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Fudcon D programming

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Jonathan Mercier
Jonathan Mercier
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D Programming . Jonathan MERCIER Introduction D Programming Object . In nutshell Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract Jonathan MERCIER System and Safe Code Reference and pointer Generics Inference Loops Functions December 9, 2012 Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . 1/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Plan .. 1 Introduction Introduction Object Object Functional Functional Meta-programming Meta-programming Parallelism Parallelism Ressource Management Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Contract Reference and pointer System and Safe Code Generics Reference and pointer Inference Generics Loops Inference Functions Loops Debugs Functions Versions Debugs Requirement Versions Editors Requirement . 2 Basics Editors My first D program Types Basics Arrays My first D program String and characters Types Const and Immutable Arrays Input/Output String and characters Algorithm Const and Immutable Structure and Class Input/Output Template Algorithm Miscellanous Structure and Class Let start it! . 3 GTK D Template . 4 Thanks To Miscellanous . . . . 2/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Before starting Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Reference and pointer Generics Inference Loops Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . 3/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Why a new language? Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract Few significant dates System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer C++ 1983 Generics Inference Loops Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program . Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . 4/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Why a new language? Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract Few significant dates System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer C++ 1983 Generics Inference Loops Java 1990 Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program . Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . 4/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Why a new language? Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract Few significant dates System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer C++ 1983 Generics Inference Loops Java 1990 Functions Debugs Python 1995 Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program . Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . 4/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Why a new language? Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract Few significant dates System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer C++ 1983 Generics Inference Loops Java 1990 Functions Debugs Python 1995 Versions Requirement Ruby 1995 Editors Basics My first D program . Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . 4/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Why a new language? Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract Few significant dates System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer C++ 1983 Generics Inference Loops Java 1990 Functions Debugs Python 1995 Versions Requirement Ruby 1995 And now? Editors Basics My first D program . Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . 4/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER What is D programming? Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code D is a modern language programming inspired by: Reference and pointer Generics C++ Inference Loops Java Functions Debugs Haskell Versions Requirement Python Editors Basics Ruby My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . 5/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Why a new language? Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer D Combines Generics . Inference Modeling Power Loops Functions Debugs Versions . Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . 6/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Why a new language? Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer D Combines Generics . Inference Modeling Power Loops Functions Debugs Modern Convenience Versions . Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . 6/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Why a new language? Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer D Combines Generics . Inference Modeling Power Loops Functions Debugs Modern Convenience Versions Native Efficiency . Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . 6/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Plan .. 1 Introduction Introduction Object Object Functional Functional Meta-programming Meta-programming Parallelism Parallelism Ressource Management Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Contract Reference and pointer System and Safe Code Generics Reference and pointer Inference Generics Loops Inference Functions Loops Debugs Functions Versions Debugs Requirement Versions Editors Requirement . 2 Basics Editors My first D program Types Basics Arrays My first D program String and characters Types Const and Immutable Arrays Input/Output String and characters Algorithm Const and Immutable Structure and Class Input/Output Template Algorithm Miscellanous Structure and Class Let start it! . 3 GTK D Template . 4 Thanks To Miscellanous . . . . . 7/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Object Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming . Parallelism Ressource Management Interface Contract 1 interface foo { …} System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer Generics Inference Loops Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters . Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . 8/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Object Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming . Parallelism Ressource Management Interface Contract 1 interface foo { …} System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer Generics class Inference Loops 1 class bar { …} Functions . Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters . Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . 8/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Object Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming . Parallelism Ressource Management Interface Contract 1 interface foo { …} System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer Generics class Inference Loops 1 class bar { …} Functions . Debugs Versions inheritance Requirement 1 class bar: foo { …} Editors . Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters . Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . 8/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Object Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming . Parallelism Ressource Management Interface Contract 1 interface foo { …} System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer Generics class Inference Loops 1 class bar { …} Functions . Debugs Versions inheritance Requirement 1 class bar: foo { …} Editors . Basics My first D program multi class inheritance not allowed, instead used Types Arrays interface. String and characters . Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . 8/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Plan .. 1 Introduction Introduction Object Object Functional Functional Meta-programming Meta-programming Parallelism Parallelism Ressource Management Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Contract Reference and pointer System and Safe Code Generics Reference and pointer Inference Generics Loops Inference Functions Loops Debugs Functions Versions Debugs Requirement Versions Editors Requirement . 2 Basics Editors My first D program Types Basics Arrays My first D program String and characters Types Const and Immutable Arrays Input/Output String and characters Algorithm Const and Immutable Structure and Class Input/Output Template Algorithm Miscellanous Structure and Class Let start it! . 3 GTK D Template . 4 Thanks To Miscellanous . . . . . 9/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Functional Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract Data immutability System and Safe Code Reference and pointer 1 immutable int[] a = [ 4, 6, 1, 2]; Generics . Inference Loops Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types . Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . 10/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Functional Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract Data immutability System and Safe Code Reference and pointer 1 immutable int[] a = [ 4, 6, 1, 2]; Generics . Inference Loops Pure functions Functions 1 pure int square(int x) { return x * x; } Debugs Versions . Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types . Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . 10/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Functional Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract Data immutability System and Safe Code Reference and pointer 1 immutable int[] a = [ 4, 6, 1, 2]; Generics . Inference Loops Pure functions Functions 1 pure int square(int x) { return x * x; } Debugs Versions . Requirement Editors Lambda functions 1 a.sort!( (x,y) => x < y ); // [ 1, 2, 4, 6 ] Basics . My first D program Types . Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . 10/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Plan .. 1 Introduction Introduction Object Object Functional Functional Meta-programming Meta-programming Parallelism Parallelism Ressource Management Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Contract Reference and pointer System and Safe Code Generics Reference and pointer Inference Generics Loops Inference Functions Loops Debugs Functions Versions Debugs Requirement Versions Editors Requirement . 2 Basics Editors My first D program Types Basics Arrays My first D program String and characters Types Const and Immutable Arrays Input/Output String and characters Algorithm Const and Immutable Structure and Class Input/Output Template Algorithm Miscellanous Structure and Class Let start it! . 3 GTK D Template . 4 Thanks To Miscellanous . . . . . . 11/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Meta-programming Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract . System and Safe Code Combination of Reference and pointer . Generics templates Inference Loops Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics . My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . . 12/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Meta-programming Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract . System and Safe Code Combination of Reference and pointer . Generics templates Inference Loops Functions compile time function execution Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics . My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . . 12/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Meta-programming Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract . System and Safe Code Combination of Reference and pointer . Generics templates Inference Loops Functions compile time function execution Debugs Versions tuples Requirement Editors Basics . My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . . 12/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Meta-programming Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract . System and Safe Code Combination of Reference and pointer . Generics templates Inference Loops Functions compile time function execution Debugs Versions tuples Requirement Editors string mixins Basics . My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . . 12/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Meta-programming Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Reference and pointer Code 1: Example Generics 1 template Factorial(ulong n){ Inference 2 static if(n < 2) Loops 3 const Factorial = 1; Functions 4 else Debugs 5 const Factorial = n * Factorial!(n − 1); Versions 6 } Requirement 7 const ulong var = Factorial!( 8 ); // compute at compile−time Editors . Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . . 13/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Plan .. 1 Introduction Introduction Object Object Functional Functional Meta-programming Meta-programming Parallelism Parallelism Ressource Management Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Contract Reference and pointer System and Safe Code Generics Reference and pointer Inference Generics Loops Inference Functions Loops Debugs Functions Versions Debugs Requirement Versions Editors Requirement . 2 Basics Editors My first D program Types Basics Arrays My first D program String and characters Types Const and Immutable Arrays Input/Output String and characters Algorithm Const and Immutable Structure and Class Input/Output Template Algorithm Miscellanous Structure and Class Let start it! . 3 GTK D Template . 4 Thanks To Miscellanous . . . . . . 14/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Parallelism Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming . Parallelism Ressource Management module to use Contract 1 import std.parallelism; System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer Generics Inference Loops Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters . Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . .. . 15/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Parallelism Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming . Parallelism Ressource Management module to use Contract 1 import std.parallelism; System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer Generics parallel loop Inference Loops 1 foreach( i; parallel( list ) ){ …} Functions . Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters . Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . .. . 15/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Parallelism Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming . Parallelism Ressource Management module to use Contract 1 import std.parallelism; System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer Generics parallel loop Inference Loops 1 foreach( i; parallel( list ) ){ …} Functions . Debugs Versions Requirement Pool thread Editors 1 void myfunction( int param1, int param 2 ){ …} 2 auto myTask = task!myfunction( param1, param2 ); Basics 3 taskPool.put( myTask ); My first D program 4 doSomething(); // another work in parallel Types 5 taskPool.finish( true ); // wait alls jobs ending Arrays . String and characters . Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . .. . 15/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Plan .. 1 Introduction Introduction Object Object Functional Functional Meta-programming Meta-programming Parallelism Parallelism Ressource Management Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Contract Reference and pointer System and Safe Code Generics Reference and pointer Inference Generics Loops Inference Functions Loops Debugs Functions Versions Debugs Requirement Versions Editors Requirement . 2 Basics Editors My first D program Types Basics Arrays My first D program String and characters Types Const and Immutable Arrays Input/Output String and characters Algorithm Const and Immutable Structure and Class Input/Output Template Algorithm Miscellanous Structure and Class Let start it! . 3 GTK D Template . 4 Thanks To Miscellanous . . . . . . . 16/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Ressource Management Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Reference and pointer Code 2: Example Generics Inference 1 File f = File( ”myfile.txt”, ”r”); Loops 2 scope(exit) f.close(); 3 lockFile( f ); Functions 4 doFoo( f ); Debugs 5 scope(success) doBar( f ); Versions 6 scope(failure) unlock( f ); Requirement Editors . Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . . . 17/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Plan .. 1 Introduction Introduction Object Object Functional Functional Meta-programming Meta-programming Parallelism Parallelism Ressource Management Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Contract Reference and pointer System and Safe Code Generics Reference and pointer Inference Generics Loops Inference Functions Loops Debugs Functions Versions Debugs Requirement Versions Editors Requirement . 2 Basics Editors My first D program Types Basics Arrays My first D program String and characters Types Const and Immutable Arrays Input/Output String and characters Algorithm Const and Immutable Structure and Class Input/Output Template Algorithm Miscellanous Structure and Class Let start it! . 3 GTK D Template . 4 Thanks To Miscellanous . . . . . . . 18/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Contract Introduction Object . Functional check a statement Meta-programming 1 assert( var != null ); Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract System and Safe Code Reference and pointer Generics Inference Loops Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class . Template Miscellanous . . . . . . . 19/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Contract Introduction Object . Functional check a statement Meta-programming 1 assert( var != null ); Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract System and Safe Code check before entering into a function Reference and pointer 1 double foo ( int a ) Generics 2 in{ assert( a > 0 ); } Inference 3 body { return a − 2; } Loops Functions . Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class . Template Miscellanous . . . . . . . 19/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Contract Introduction Object . Functional check a statement Meta-programming 1 assert( var != null ); Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract System and Safe Code check before entering into a function Reference and pointer 1 double foo ( int a ) Generics 2 in{ assert( a > 0 ); } Inference 3 body { return a − 2; } Loops Functions . Debugs Versions check at function exit Requirement 1 int foo ( int a ) Editors 2 out{ assert( a > 0 ); } 3 body { return a − 2; } Basics My first D program . Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class . Template Miscellanous . . . . . . . 19/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Contract Introduction Object . Functional check a statement Meta-programming 1 assert( var != null ); Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract System and Safe Code check before entering into a function Reference and pointer 1 double foo ( int a ) Generics 2 in{ assert( a > 0 ); } Inference 3 body { return a − 2; } Loops Functions . Debugs Versions check at function exit Requirement 1 int foo ( int a ) Editors 2 out{ assert( a > 0 ); } 3 body { return a − 2; } Basics My first D program . -release flag will not compute contract Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable $ ldc2 -release foo.d Input/Output . Algorithm Structure and Class . Template Miscellanous . . . . . . . 19/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Plan .. 1 Introduction Introduction Object Object Functional Functional Meta-programming Meta-programming Parallelism Parallelism Ressource Management Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Contract Reference and pointer System and Safe Code Generics Reference and pointer Inference Generics Loops Inference Functions Loops Debugs Functions Versions Debugs Requirement Versions Editors Requirement . 2 Basics Editors My first D program Types Basics Arrays My first D program String and characters Types Const and Immutable Arrays Input/Output String and characters Algorithm Const and Immutable Structure and Class Input/Output Template Algorithm Miscellanous Structure and Class Let start it! . 3 GTK D Template . 4 Thanks To Miscellanous . . . . . . . 20/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER System and Safe Code Introduction Object Functional . Meta-programming System and Safe Code Parallelism . Ressource Management Contract Safe functions are functions that are statically checked System and Safe Code Reference and pointer to have no possibility of undefined behavior. Generics Inference Loops Functions Debugs Undefined behavior is often used as a vector for Versions Requirement malicious attacks. Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays Func­tions are marked with at­tributes: @safe, String and characters Const and Immutable @system, @trusted . Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . . . . 21/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Plan .. 1 Introduction Introduction Object Object Functional Functional Meta-programming Meta-programming Parallelism Parallelism Ressource Management Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Contract Reference and pointer System and Safe Code Generics Reference and pointer Inference Generics Loops Inference Functions Loops Debugs Functions Versions Debugs Requirement Versions Editors Requirement . 2 Basics Editors My first D program Types Basics Arrays My first D program String and characters Types Const and Immutable Arrays Input/Output String and characters Algorithm Const and Immutable Structure and Class Input/Output Template Algorithm Miscellanous Structure and Class Let start it! . 3 GTK D Template . 4 Thanks To Miscellanous . . . . . . . . 22/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Reference and pointer Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract Pointers exist only to create C interface code System and Safe Code 1 int* a = cFunction( param ); Reference and pointer Generics . Inference Loops Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types . Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . . . . 23/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Reference and pointer Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract Pointers exist only to create C interface code System and Safe Code 1 int* a = cFunction( param ); Reference and pointer Generics . Inference Loops ref into function Functions 1 void foo( ref int[] param ) { …} Debugs Versions . Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types . Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . . . . 23/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Reference and pointer Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract Pointers exist only to create C interface code System and Safe Code 1 int* a = cFunction( param ); Reference and pointer Generics . Inference Loops ref into function Functions 1 void foo( ref int[] param ) { …} Debugs Versions . Requirement Editors ref into a loop Basics 1 foreach( ref item ; list ){ …} . My first D program Types . Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . . . . 23/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Plan .. 1 Introduction Introduction Object Object Functional Functional Meta-programming Meta-programming Parallelism Parallelism Ressource Management Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Contract Reference and pointer System and Safe Code Generics Reference and pointer Inference Generics Loops Inference Functions Loops Debugs Functions Versions Debugs Requirement Versions Editors Requirement . 2 Basics Editors My first D program Types Basics Arrays My first D program String and characters Types Const and Immutable Arrays Input/Output String and characters Algorithm Const and Immutable Structure and Class Input/Output Template Algorithm Miscellanous Structure and Class Let start it! . 3 GTK D Template . 4 Thanks To Miscellanous . . . . . . . . 24/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER . Generic Introduction . Object class Functional 1 class Foo( T ){ …} Meta-programming 2 Foo!int instance = new Foo!(int)( param ); Parallelism . Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Reference and pointer Generics Inference Loops Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output . Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . .. . . 25/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER . Generic Introduction . Object class Functional 1 class Foo( T ){ …} Meta-programming 2 Foo!int instance = new Foo!(int)( param ); Parallelism . Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code structure Reference and pointer 1 struct Foo( T ){ …} Generics 2 Foo!int instance = Foo!int( param ); Inference . Loops Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output . Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . .. . . 25/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER . Generic Introduction . Object class Functional 1 class Foo( T ){ …} Meta-programming 2 Foo!int instance = new Foo!(int)( param ); Parallelism . Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code structure Reference and pointer 1 struct Foo( T ){ …} Generics 2 Foo!int instance = Foo!int( param ); Inference . Loops Functions function Debugs 1 T foo( T )(T param){ …} Versions 2 int var = foo!int( param ); Requirement Editors . Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output . Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . .. . . 25/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER . Generic Introduction . Object class Functional 1 class Foo( T ){ …} Meta-programming 2 Foo!int instance = new Foo!(int)( param ); Parallelism . Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code structure Reference and pointer 1 struct Foo( T ){ …} Generics 2 Foo!int instance = Foo!int( param ); Inference . Loops Functions function Debugs 1 T foo( T )(T param){ …} Versions 2 int var = foo!int( param ); Requirement Editors . Basics macro My first D program 1 template TFoo( T )( T param ){ immutable T f = param + 3; Types } Arrays 2 int a = TFoo!int( 4 ) ; // return 7 at compile time String and characters . Const and Immutable Input/Output . Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . .. . . 25/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Plan .. 1 Introduction Introduction Object Object Functional Functional Meta-programming Meta-programming Parallelism Parallelism Ressource Management Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Contract Reference and pointer System and Safe Code Generics Reference and pointer Inference Generics Loops Inference Functions Loops Debugs Functions Versions Debugs Requirement Versions Editors Requirement . 2 Basics Editors My first D program Types Basics Arrays My first D program String and characters Types Const and Immutable Arrays Input/Output String and characters Algorithm Const and Immutable Structure and Class Input/Output Template Algorithm Miscellanous Structure and Class Let start it! . 3 GTK D Template . 4 Thanks To Miscellanous . . . . .. . . . 26/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Inference Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract . System and Safe Code Reference and pointer auto for variable Generics 1 size_t[] list = [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4]; Inference 2 auto item = list[1]; // item type is size_t Loops . Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors . Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . . . . . 27/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
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Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming
Fudcon D programming

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Fudcon D programming

  • 1. D Programming . Jonathan MERCIER Introduction D Programming Object . In nutshell Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract Jonathan MERCIER System and Safe Code Reference and pointer Generics Inference Loops Functions December 9, 2012 Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . 1/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 2. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Plan .. 1 Introduction Introduction Object Object Functional Functional Meta-programming Meta-programming Parallelism Parallelism Ressource Management Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Contract Reference and pointer System and Safe Code Generics Reference and pointer Inference Generics Loops Inference Functions Loops Debugs Functions Versions Debugs Requirement Versions Editors Requirement . 2 Basics Editors My first D program Types Basics Arrays My first D program String and characters Types Const and Immutable Arrays Input/Output String and characters Algorithm Const and Immutable Structure and Class Input/Output Template Algorithm Miscellanous Structure and Class Let start it! . 3 GTK D Template . 4 Thanks To Miscellanous . . . . 2/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 3. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Before starting Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Reference and pointer Generics Inference Loops Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . 3/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 4. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Why a new language? Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract Few significant dates System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer C++ 1983 Generics Inference Loops Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program . Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . 4/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 5. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Why a new language? Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract Few significant dates System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer C++ 1983 Generics Inference Loops Java 1990 Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program . Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . 4/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 6. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Why a new language? Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract Few significant dates System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer C++ 1983 Generics Inference Loops Java 1990 Functions Debugs Python 1995 Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program . Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . 4/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 7. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Why a new language? Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract Few significant dates System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer C++ 1983 Generics Inference Loops Java 1990 Functions Debugs Python 1995 Versions Requirement Ruby 1995 Editors Basics My first D program . Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . 4/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 8. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Why a new language? Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract Few significant dates System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer C++ 1983 Generics Inference Loops Java 1990 Functions Debugs Python 1995 Versions Requirement Ruby 1995 And now? Editors Basics My first D program . Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . 4/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 9. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER What is D programming? Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code D is a modern language programming inspired by: Reference and pointer Generics C++ Inference Loops Java Functions Debugs Haskell Versions Requirement Python Editors Basics Ruby My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . 5/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 10. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Why a new language? Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer D Combines Generics . Inference Modeling Power Loops Functions Debugs Versions . Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . 6/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 11. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Why a new language? Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer D Combines Generics . Inference Modeling Power Loops Functions Debugs Modern Convenience Versions . Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . 6/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 12. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Why a new language? Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer D Combines Generics . Inference Modeling Power Loops Functions Debugs Modern Convenience Versions Native Efficiency . Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . 6/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 13. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Plan .. 1 Introduction Introduction Object Object Functional Functional Meta-programming Meta-programming Parallelism Parallelism Ressource Management Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Contract Reference and pointer System and Safe Code Generics Reference and pointer Inference Generics Loops Inference Functions Loops Debugs Functions Versions Debugs Requirement Versions Editors Requirement . 2 Basics Editors My first D program Types Basics Arrays My first D program String and characters Types Const and Immutable Arrays Input/Output String and characters Algorithm Const and Immutable Structure and Class Input/Output Template Algorithm Miscellanous Structure and Class Let start it! . 3 GTK D Template . 4 Thanks To Miscellanous . . . . . 7/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 14. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Object Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming . Parallelism Ressource Management Interface Contract 1 interface foo { …} System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer Generics Inference Loops Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters . Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . 8/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 15. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Object Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming . Parallelism Ressource Management Interface Contract 1 interface foo { …} System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer Generics class Inference Loops 1 class bar { …} Functions . Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters . Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . 8/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 16. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Object Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming . Parallelism Ressource Management Interface Contract 1 interface foo { …} System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer Generics class Inference Loops 1 class bar { …} Functions . Debugs Versions inheritance Requirement 1 class bar: foo { …} Editors . Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters . Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . 8/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 17. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Object Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming . Parallelism Ressource Management Interface Contract 1 interface foo { …} System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer Generics class Inference Loops 1 class bar { …} Functions . Debugs Versions inheritance Requirement 1 class bar: foo { …} Editors . Basics My first D program multi class inheritance not allowed, instead used Types Arrays interface. String and characters . Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . 8/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 18. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Plan .. 1 Introduction Introduction Object Object Functional Functional Meta-programming Meta-programming Parallelism Parallelism Ressource Management Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Contract Reference and pointer System and Safe Code Generics Reference and pointer Inference Generics Loops Inference Functions Loops Debugs Functions Versions Debugs Requirement Versions Editors Requirement . 2 Basics Editors My first D program Types Basics Arrays My first D program String and characters Types Const and Immutable Arrays Input/Output String and characters Algorithm Const and Immutable Structure and Class Input/Output Template Algorithm Miscellanous Structure and Class Let start it! . 3 GTK D Template . 4 Thanks To Miscellanous . . . . . 9/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 19. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Functional Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract Data immutability System and Safe Code Reference and pointer 1 immutable int[] a = [ 4, 6, 1, 2]; Generics . Inference Loops Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types . Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . 10/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 20. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Functional Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract Data immutability System and Safe Code Reference and pointer 1 immutable int[] a = [ 4, 6, 1, 2]; Generics . Inference Loops Pure functions Functions 1 pure int square(int x) { return x * x; } Debugs Versions . Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types . Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . 10/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 21. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Functional Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract Data immutability System and Safe Code Reference and pointer 1 immutable int[] a = [ 4, 6, 1, 2]; Generics . Inference Loops Pure functions Functions 1 pure int square(int x) { return x * x; } Debugs Versions . Requirement Editors Lambda functions 1 a.sort!( (x,y) => x < y ); // [ 1, 2, 4, 6 ] Basics . My first D program Types . Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . 10/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 22. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Plan .. 1 Introduction Introduction Object Object Functional Functional Meta-programming Meta-programming Parallelism Parallelism Ressource Management Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Contract Reference and pointer System and Safe Code Generics Reference and pointer Inference Generics Loops Inference Functions Loops Debugs Functions Versions Debugs Requirement Versions Editors Requirement . 2 Basics Editors My first D program Types Basics Arrays My first D program String and characters Types Const and Immutable Arrays Input/Output String and characters Algorithm Const and Immutable Structure and Class Input/Output Template Algorithm Miscellanous Structure and Class Let start it! . 3 GTK D Template . 4 Thanks To Miscellanous . . . . . . 11/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 23. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Meta-programming Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract . System and Safe Code Combination of Reference and pointer . Generics templates Inference Loops Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics . My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . . 12/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 24. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Meta-programming Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract . System and Safe Code Combination of Reference and pointer . Generics templates Inference Loops Functions compile time function execution Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics . My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . . 12/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 25. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Meta-programming Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract . System and Safe Code Combination of Reference and pointer . Generics templates Inference Loops Functions compile time function execution Debugs Versions tuples Requirement Editors Basics . My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . . 12/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 26. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Meta-programming Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract . System and Safe Code Combination of Reference and pointer . Generics templates Inference Loops Functions compile time function execution Debugs Versions tuples Requirement Editors string mixins Basics . My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . . 12/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 27. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Meta-programming Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Reference and pointer Code 1: Example Generics 1 template Factorial(ulong n){ Inference 2 static if(n < 2) Loops 3 const Factorial = 1; Functions 4 else Debugs 5 const Factorial = n * Factorial!(n − 1); Versions 6 } Requirement 7 const ulong var = Factorial!( 8 ); // compute at compile−time Editors . Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . . 13/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 28. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Plan .. 1 Introduction Introduction Object Object Functional Functional Meta-programming Meta-programming Parallelism Parallelism Ressource Management Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Contract Reference and pointer System and Safe Code Generics Reference and pointer Inference Generics Loops Inference Functions Loops Debugs Functions Versions Debugs Requirement Versions Editors Requirement . 2 Basics Editors My first D program Types Basics Arrays My first D program String and characters Types Const and Immutable Arrays Input/Output String and characters Algorithm Const and Immutable Structure and Class Input/Output Template Algorithm Miscellanous Structure and Class Let start it! . 3 GTK D Template . 4 Thanks To Miscellanous . . . . . . 14/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 29. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Parallelism Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming . Parallelism Ressource Management module to use Contract 1 import std.parallelism; System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer Generics Inference Loops Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters . Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . .. . 15/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 30. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Parallelism Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming . Parallelism Ressource Management module to use Contract 1 import std.parallelism; System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer Generics parallel loop Inference Loops 1 foreach( i; parallel( list ) ){ …} Functions . Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters . Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . .. . 15/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 31. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Parallelism Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming . Parallelism Ressource Management module to use Contract 1 import std.parallelism; System and Safe Code . Reference and pointer Generics parallel loop Inference Loops 1 foreach( i; parallel( list ) ){ …} Functions . Debugs Versions Requirement Pool thread Editors 1 void myfunction( int param1, int param 2 ){ …} 2 auto myTask = task!myfunction( param1, param2 ); Basics 3 taskPool.put( myTask ); My first D program 4 doSomething(); // another work in parallel Types 5 taskPool.finish( true ); // wait alls jobs ending Arrays . String and characters . Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . .. . 15/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 32. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Plan .. 1 Introduction Introduction Object Object Functional Functional Meta-programming Meta-programming Parallelism Parallelism Ressource Management Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Contract Reference and pointer System and Safe Code Generics Reference and pointer Inference Generics Loops Inference Functions Loops Debugs Functions Versions Debugs Requirement Versions Editors Requirement . 2 Basics Editors My first D program Types Basics Arrays My first D program String and characters Types Const and Immutable Arrays Input/Output String and characters Algorithm Const and Immutable Structure and Class Input/Output Template Algorithm Miscellanous Structure and Class Let start it! . 3 GTK D Template . 4 Thanks To Miscellanous . . . . . . . 16/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 33. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Ressource Management Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Reference and pointer Code 2: Example Generics Inference 1 File f = File( ”myfile.txt”, ”r”); Loops 2 scope(exit) f.close(); 3 lockFile( f ); Functions 4 doFoo( f ); Debugs 5 scope(success) doBar( f ); Versions 6 scope(failure) unlock( f ); Requirement Editors . Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . . . 17/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 34. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Plan .. 1 Introduction Introduction Object Object Functional Functional Meta-programming Meta-programming Parallelism Parallelism Ressource Management Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Contract Reference and pointer System and Safe Code Generics Reference and pointer Inference Generics Loops Inference Functions Loops Debugs Functions Versions Debugs Requirement Versions Editors Requirement . 2 Basics Editors My first D program Types Basics Arrays My first D program String and characters Types Const and Immutable Arrays Input/Output String and characters Algorithm Const and Immutable Structure and Class Input/Output Template Algorithm Miscellanous Structure and Class Let start it! . 3 GTK D Template . 4 Thanks To Miscellanous . . . . . . . 18/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 35. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Contract Introduction Object . Functional check a statement Meta-programming 1 assert( var != null ); Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract System and Safe Code Reference and pointer Generics Inference Loops Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class . Template Miscellanous . . . . . . . 19/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 36. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Contract Introduction Object . Functional check a statement Meta-programming 1 assert( var != null ); Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract System and Safe Code check before entering into a function Reference and pointer 1 double foo ( int a ) Generics 2 in{ assert( a > 0 ); } Inference 3 body { return a − 2; } Loops Functions . Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class . Template Miscellanous . . . . . . . 19/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 37. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Contract Introduction Object . Functional check a statement Meta-programming 1 assert( var != null ); Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract System and Safe Code check before entering into a function Reference and pointer 1 double foo ( int a ) Generics 2 in{ assert( a > 0 ); } Inference 3 body { return a − 2; } Loops Functions . Debugs Versions check at function exit Requirement 1 int foo ( int a ) Editors 2 out{ assert( a > 0 ); } 3 body { return a − 2; } Basics My first D program . Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class . Template Miscellanous . . . . . . . 19/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 38. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Contract Introduction Object . Functional check a statement Meta-programming 1 assert( var != null ); Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract System and Safe Code check before entering into a function Reference and pointer 1 double foo ( int a ) Generics 2 in{ assert( a > 0 ); } Inference 3 body { return a − 2; } Loops Functions . Debugs Versions check at function exit Requirement 1 int foo ( int a ) Editors 2 out{ assert( a > 0 ); } 3 body { return a − 2; } Basics My first D program . -release flag will not compute contract Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable $ ldc2 -release foo.d Input/Output . Algorithm Structure and Class . Template Miscellanous . . . . . . . 19/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 39. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Plan .. 1 Introduction Introduction Object Object Functional Functional Meta-programming Meta-programming Parallelism Parallelism Ressource Management Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Contract Reference and pointer System and Safe Code Generics Reference and pointer Inference Generics Loops Inference Functions Loops Debugs Functions Versions Debugs Requirement Versions Editors Requirement . 2 Basics Editors My first D program Types Basics Arrays My first D program String and characters Types Const and Immutable Arrays Input/Output String and characters Algorithm Const and Immutable Structure and Class Input/Output Template Algorithm Miscellanous Structure and Class Let start it! . 3 GTK D Template . 4 Thanks To Miscellanous . . . . . . . 20/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 40. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER System and Safe Code Introduction Object Functional . Meta-programming System and Safe Code Parallelism . Ressource Management Contract Safe functions are functions that are statically checked System and Safe Code Reference and pointer to have no possibility of undefined behavior. Generics Inference Loops Functions Debugs Undefined behavior is often used as a vector for Versions Requirement malicious attacks. Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays Func­tions are marked with at­tributes: @safe, String and characters Const and Immutable @system, @trusted . Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . . . . 21/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 41. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Plan .. 1 Introduction Introduction Object Object Functional Functional Meta-programming Meta-programming Parallelism Parallelism Ressource Management Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Contract Reference and pointer System and Safe Code Generics Reference and pointer Inference Generics Loops Inference Functions Loops Debugs Functions Versions Debugs Requirement Versions Editors Requirement . 2 Basics Editors My first D program Types Basics Arrays My first D program String and characters Types Const and Immutable Arrays Input/Output String and characters Algorithm Const and Immutable Structure and Class Input/Output Template Algorithm Miscellanous Structure and Class Let start it! . 3 GTK D Template . 4 Thanks To Miscellanous . . . . . . . . 22/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 42. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Reference and pointer Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract Pointers exist only to create C interface code System and Safe Code 1 int* a = cFunction( param ); Reference and pointer Generics . Inference Loops Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types . Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . . . . 23/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 43. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Reference and pointer Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract Pointers exist only to create C interface code System and Safe Code 1 int* a = cFunction( param ); Reference and pointer Generics . Inference Loops ref into function Functions 1 void foo( ref int[] param ) { …} Debugs Versions . Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types . Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . . . . 23/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 44. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Reference and pointer Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management . Contract Pointers exist only to create C interface code System and Safe Code 1 int* a = cFunction( param ); Reference and pointer Generics . Inference Loops ref into function Functions 1 void foo( ref int[] param ) { …} Debugs Versions . Requirement Editors ref into a loop Basics 1 foreach( ref item ; list ){ …} . My first D program Types . Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . . . . 23/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 45. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Plan .. 1 Introduction Introduction Object Object Functional Functional Meta-programming Meta-programming Parallelism Parallelism Ressource Management Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Contract Reference and pointer System and Safe Code Generics Reference and pointer Inference Generics Loops Inference Functions Loops Debugs Functions Versions Debugs Requirement Versions Editors Requirement . 2 Basics Editors My first D program Types Basics Arrays My first D program String and characters Types Const and Immutable Arrays Input/Output String and characters Algorithm Const and Immutable Structure and Class Input/Output Template Algorithm Miscellanous Structure and Class Let start it! . 3 GTK D Template . 4 Thanks To Miscellanous . . . . . . . . 24/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 46. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER . Generic Introduction . Object class Functional 1 class Foo( T ){ …} Meta-programming 2 Foo!int instance = new Foo!(int)( param ); Parallelism . Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Reference and pointer Generics Inference Loops Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output . Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . .. . . 25/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 47. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER . Generic Introduction . Object class Functional 1 class Foo( T ){ …} Meta-programming 2 Foo!int instance = new Foo!(int)( param ); Parallelism . Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code structure Reference and pointer 1 struct Foo( T ){ …} Generics 2 Foo!int instance = Foo!int( param ); Inference . Loops Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output . Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . .. . . 25/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 48. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER . Generic Introduction . Object class Functional 1 class Foo( T ){ …} Meta-programming 2 Foo!int instance = new Foo!(int)( param ); Parallelism . Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code structure Reference and pointer 1 struct Foo( T ){ …} Generics 2 Foo!int instance = Foo!int( param ); Inference . Loops Functions function Debugs 1 T foo( T )(T param){ …} Versions 2 int var = foo!int( param ); Requirement Editors . Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output . Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . .. . . 25/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 49. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER . Generic Introduction . Object class Functional 1 class Foo( T ){ …} Meta-programming 2 Foo!int instance = new Foo!(int)( param ); Parallelism . Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code structure Reference and pointer 1 struct Foo( T ){ …} Generics 2 Foo!int instance = Foo!int( param ); Inference . Loops Functions function Debugs 1 T foo( T )(T param){ …} Versions 2 int var = foo!int( param ); Requirement Editors . Basics macro My first D program 1 template TFoo( T )( T param ){ immutable T f = param + 3; Types } Arrays 2 int a = TFoo!int( 4 ) ; // return 7 at compile time String and characters . Const and Immutable Input/Output . Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . .. . . 25/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 50. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Plan .. 1 Introduction Introduction Object Object Functional Functional Meta-programming Meta-programming Parallelism Parallelism Ressource Management Ressource Management Contract System and Safe Code Contract Reference and pointer System and Safe Code Generics Reference and pointer Inference Generics Loops Inference Functions Loops Debugs Functions Versions Debugs Requirement Versions Editors Requirement . 2 Basics Editors My first D program Types Basics Arrays My first D program String and characters Types Const and Immutable Arrays Input/Output String and characters Algorithm Const and Immutable Structure and Class Input/Output Template Algorithm Miscellanous Structure and Class Let start it! . 3 GTK D Template . 4 Thanks To Miscellanous . . . . .. . . . 26/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D
  • 51. D Programming Jonathan MERCIER Inference Introduction Object Functional Meta-programming Parallelism Ressource Management Contract . System and Safe Code Reference and pointer auto for variable Generics 1 size_t[] list = [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4]; Inference 2 auto item = list[1]; // item type is size_t Loops . Functions Debugs Versions Requirement Editors . Basics My first D program Types Arrays String and characters Const and Immutable Input/Output Algorithm Structure and Class Template Miscellanous . . . . . . . . . 27/122 . Let start it! D Programming . . . . Back . . . . . Forward . GTK D