3. Smart Grid Communications
The U.S. Department of Energy assigns the
following characteristics to smart grid:
Self-healing from power disturbance events
Enabling active participation by consumers in
demand response
Operating resiliently against physical and cyber
attack
Providing power quality for 21st century needs
Accommodating all generation and storage options
Enabling new products, services, and markets; and
Optimizing assets and operating efficiently
Communications allow for secure, two-way, high-
speed communications
4. CII and Meter Wireless Potential
Utility AMI type Meters Year Status
Kansas City Power and Light Fixed RF 473,863.00 1996 Contracted
Puget Sound Energy Fixed RF 1,325,000.00 1997 Contracted
Exelon (PECO) Fixed RF 2,100,000.00 1999 Contracted
United Illuminating (CT) Fixed RF 320,000.00 1999 Contracted
Austin Energy Fixed RF 125,864.00 2002 Contracted
WE Energies (WI) Fixed RF 1,000,000.00 2002 Contracted
Colorado Springs Fixed RF 400,000.00 2005 Contracted
Chathum Kent Fixed RF 100,000.00 2006 Contracted
City of Seattle Fixed RF 400,000.00 2006 Contracted
Southern Company Fixed RF 35,000.00 2006 Contracted
Critical Assets by Vertical Industry
Total Assets by Vertical Industry Arizona Public Service Fixed RF 800,000.00 2007 Utility plans
Austin Energy Fixed RF 230,000.00 2007 Contracted
1,200,000
Consumers Energy Fixed RF 1,700,000.00 2007 Utility plans
Duke Energy in Kentucky Fixed RF 250,000.00 2007 Utility plans
1,000,000
1,027,287
Florida Power and Light Fixed RF 100,000.00 2007 Contracted
Number of Assets
800,000 Hawaiian Electric Company Fixed RF 3,000.00 2007 Contracted
Northeast Utilities Fixed RF 1,181,880.00 2007 Filed AMI plan
600,000
Southern California Edison Fixed RF 4,475,000.00 2007 Filed AMI plan
534,327
529,168
WE Energies (WI) Fixed RF 100,000.00 2007 Contracted
400,000
418,620
Xcel Energy Fixed RF 710,000.00 2007 Contracted
312,473
294,351
200,000
Anaheim Utilities Fixed RF 110,635.00 2008 Utility plans
Pepco Holdings Fixed RF 1,830,000.00 2008 Filed AMI plan
-
Electric Oil Gas Water Mining Others CenterPoint Fixed RF and BPL 1,900,000.00 2006 Contracted
Total RF 19,670,242.00
BGE TBD 1,000,000.00 2007 Filed AMI plan
DTE Energy TBD 1,300,000.00 2007 Utility plans
Tallahassee city of TBD 107,780.00 2007 Utility plans
Utilities active in market TBD 3,960,000.00 2007 Market Activity
American Electric Power TBD 4,730,000.00 2008 Utility plans
Consolidated Edison TBD 1,900,000.00 2008 Utility plans
CPS Energy TBD 627,210.00 2008 Utility plans
Explosive Growth in Wireless Duke Energy in NC TBD 2,200,000.00 2008 Filed AMI plan
Energy East TBD 1,229,788.00 2008 Filed AMI plan
Deployment Florida Power and Light TBD 3,900,000.00 2008 Pilot Ongoing
Hawaiian Electric Company TBD 291,580.00 2008 Pilot Ongoing
Portland General TBD 775,000.00 2008 Filed AMI plan
San Diego Gas and Electric TBD 1,300,000.00 2008 Filed AMI plan
Central Vermont Public Service TBD 175,000.00 2010 Utility plans
Total RF and TBD 43,166,600.00
Source: FERC, Assessment of Demand Response & Advanced Metering: Staff Report, Docket No. AD06-2, August 7, 2007
15. Smart Grid Communication
IP Addressing, VLANs and VPNs
10.100.1.0/24 10.200.1.0/24
216.244.114.67
10.200.1.0/24
Transmission Customer Owned Local Direct
Lines Transmission Distribution Customer
Corporate HQ Generation
Station
216.244.114.67
10.200.1.0/24
Transformer Municipal Local
Station Station Distribution Center
10.300.1.0/24
Customer Service Distribution
AN Network Management
IT / Admin / Security Transmission Engineering
•Options: logical IP segregation by Region or Technology
:VLAN segregation by “network”: security, users, network management
18. Network Interoperability
Arcadian Networks’
700 MHz Base Station
Workorder
VOIP AVL / GIS TMR Management
Energy
Management Transmission Substation Distribution AMI
System Automation Automation Automation
19. ROM: Coverage / Capacity
..ExcelArcadian Networks Sol Template - UTC.xls
Bits Based System Utilization (1 minute granularity)
15.81%
12.94%
Total Payload 11.97%
84.19%
87.06%
Available for VoIP 88.03%
0.09%
0.01%
HAN (Scenario 2) 0.01%
2.45%
0.48%
Distribution Automation 0.48%
3.38%
2.71%
SUBSTATIONS 2.71%
3.50%
3.44%
Transfer Switches 3.44%
% Capacity Utilized (Transactions + Polling)
3.60%
3.55%
Switches 3.55% ` % Capacity Utilized (Raw Bits + Polling)
0.0004%
0.0004%
Recloser % Capacity Utilized (Raw ELECCO Bits ONLY)
0.0004%
0.0006%
0.0006%
Regulators 0.0006%
0.0023%
..DatarateOVERtimeREV5.1.xls
0.0023%
Capacitor Bank 0.0023%
2.79%
2.75%
Data Rate Total/m (AMI) 1.77%
100.00%
100.00%
Data Rate/V/m 100.00%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Bandwidth : Range Tradeoff Channel Size : Data Rate Tradeoff
20. Application profiling examples
27 end-point locations studied
SCADA
EMS poll data rate: 254bps
Average RTU response: 192bps
Average SCADA response payload: 30 bytes
ranging from 0 to 187 bytes
Largest RTU (analog and status points): sent and received 317KB over
a one hour period.
Direct Meter Reading
Average number of bytes sent and received during meter read: 24KB
Average meter poll data rate: 1019bps
Average meter response data rate: 3916bps
Response duration of 38 seconds
Transaction/sec. & legacy connections must be considered
Courtesy of Great River Energy
22. Radio Design
Coverage analysis
Uses lat/long, available tower height
Propagation models use current, high resolution terrain
and multi-factor clutter
Tune propagation models to local environment
Signal test where appropriate
Evaluate wide-area coverage and individual path
profiles to mitigate obstruction and clearance issues
Conduct pre-deployment site visits to evaluate site
integration and mechanical designs
28. Gemini G3 700 MHz
● 128 Kbps Speed; 50KHz Channel
● Standard Ethernet 10/100BaseT RJ-45 Automatic MDIX
● Two RS232 Ports Can Act as Terminal Server
● Secure with AES 128 Encryption
● Adjustable 10 to 30 Watt Output
● Dual Receivers Producing the Parallel Decode Advantage
● Embedded Web Server Provides Browser Access for Configuration and Network Parameters
● Over-the-Air Programmable
● SNMP Network Management
● Packets are embedded with GPS Data (Out-of-Band)
31. Generation & Transmission Customer Profile
Great River Energy’s Business Objectives
Improve EMS communications to substations
Build foundation to support BlackStart
Increase load management reliability
Provide improved reliability of mobile radio network (failsafe
“last resort”)
Provide diverse redundancy at generating stations (both
baseload and peaking)
Build foundation for recoverability of company operations at
another company (backup) site
31
32. GREs Solution Approach: Arcadian 700 MHz
High speed broadband technology
Always on
High Speed
Routable
Low latency
High Capacity
Integrated network solution
Licensed, standards-based solution
Commercial off the shelf technology
Available “hot spots” or access points
High levels of reliability, maintainability and manageability
Able to expand and re-configure
36. GRE CPE ACTIVITY
CPE Activity
~600 total CPE sites in plan
>526 sites installed
~500 with meters connected
100+ RTUs active
100+ distribution Coop connections
Balance of sites planned for 2008
Courtesy of Great River Energy
36
39. Data Integration Examples
Multi-vendor environment
SCADA RTUs
Meters: MV90 and real time
Load management transmitters: one-way
SEL 2030 interface to relays
VoIP Phone
WiFi Access Point
AMR/AMI Backhaul – PLC, wireless
Remote Generators (customer premises)
Security (video, card key access)
39
•Courtesy of Great River Energy
42. Connexus Energy
Challenge:
Converted from 900MHz substation comms due to
reliability and interference challenges. Moved 900MHz
resources to point-to-point applications in the field.
Approach:
Began installation of Arcadian 700MHz for distribution
substation communications in Q1 2007. Deployment
ongoing.
Application:
Supporting SCADA/RTU comms and critical peak load
control voltage management program with GRE.
Expand use for 2-way advanced metering back-haul.
Deployed remote control capability for utility managed
generators customer premises
Enabled VOIP connectivity in substations
Results:
20 substations live with ongoing roll out underway as
substation data concentrator and SCADA upgrades occur
across system.
Communication reliability improved from mid 80’s to
99.9%
Courtesy of Connexus Energy
43. Crow Wing Power
Challenge:
Install a cost-effective broadband network connectivity to substations across a
wide geographic service territory.
Support reliable and dedicated connectivity for two-way advanced metering power
line carrier communication backhaul and load control applications.
Approach:
Began installation of Arcadian 700MHz modems for distribution substation
communications in Q3 2007. Deployment ongoing.
Application:
Supporting high speed comms for critical peak load control voltage management
program with GRE.
Expanded capability and reliability for 2-way advanced metering back-haul and
Landis+Gyr PLC AMI application.
Results:
Zero weather related outages: Improved reliability and connectivity even during
Winter 2008 blizzard snow storm conditions.
Communications foundation for additional smart grid applications planned.
Courtesy of Crow Wing Power
