The document discusses a study on urban food security across three cities - Addis Ababa, Johannesburg, and Windhoek. It finds that in Addis Ababa, 41% of respondents engage in urban agriculture, mostly in peripheral areas, and about a quarter raise livestock. In Johannesburg, there was no evidence of urban agriculture due to obstacles like water access and land tenure issues. In Windhoek, urban agriculture also did not provide a significant food source. The study also found that food access had worsened for informal migrants in Johannesburg and that households caring for orphans in Windhoek were vulnerable to hunger. Common coping strategies for food shortage included taking loans, doing extra work, and relying on friends and