2. Contents Introduction Definition of Black English Origin & History Features Phonological Features Syntactic Features Lexical Features UsefulExpression
4. Definition of Black English Ebonics Black English African-American Vernacular English Negro Dialect Negro Non-Standard English Non-Standard Negro English : NNE
5. Origin Genetic Inferiority Acknowledged until 1930 With no expertise, reflecting its time Nonstandard English Dialect of the British in the early New World Cultural DeprivationTheory Lack of language made by chances of language activity Creole Artificial Means by African slaves -> Pidgin
6. History Pidgin English A slave ship from Dutch arrived in Jamestown, Virginia in 1619 The slaves needed a means of communication– Lingua Franca Plantation Creole Blacks acquired the Pidgin English as a mother language Southern East of America
7. History Black English Influence on language and life of white people -> New words until 1930 Ex) jazz, jelly roll, blues, sugar, bad Civil rights of Black after World War ll Generalization of “black” Judged as a independent language system Ann Arbor Court, Michigan in 1979 Named Afro-American English Pidgin English - Plantation Creole - Nigger English – Negrodialect - Black English - Afro American English
8. Features Phonological Features 1. The Deletion of /r/ Ex 1) court - caught, guard - god Ex 2) from - f’om, protect - p’otect, tradition - t’adition Ex 3) carol - cal, pairs - pass, parrot – pat Ex 4) It is you bag, This is you seat, She is they mother *It is I book, *That is she mother
10. Features Phonological Features 3. The Simplification of Final Consonant Clusters Ex 1) bed - /be/, cost - /cos/, desk - /des/, hand - /han/ Ex2) dropped – drop, hanged – hang, killed - kill Ex 3) toad - toe Ex 4) clasps – classes, confest – confesses, desk - desses
11. Features Phonological Features 4. The Change of Sounds - Consonants Ex 1) that - dat them - dem death - deaf Ruth - roof
12. Features Phonological Features 4. The Change of Sounds - Vowels /ai/ /ou/->/æ/ find - /fænd/, like – /læk/, nice - /næs/, ride - /ræd/ /oi/ -> /oə/ boy - /boə/, joy - /joə/ /ing/ -> /ang/ sing - /sang/, thing - /thang/
13. Features Phonological Features 4. The Change of Sounds - Vowels /e/ -> /i/ get - /git/, hemp - /him/, pen - /pin/, ten - /tin/ Monophthongization beer – bear boil – ball poor – pour a Nasal Vowel run, rum, rung - /ru/
14. Features Syntactic Features 1. The Deletion of Copula Ex 1) he is > he’s > he they are > they’re > they * I a boy * I happy
15. Features Syntactic Features 2. The Deletion of Suffixes Ex 1) She eat, He go, It work Ex 2) She have a car, He have a house, She do shopping Ex 3) The boy shoes, It be Jimmy son, My mom clothes
16. Features Syntactic Features 3. Double Negative Ex 1) I don’t like to drink nothing You don’t know nothing He didn’t care nothing Ex 2) Doesn’t nobody do such a stupid thing Can’t nobody do nothing about that matter Wasn’t nobody feeling guilty about that Didn’t nobody do it
17. Features Syntactic Features 4. Indirect Question Ex 1) I asked him where did he go that day I don’t know what did she do in highschool I like to know what is it
18. Features Syntactic Features 5. Etc There is – It is It's no money in my pockets. It's no possibility for me to give up on her. It's no money left to buy booze. steady - used as an adverb Ricky be steady stepping in them. Your mind is steady working. Her brother be rapping steady.
19. Features Lexical Features Slang motherfucker, give a shut, kick some’s ass, shit Calling white honkie, whitey, white boy, peckerwood Unity – Exclusion bro, brother, cuz, sister, homboy *Uncle Tom, house nigger, Aunt-Jemuna New Expressions bust a pose, check the bible, home slice
20. Useful Expression Yo What’s up? Don’t be dissing me! For real Homes Nigga (Niggro) G
