1. Chapter 4 Newton’s First Law of Migration: The Gravity Model

2. Places are connected through spatial interaction ideas information money products people (p. 88)

3. Figure 4.1 (p. 89) Migration A permanent change in residence to outside one’s community of origin. Occurs at various spatial scales: rural-to-urban urban-to-urban global (between countries)

4. Factors of Place Desirability (p. 88) Less-desirable places More-desirable places

5. remittances immigration = migration across an international border

6. refugees immigrate unwillingly due to persecution in their home country (a PUSH factor ) PUSH factors PULL factors other better job pleasant physical setting affordable housing desirable climate proximity to family high housing costs traffic gridlock rising crime rates high tax rates poor climate undesirable job

7. Migrant Selectivity Figure 4.2 (p. 90)

8. Distance Decay Figure 4.3 (p. 91)

9. Migration Streams Figure 4.4 (p. 92)

10. Migration Streams & Counterstreams Figure 4.5 (p. 93) Ten Largest Domestic Migration Streams of Persons Born in Cuba Ten Largest Domestic Migration Streams of Persons Born in Mexico

11. Gravity Model (p. 95)

12. Figure 4.6 (p. 95) Migration to California

13. Mobility • Part of American experience • Mobility is high in developed countries with immigrant background • Migration in the past as a predictor of future migration .

14. U.S. Mobility Rates Figure 4.8 (p. 98)

15. Largest interstate migration streams Figures 4.9 (p. 99)

16. Net migration rates by state Figures 4.10 (p. 99)

17. • Regional and sub-regional shifts in population • Net migration • Migration patterns reflect: - location of states - historical patterns of movement - changing economic geography - perceptions about places

18. Name That Key Term

19. A person who is outside his or her country due to a well-founded fear of persecution and who is unable or unwilling to return. Refugee A permanent change in residence to outside one’s community of origin. Migration A move across international borders. Movements of ideas, information, money, products, and people between places. Spatial Interaction Immigration A well-defined migration channel from a specific origin to a particular destination. Migration Stream Migration that runs opposite to a migration stream. Migration Counterstream

20. Reasons to move from a particular place. Push Factors Reasons to move to a particular place. Pull Factors The percentage gain or loss of population due to migration. It is calculated as in-migrants minus out-migrants divided by the total population, all times 100. Positive numbers indicate net gain; negative numbers indicate net loss. Net Migration Rate The tendency for certain types of people to migrate. Age, education, and other sociodemographic characteristics are ________ ________ factors. Migration Selectivity Money sent by immigrants from host country to home country. Remittances

21. A point on a scatter diagram that is roughly in line with the main trend but is separated from the main group of points because of its very high or low value. Extreme Value A scatter of dots showing the relationship between two variables. Each dot on the graph represents the x and y coordinates of a different observation or case. Scatter Diagram A model to predict spatial interaction, where size (population) is directly related to interaction and distance is inversely related to interaction. Gravity Model

22. The declining intensity of an activity with increasing distance from its point of origin. Distance Decay The difference between an actual observed value of some variable and its predicted value using the gravity model. Residuals Point on a scatter diagram that lies far off the trend line. ________ on the graph correspond to cases that are poorly predicted by the model. ________ are not to be confused with extreme values, which may lie far from any other point but which are still close to the best-fitting line. Outlier

23. Newton’s First Law of Migration: The Gravity Model Chapter 4 Case Study

24. After completing this chapter, you will be able to: • Apply principles of spatial interaction to patterns of movement. • Identify the major source areas for migration to your state. • Use functions of a spreadsheet. • Produce and interpret a scatter diagram. • Discriminate between positive and negative residuals. • Identify outliers on a scatter diagram. • Think critically about models in human geography.

25. Activity 1: Predicting Migration with the Gravity Model

26.  Online Activity

27. Activity 2: Scatter Diagram Online Activity

28. Figure 4.11 (p. 105)

29. Figure 4.12 (p. 106)

30. Activity 3: Residual Map Online Activity

32. Newton’s First Law of Migration: The Gravity Model Chapter 4 Case Study Canadian Examples

33. Online Activity

34. Activity 2: Scatter Diagram Online Activity

35. Activity 3: Residual Map Online Activity