1.  In
the 19th century, Americans moved from
the countryside to the cities as the nation
became more urbanized. Urban City is from
the Latin word "urbs", which means “city”.

2.  The
quantitative study of human populations
in order to identify the influences on
population growth and structure.

3. A
small building found in New York
City, especially in New York’s Lower East
Side. Tenements are usually no more than
five stories high, with narrow staircases and
tiny apartments. Tenements were home to
many European immigrants during the 19th
century. Unsafe conditions, especially
overcrowding in the tenements caused a lot
of sickness and death among immigrants, and
in 1863, new "tenement laws" were passes
stating things like, all apartments must have
windows.

4. A
political machine is a corrupt political
organization in which an authoritative boss
or small group commands the support of a
corps
of
supporters
and
businesses
(usually campaign workers), who receive
rewards for their efforts. The machine's
power is based on the ability of the workers
to get out the vote for their candidates on
Election Day.

5.  Leaders
of Political Machines

6.  Immigration
is the movement of people into
another country or region to which they are
not native in order to settle there.

7. 
Push and pull factors are terms often used for
migration. Push factors are factors or causes
with which people tend to be pushed away or
repelled from certain locations; while pull
factors are those conditions that attract people
to a particular location. These factors may be
due to economic, environmental, religious and
even political conditions present in the
concerned locations.

8.  Came
from southern and eastern
Europe, especially Poland, Italy, AustriaHungary, Greece, and Russia. They were
often catholic, Jewish, or orthodox Christian
rather than Protestant, and spoke no English.

9. A
group of people of the same ethnicity living
together in the same area of a city. Generally
smaller areas usually crowded and in poor
conditions.

10.  Nativism
typically means opposition to
immigration and support of efforts to lower
the political or legal status of specific ethnic
or cultural groups because the groups are
considered hostile or alien to the natural
culture, and assumptions that they cannot be
assimilated.

11.  Americanization
or Americanisation is a term
for the influence the United States has on
the culture of other countries, such as
their popular
culture, cuisine, technology, business
practices, or political techniques.

12.  Prohibits
all immigration of Chinese laborers.

13.  The
political and geographical areas near or
beyond a boundary.

14. 
A broad expanse of flat land, much of it covered
in prairie, steppe and grassland, which lies west
of the River and east of the Rocky Mountains in
the United States and Canada. This area covers
parts of the U.S.
states of Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska,
New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South
Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming, and the Canadian
provinces of Alberta, Manitoba and
Saskatchewan.

15. 
A migration by an estimated 100,000 prospectors to
the Klondike region of the Yukon in northwestern Canada, (1896 - 1899). Gold was discovered here
on August 16, 1896 and, when news
reached Seattle and San Francisco the following year, it
triggered a "stampede" of would-be prospectors. The
journey proved too hard to many and only between 30,000
and 40,000 managed to arrive. Some became wealthy, but
the majority went in vain and only around 4,000 struck
gold. The Klondike Gold Rush ended in 1899 after gold was
discovered in Nome, prompting an exodus from the
Klondike. It has been immortalized by photographs, books
and films.

16.  United
States federal laws that gave an
applicant ownership of land, typically called
a "homestead", at little or no cost.

17.  The
name used in the United States to
describe the multiple conflicts between
American settlers or the federal government
and the native peoples of North America
from the time of earliest colonial settlement
until approximately 1890.

18.  An
area of land managed by a Native
American tribe under the United States
Department of the Interior's Bureau of Indian
Affairs.

19.  Adopted
by Congress in 1887, authorized the
President of the United States to survey
American Indian tribal land and divide it into
allotments for individual Indians.

20.  Also
known as the Snyder Act, was proposed
by Representative Homer P. Snyder (R) of
New York and granted full U.S. citizenship to
America's indigenous peoples, called "Indians"
in this Act.