The document summarizes the history of medieval Spain. It discusses: 1) The Germanic invasions of the 5th century by the Suevi, Vandals, and Alans, with the Visigoths eventually taking power and establishing a kingdom in Toledo, adopting Roman laws, Christianity, and Latin. 2) The Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula in the 8th century and the establishment of Al-Andalus, which flourished culturally and in urban life and agriculture. 3) After the Muslim conquest, many Christians retreated north and founded new kingdoms, which were feudal in nature with the king as highest authority and nobles, church, and peasants playing