SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  14
VITAMIN A
β carotene
                    All-trans retinol
     retinal
                    All-trans retinal
     retinol
                      Visual cycle
      retinyl
      esters
                     Retinoic acid

retinyl palmitate
                      Nuclear receptor
SOURCES
LIFE STAGE    DAILY REQUIRMENT ( μg/day)
Infants
0-6 months                     400
7-12 months                    500
Children
1-3yr                          300
4-8yr                          400
Males
9-13yr                         600
>13yr                          900
Females
9-13yr                         600
>13yr                          700
Pregnancy                      750
Lactation                     1200
Vitamin A deficiency
WHO CLASSIFICATION OF XEROPTHALMIA
XN                 Night blindness (nyctalopia)
X1A                  Conjunctival Xerosis
X1B                  Bitot’s spots
X2                   Corneal Xerosis
X3A                  Corneal ulceration (<1/3rd)
X3B                  Corneal ulceration(>1/3rd )
XS                   Corneal scar
XF                   Xeropthalmic fundi
Bitot spots
Keratomalacia
Other manifestations
Skin and Epithelial cells:
Phrynoderma/toad skin
Keratinization of GI,respiratory and urogenital tracts
Reproductive system:
Degeneration of germinal epithelium- infertility
Growth retardation
Hyperkeratosis
Hypervitaminosis A
Symptoms and signs:
Fatigue,malaise,anorexia,vomiting,headache and
diplopia
Dermatitis
Skeletal decalcification
Tenderness of long bones
Hepatomegaly
Carotenemia
Treatment
 Children 1-6 yr and above
• Immediately on diagnosis - 2 lakh IU
• Following day             - 2 lakh IU
• Four weeks later          - 2 lakh IU
Children <1yr and <8kg(at any age)
• <6 months                 - 50,000 IU
• 6-12 months               - 1 lakh IU
For night blindness and Bitot spots
   Daily dose( 2 wks)        -10,000 IU
Prevention
National Prophylaxis Vitamin A Program
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• Children(1-5 yr) - 2 lakh IU, every 6 months
• 9 months – 1 lakh IU
• 15 months – 2 lakh IU
Vitamin a

Contenu connexe

Tendances (20)

Astigmatism
AstigmatismAstigmatism
Astigmatism
 
Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathyDiabetic retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy
 
Ocular injuries
Ocular injuriesOcular injuries
Ocular injuries
 
Anterior uveitis
Anterior uveitisAnterior uveitis
Anterior uveitis
 
Pediatric cataract
Pediatric cataractPediatric cataract
Pediatric cataract
 
Congenital cataract
Congenital cataractCongenital cataract
Congenital cataract
 
Congenital cataract & ITS MANAGEMENT
Congenital cataract & ITS MANAGEMENTCongenital cataract & ITS MANAGEMENT
Congenital cataract & ITS MANAGEMENT
 
Vitamin A Deficiency & Eye
Vitamin A Deficiency & EyeVitamin A Deficiency & Eye
Vitamin A Deficiency & Eye
 
Hypertensive Retinopathy
Hypertensive RetinopathyHypertensive Retinopathy
Hypertensive Retinopathy
 
Corneal Dystrophies
Corneal DystrophiesCorneal Dystrophies
Corneal Dystrophies
 
Macular hole
Macular holeMacular hole
Macular hole
 
Age related macular degeneration
Age  related  macular degenerationAge  related  macular degeneration
Age related macular degeneration
 
Ectopia lentis edit
Ectopia lentis editEctopia lentis edit
Ectopia lentis edit
 
Pseudophakia
PseudophakiaPseudophakia
Pseudophakia
 
Xerophthalmia
XerophthalmiaXerophthalmia
Xerophthalmia
 
Management of diabetic retinopathy
Management of diabetic retinopathyManagement of diabetic retinopathy
Management of diabetic retinopathy
 
Corneal Opacity
Corneal OpacityCorneal Opacity
Corneal Opacity
 
Hyphema
HyphemaHyphema
Hyphema
 
Retinoblastoma
RetinoblastomaRetinoblastoma
Retinoblastoma
 
Retinitis pigmentosa
Retinitis pigmentosaRetinitis pigmentosa
Retinitis pigmentosa
 

Similaire à Vitamin a

Similaire à Vitamin a (20)

Vitamin C
Vitamin CVitamin C
Vitamin C
 
Fat soluble vitamins
Fat soluble vitaminsFat soluble vitamins
Fat soluble vitamins
 
Vit A and vit a deficiencydisorders.pptx
Vit A and vit a deficiencydisorders.pptxVit A and vit a deficiencydisorders.pptx
Vit A and vit a deficiencydisorders.pptx
 
fat soluble vitamins
fat soluble vitaminsfat soluble vitamins
fat soluble vitamins
 
Fat Soluble Vitamins- A,D
Fat Soluble Vitamins- A,DFat Soluble Vitamins- A,D
Fat Soluble Vitamins- A,D
 
Vitamin A
Vitamin AVitamin A
Vitamin A
 
Indian nutrition scenario
Indian nutrition scenarioIndian nutrition scenario
Indian nutrition scenario
 
Vit a and vit a deficiency disorders
Vit a and vit a deficiency disordersVit a and vit a deficiency disorders
Vit a and vit a deficiency disorders
 
Vitamin a deficiency HYPERVITAMINOSIS A
Vitamin a deficiency HYPERVITAMINOSIS AVitamin a deficiency HYPERVITAMINOSIS A
Vitamin a deficiency HYPERVITAMINOSIS A
 
Nutrition In Pregnancy
Nutrition In PregnancyNutrition In Pregnancy
Nutrition In Pregnancy
 
Fat soluble vitamins_ Dr. Sonia
Fat soluble vitamins_ Dr. SoniaFat soluble vitamins_ Dr. Sonia
Fat soluble vitamins_ Dr. Sonia
 
Nutrition in-children
Nutrition in-childrenNutrition in-children
Nutrition in-children
 
Nutrition in-children vitamins deficiency
Nutrition in-children vitamins deficiencyNutrition in-children vitamins deficiency
Nutrition in-children vitamins deficiency
 
Vitamin A : Functions, Sources & Deficiency
Vitamin A : Functions, Sources & DeficiencyVitamin A : Functions, Sources & Deficiency
Vitamin A : Functions, Sources & Deficiency
 
Osteoporosis, Osteomalacia, Paget's disease
Osteoporosis, Osteomalacia, Paget's diseaseOsteoporosis, Osteomalacia, Paget's disease
Osteoporosis, Osteomalacia, Paget's disease
 
Miracle
MiracleMiracle
Miracle
 
Vitamin A deficiency,by,Dr.M.Mahboob
Vitamin A deficiency,by,Dr.M.MahboobVitamin A deficiency,by,Dr.M.Mahboob
Vitamin A deficiency,by,Dr.M.Mahboob
 
Fat soluble vitamins
Fat soluble vitaminsFat soluble vitamins
Fat soluble vitamins
 
Vitamin a
Vitamin aVitamin a
Vitamin a
 
VITAMIN A.pptx
VITAMIN A.pptxVITAMIN A.pptx
VITAMIN A.pptx
 

Dernier

Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...
(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...
(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...parulsinha
 
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...aartirawatdelhi
 
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Ramamurthy Nagar ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For G...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Ramamurthy Nagar ⟟  9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For G...Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Ramamurthy Nagar ⟟  9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For G...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Ramamurthy Nagar ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For G...narwatsonia7
 
Top Rated Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...
Top Rated  Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...Top Rated  Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...
Top Rated Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...chandars293
 
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Ge...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟  9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Ge...Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟  9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Ge...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Ge...narwatsonia7
 
Mumbai ] (Call Girls) in Mumbai 10k @ I'm VIP Independent Escorts Girls 98333...
Mumbai ] (Call Girls) in Mumbai 10k @ I'm VIP Independent Escorts Girls 98333...Mumbai ] (Call Girls) in Mumbai 10k @ I'm VIP Independent Escorts Girls 98333...
Mumbai ] (Call Girls) in Mumbai 10k @ I'm VIP Independent Escorts Girls 98333...Ishani Gupta
 
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any Time
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any TimeTop Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any Time
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any TimeCall Girls Delhi
 
Call Girl In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 💋 Call Out Call Both With High p...
Call Girl In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 💋 Call Out Call Both With High p...Call Girl In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 💋 Call Out Call Both With High p...
Call Girl In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 💋 Call Out Call Both With High p...chetankumar9855
 
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...Sheetaleventcompany
 
Call Girls Raipur Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Raipur Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Raipur Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Raipur Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableGENUINE ESCORT AGENCY
 
Call Girls Ahmedabad Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ahmedabad Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Ahmedabad Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ahmedabad Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableGENUINE ESCORT AGENCY
 
Premium Bangalore Call Girls Jigani Dail 6378878445 Escort Service For Hot Ma...
Premium Bangalore Call Girls Jigani Dail 6378878445 Escort Service For Hot Ma...Premium Bangalore Call Girls Jigani Dail 6378878445 Escort Service For Hot Ma...
Premium Bangalore Call Girls Jigani Dail 6378878445 Escort Service For Hot Ma...tanya dube
 
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 9332606886 𖠋 Will You Mis...
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 9332606886 𖠋 Will You Mis...The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 9332606886 𖠋 Will You Mis...
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 9332606886 𖠋 Will You Mis...chandars293
 
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Majestic ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Majestic ⟟  9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Majestic ⟟  9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Majestic ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...narwatsonia7
 
Call Girls Kakinada Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Kakinada Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Kakinada Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Kakinada Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Call Girls Rishikesh Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Rishikesh Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Rishikesh Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Rishikesh Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Top Rated Hyderabad Call Girls Chintal ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Se...
Top Rated  Hyderabad Call Girls Chintal ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Se...Top Rated  Hyderabad Call Girls Chintal ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Se...
Top Rated Hyderabad Call Girls Chintal ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Se...chandars293
 
Russian Call Girls Lucknow Just Call 👉👉7877925207 Top Class Call Girl Service...
Russian Call Girls Lucknow Just Call 👉👉7877925207 Top Class Call Girl Service...Russian Call Girls Lucknow Just Call 👉👉7877925207 Top Class Call Girl Service...
Russian Call Girls Lucknow Just Call 👉👉7877925207 Top Class Call Girl Service...adilkhan87451
 
Trichy Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Trichy Escort Service Available
Trichy Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Trichy Escort Service AvailableTrichy Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Trichy Escort Service Available
Trichy Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Trichy Escort Service AvailableGENUINE ESCORT AGENCY
 

Dernier (20)

Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...
(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...
(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...
 
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...
 
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Ramamurthy Nagar ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For G...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Ramamurthy Nagar ⟟  9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For G...Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Ramamurthy Nagar ⟟  9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For G...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Ramamurthy Nagar ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For G...
 
Top Rated Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...
Top Rated  Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...Top Rated  Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...
Top Rated Hyderabad Call Girls Erragadda ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine ...
 
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Ge...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟  9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Ge...Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟  9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Ge...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Ge...
 
Mumbai ] (Call Girls) in Mumbai 10k @ I'm VIP Independent Escorts Girls 98333...
Mumbai ] (Call Girls) in Mumbai 10k @ I'm VIP Independent Escorts Girls 98333...Mumbai ] (Call Girls) in Mumbai 10k @ I'm VIP Independent Escorts Girls 98333...
Mumbai ] (Call Girls) in Mumbai 10k @ I'm VIP Independent Escorts Girls 98333...
 
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any Time
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any TimeTop Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any Time
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any Time
 
Call Girl In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 💋 Call Out Call Both With High p...
Call Girl In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 💋 Call Out Call Both With High p...Call Girl In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 💋 Call Out Call Both With High p...
Call Girl In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 💋 Call Out Call Both With High p...
 
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030} ❤️VVIP RIDDHI Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...
 
Call Girls Raipur Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Raipur Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Raipur Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Raipur Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Call Girls Ahmedabad Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ahmedabad Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Ahmedabad Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ahmedabad Just Call 9630942363 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Premium Bangalore Call Girls Jigani Dail 6378878445 Escort Service For Hot Ma...
Premium Bangalore Call Girls Jigani Dail 6378878445 Escort Service For Hot Ma...Premium Bangalore Call Girls Jigani Dail 6378878445 Escort Service For Hot Ma...
Premium Bangalore Call Girls Jigani Dail 6378878445 Escort Service For Hot Ma...
 
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 9332606886 𖠋 Will You Mis...
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 9332606886 𖠋 Will You Mis...The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 9332606886 𖠋 Will You Mis...
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 9332606886 𖠋 Will You Mis...
 
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Majestic ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Majestic ⟟  9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Majestic ⟟  9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Majestic ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...
 
Call Girls Kakinada Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Kakinada Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Kakinada Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Kakinada Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Call Girls Rishikesh Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Rishikesh Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Rishikesh Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Rishikesh Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Top Rated Hyderabad Call Girls Chintal ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Se...
Top Rated  Hyderabad Call Girls Chintal ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Se...Top Rated  Hyderabad Call Girls Chintal ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Se...
Top Rated Hyderabad Call Girls Chintal ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Se...
 
Russian Call Girls Lucknow Just Call 👉👉7877925207 Top Class Call Girl Service...
Russian Call Girls Lucknow Just Call 👉👉7877925207 Top Class Call Girl Service...Russian Call Girls Lucknow Just Call 👉👉7877925207 Top Class Call Girl Service...
Russian Call Girls Lucknow Just Call 👉👉7877925207 Top Class Call Girl Service...
 
Trichy Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Trichy Escort Service Available
Trichy Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Trichy Escort Service AvailableTrichy Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Trichy Escort Service Available
Trichy Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Trichy Escort Service Available
 

Vitamin a

  • 2. β carotene All-trans retinol retinal All-trans retinal retinol Visual cycle retinyl esters Retinoic acid retinyl palmitate Nuclear receptor
  • 4. LIFE STAGE DAILY REQUIRMENT ( μg/day) Infants 0-6 months 400 7-12 months 500 Children 1-3yr 300 4-8yr 400 Males 9-13yr 600 >13yr 900 Females 9-13yr 600 >13yr 700 Pregnancy 750 Lactation 1200
  • 5. Vitamin A deficiency WHO CLASSIFICATION OF XEROPTHALMIA XN Night blindness (nyctalopia) X1A Conjunctival Xerosis X1B Bitot’s spots X2 Corneal Xerosis X3A Corneal ulceration (<1/3rd) X3B Corneal ulceration(>1/3rd ) XS Corneal scar XF Xeropthalmic fundi
  • 8. Other manifestations Skin and Epithelial cells: Phrynoderma/toad skin Keratinization of GI,respiratory and urogenital tracts Reproductive system: Degeneration of germinal epithelium- infertility Growth retardation
  • 10. Hypervitaminosis A Symptoms and signs: Fatigue,malaise,anorexia,vomiting,headache and diplopia Dermatitis Skeletal decalcification Tenderness of long bones Hepatomegaly
  • 12. Treatment Children 1-6 yr and above • Immediately on diagnosis - 2 lakh IU • Following day - 2 lakh IU • Four weeks later - 2 lakh IU Children <1yr and <8kg(at any age) • <6 months - 50,000 IU • 6-12 months - 1 lakh IU For night blindness and Bitot spots Daily dose( 2 wks) -10,000 IU
  • 13. Prevention National Prophylaxis Vitamin A Program Ministry of Health and Family Welfare • Children(1-5 yr) - 2 lakh IU, every 6 months • 9 months – 1 lakh IU • 15 months – 2 lakh IU