Domestic electrical systems

Domestic Electrical Systems Core source of energy in modern developed societies

Overview of unit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What is electricity? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Charges in an atom -ve electrons +ve nucleus In a neutral atom, the number of positive charges in the nucleus equals the number of negative electrons orbiting it

Electrical potential ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Lightning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],-ve -ve -ve -ve -ve -ve -ve -ve -ve -ve +ve +ve +ve +ve +ve +ve +ve +ve +ve +ve +ve -ve -ve -ve -ve -ve -ve -ve -ve -ve -ve -ve -ve -ve -ve -ve -ve -ve -ve -ve -ve

What is an electrical circuit? ,[object Object],-ve +ve supply Energy converter (light bulb, CD player, tumble drier etc.) conductor conductor The potential difference between positive and negative is measured in VOLTS Flow of –ve electrons, the current

Controlling a circuit by breaking it -ve +ve Conductor: The most suitable, domestically, is copper. Silver is best, but too expensive. Aluminium is used in overhead cables because it is light. -ve +ve Circuit closed, current flows Circuit broken, no current switch

Units of electricity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Domestic electricity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How is electricity generated? ,[object Object],A rotor, bound with copper wire, is spun between strong magnets. This induces an electrical current in the wires. This spinning rotor is at the core of all major electrical power generation

All use rotating generators Hydro power Nuclear power Tidal power Wind power

How is electricity distributed? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

High voltage power distribution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

AC~DC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

AC power supply in principle Live wire: voltage change from -240V to +240 volts Neutral wire: voltage constant at 0 volts Current alternates direction 50 times per second, 50Herz When an electrical unit hums, it does so at a tone of 50Herz

Domestic electrical systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Domestic control systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Live wire Neutral wire fuse switch

Ring mains ,[object Object],Switch here Live ring Neutral ring Earth ring -240V>+240V 0V

Safety ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Insulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ring main cable Appliance cable

Fuses and circuit breakers ,[object Object],[object Object]

Circuit breakers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Earthing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Earth leakage detection ,[object Object],[object Object],Metal casing Neutral wire Live wire Electrical device

Double insulation ,[object Object],[object Object]

Regulation of electrical systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Domestic electrical systems

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Domestic electrical systems