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- 1. 1 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 2. How to Integrate Cloud
Applications with Oracle
SOA Suite
Rajesh Raheja
Sr. Director, Product Management
Oracle Fusion Middleware Business Integration
Geeta Pyne
Director – Middleware @RahejaRajesh
BMC Software
2 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. #oow CON8968
- 3. Safe Harbor Statement
The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended
for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract.
It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should
not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release,
and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle s products
remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.
3 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 4. Program Agenda
§ Planning for Cloud Integration Projects
§ Cloud Integration Implementation Considerations
§ Case Study: Cloud Integrations @BMC
4 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 5. Planning for Cloud
Integration Projects
5 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 6. Is This Your Cloud Integration Architecture?
Social Media &
PaaS other Cloud
V2010.04
Application Platforms
Cloud SaaS
Services V19.0
CRM V20.0
V2012.09
Release5
V2
Firewall
Enterprise Gateway
û No strategic IT vision
û Brittle, difficult to upgrade
Customer Credit Inventory
û No centralized monitoring Status Check
Production Payroll Order
Check
û Scattered security policies R11.5.10 V7.8 V4.6 V8.9 Release3 R12.1
û No clear accountability
û Lack of audits/compliance On-Premise
Legacy Applications
û Varied skill set needs
6 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 7. Integration Is Complex Because There are No
Standards for Functional API Semantics!
Technical Standards Functional Standards
ü HTTP Semantic Interoperability
ü SSL Customizations, Rules
ü SOAP AuthN e.g. Login/Session
ü WSDL AuthZ e.g. RBAC
ü XML/XSD QoS message delivery
ü REST API Patterns
SaaS API
ü JSON Query APIs Style
ü SAML # of Apps / SDKs / ISV/Partner APIs
ü WS-*
Instances /
Releases
X Mobile
Clients
Data Integration Strategy
7 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 8. The Hype of “Simple SaaS Integrations” Leads
to Integration Headaches
8 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 9. Plan for Cloud Integration as any Application
Integration Project
Data Model Differences Functional Configuration Design Time Governance
• Data attribution • Setup structure difference • API programming model
• De-normalized hierarchies • Hierarchy structures • Service granularity
• Attribute semantics • Effective dates difference • Canonical data model
• Data striping • Seed data difference • Service SLA/contracts
• Logic and constraints • Locale differences • Quality of Service
Business Process Customization/Extension Non-Functional Setup
• Transaction traceability • Data mapping changes • Identity management
and interface design • Mapping customizations • Role based access control
• Batch vs. transactional • Semantic data extension • Size, frequency of data
• Exception management technologies e.g. KFF • Latency and throughput
• Visibility differences • Process customizations • Response time needs
• Accounting differences
9 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 10. Cloud Integration Challenges are NOT New,
and Neither are the Solutions
Analytics
Business Activity Monitoring
Event Processing
Orchestration
BPEL Process Manager
Business Rules
Service Virtualization & Mediation
Service Bus
Connectivity
Cloud
On-premise
Business to Business
Apps
Services
Platform
Apps
Mainframe
DB
EDI
XML
Industry
10 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 11. Oracle SOA Suite Provides a Mature, Proven
Platform for Cloud Integrations
Guidance & Governance
Foundation Pack
Accelerators
Enterprise Repository
Management & Security
Enterprise SOA Management Web Services Enterprise
Manager
Pack
Manager
Gateway
11 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 12. Cloud Integration
Implementation
Considerations
12 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 13. Top 5 Considerations for Hybrid Cloud
Integration Implementations
Connectivity Flexibility Visibility Security Scalability
• What are the • How can I • How can I • How do I • How do I
best practices minimize gain visibility effectively ensure a
to connect the impact over an manage consistent
with my SaaS of change increasingly security in QoS from
application? in the cloud distributed the cloud? cloud
provider architecture providers
service API that spans and provide
or in my beyond my elasticity to
business enterprise? scale-up or
process? down?
13 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 14. Differences with SaaS API Connectivity
API Characteristics Oracle Fusion Oracle RightNow Salesforce.com
Applications
“Polymorphic” operations No – Simple WS Yes - RNObject Yes - sObject
Session headers X-Tenant-Name ClientInfoHeader sessionID
Authentication mechanisms Username token over Username token over HTTP Login call returns
HTTP or SAML Session ID and
service endpoint
Object query approach Java Style (ADF-BC) SQL Style (ROQL) SQL Style (SOQL)
API optimizations No – Simple WS Single request has multiple No – Simple WS
operations (Batch)
API limitations # of records Configurable 1K Inbound, 10K Outbound 200 Inbound
14 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 15. Substitute Object Type in the Mapping
Contact is an extension of RNObject and has to be substituted in XSL
15 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 16. Set the Web Service Session Header
Tip SOA Suite can update BPEL partnerlink endpoint bindings e.g. after login to Salesforce.com
16 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 17. Challenge: Manage Runtime Change
Social Media &
PaaS other Cloud
V2010.04
Application Platforms
Cloud SaaS
Services V19.0
CRM V20.0
V2012.09
Release5
V2
Firewall
Enterprise Gateway
Customer Credit Inventory
Production Payroll Order
Status Check Check
R11.5.10 V7.8 V4.6 V8.9 Release3 R12.1
On-Premise
Legacy Applications
17 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 18. Solution: Manage Runtime Change in a Hybrid
Cloud Ecosystem using Oracle Service Bus
SaaS Applications Social Media &
Business / Hosted Apps
other Cloud
Trading Partners Oracle On-Demand Platforms
Cloud
Services
Firewall
FLEXIBILITY
ü Location transparency Service Virtualization and Mediation (Oracle Service Bus)
ü Protocol switching
ü Shape transformation Customer Credit Inventory
Production Payroll Order
ü MEP mediation Status Check Check
ü Routing for versioning
ü Policy enforcement On-Premise
Legacy
ü Security mediation Applications
18 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 19. Minimize Change Impact via Loose Coupling
Protect from Version Changes with Oracle Service Bus
Virtualization Pooling
Proxy Business
Service
SOAP
JMS
Oracle REST
Service
Bus
Transport
Switching Routing
19 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 20. Aggregate Services using SOA Composites
Implemented by Oracle BPEL Process Manager
HR Admin Creates View Returned Data
New Employee Record In FlexFields
Update Employee Record
New Hire Event Get Employee Data
A C
BPM
D Create Badge
E Request Credit Card
Laptop Requisition
B
API client needs to poll message submission status
Create coarse-grained services Externalize Business Logic and Business
– Technical service orchestration Rules
– Extend apps and create new value-add apps
20 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 21. SaaS Event Notifications and Call-Outs
Fusion CRM Object Workflow Outbound Message
• Real-time notification of Business Object triggered events
• Sends Business Object payload to a pre-registered URL
(intermediary WS)
Oracle Public Cloud
Cloud
Applications
2. Invoke on-premise
or any other cloud services Fusion CRM Account
1. SOAP call to
On Premise
Applications
Web
Service
on-premise URL Object Workflow Opportunity
Endpoint
Outbound Message
Campaign
On-‐Premise
3. Callbacks via
Business Object web services
21 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 22. Multiple Levels of Defense in the Cloud
First Line Of Second Line Of Last Mile Security
Defense Defense
HTTP, SOAP,
REST*, XML,
3rd Party Partners JMS
& ISV Applications HTTP, SOAP,
Oracle Web
REST*, XML, Web
JMS Services
Services
Manager
Cloud Oracle Oracle Web Oracle
Applications
Enterprise Services Service
Gateway Manager Bus
3rd Party Web
Shared Services Layer
Mobile Services
Applications
WS-Security, • IP Throttling
Basic Auth, • DoS Attacks
Digest,
X509, UNT, • XML Security
SAML, • SQL Injection • Policy based security mediation • Externalize security
Kerberos • Common policy model from service design
Sign & Encrypt • Identity Mapping
Internet DMZ Intranet
22 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 23. Deliver Greater Visibility
20/20 Vision to Manage & Operate Integrations
All-in-one Mgmt Business New Business Activity Integration Dashboard
Console Transaction Mgmt Monitoring (Healthcare)
§ Integrated SOA § SOA Management Pack § Significantly richer BAM, § Pre-built Industry-specific
Infrastructure provides provides monitoring and unified with Event Management
for “end-to-end instance tracing of individual Processing and Dashboards
tracking” across the transactions seamlessly integrated
entire stack with Business
Intelligence
23 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 24. Oracle Enterprise Repository provides
Centralized Visibility and Control for Services
On-premise Public Cloud
Policy
Approval Compliance
Reports
Service
approved
Oracle with this
Applications Enterprise
Organization Cloud Services
Repository`
Agreements
VISIBILITY CONTROL
• Federated view of services across providers • Policy compliance checks before publication
• Dependency and impact analysis • Centralized policies and workflow approvals
• SLA and ROI tracking • Providers can publish to registry/repository
• Real-time service monitoring and management • Service Lifecycle Management
24 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 25. Ensure Scalability for your Cloud Initiatives
It’s not just about tools!
Oracle Service Bus Oracle Enterprise Architecture Design
with Coherence Manager, BTM, BAM
§ SOA Infrastructure § Technical Operations: § Integration Architecture: § API Design: Canonical
optimized with In- End-to-end visibility into Service versus Data versus Direct data
Memory Caching transaction loads Integration structures
Technology § App Design: Maintain § Message Exchange
§ Provisioning: Scale-out
§ Service Pooling and for load with virtual Quality of Service with Patterns: Synchronous
Endpoint Management server assemblies provider variability versus Asynchronous
25 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 27. Agenda
" Role
of
Cloud
Applica;ons
@BMC
" Cloud
Challenges
" Cloud
Integra;on
Architecture
@BMC
" Cloud
Integra;on
:
Requirements
" Use
Cases
- Sales
&
Marke;ng
- Back
Office
produc;vity
" Lessons
Learned
©
Copyright
10/2/12
BMC
SoFware,
Inc
27
- 28. BMC Business Process Model
Role of Cloud Applications
FORECAST
SUPPORT
STRATEGY
CONCEPT
TO
ACCOUNT
HIRE
TO
MARKET
TO
CASH
TO
TO
TO
PLAN
PRODUCT
TO
REPORT
RETIRE
DELIVERY
CONTROL
Corporate
PLM
CRM
ERP
Support
Strategy
PorEolio
Mgmt.
Marke9ng
Automa9on
Procurement
Finance
HR
Services
Gather
Plan
Manage
Ideas
&
Market
Introduce
New
Financial
Workforce
Informa;on
Corporate
and
Execute
Concepts
Products
&
Services
Products
Source
to
Management
Planning
&
Technology
Intelligence
Campaigns
Purchase
Talent
Review
Management
Sales
Automa9on
Manage
Manage
Procure
General
Financial
Selec/ng
Plan
Strategy
Market
&
Product
Manage
Manage
Legal
Sales
Force
to
Pay
Accoun;ng
and
Acquiring
Research
Customer
Opportuni/es
Accounts
Talent
Partner
Management
Customer
Care
Manage
Manage
Audit
&
On-‐Boarding
Manage
Set
Goals
Manage
Manage
Product
Channel
Sales
Compliance
and
Facili;es
Channels
Customer
Care
PorXolio
Assimila/on
Services
Align
Manage
Product
Manage
Manage
Manage
Treasury
Managing
Organiza;on
Lifecycle
Professional
Educa/on
Opera;ons
and
Service
Desk
Service
Services
Rewarding
Performance
Order
Management
Developing
Manage
Technology
Process
Management
Asset
Management
Manage
Plan
Manage
and
Retaining
Alliances
Product
and
Process
Orders
Accoun;ng
Talent
Fulfill
orders
Pricing
Data
Quotes
Product
Dev.
Manage
Manage
Manage
Manage
Manage
Licenses
&
Manage
Informa;on
Projects
Billing
Receivables
En;tlements
Contracts
Develop
and
Planned
Cloud
On-‐Premise
Current
Planned
Test
SoYware
Subscribed
Transi/on
to
Tbd
Target
Service
Cloud
Services
Service
Cloud
12+
Mos.
Service
6-‐12
Mos.
©
Copyright
10/2/12
BMC
SoFware,
Inc
28
- 29. BMC SaaS Implementations
Application Functionality Number of Seats
Salesforce.com Sales Pipeline and Forecast Management 1,800
Eloqua Marketing 1,000
Open Air (NetSuite) Professional Services 600
Success Factors Employee Performance & Development 5,800
40,000
View Central (Rainmaker) Education Services
(annual registrations)
Rally Product Development 3,000
Cornerstone Employee Training 6,600
Clickability BMC.com Content Management 300
Fieldglass Contingent Worker Management Unlimited
Peoplefluent New Employee Recruitment 6,600
Recently
Implemented:
iOffice,
SFDC
ChaLer,
Cloud
9,
ApLus
©
Copyright
10/2/12
BMC
SoFware,
Inc
29
- 30. Cloud
Challenges
" Security
- How
do
we
leverage
on
premise
Authen;ca;on
model
for
SaaS
" Integra;on
- Business
Process
spans
across
one
or
more
SaaS
and
on
premise
applica;ons
- SaaS
needs
to
be
part
of
the
bigger
eco-‐system
and
play
well
- SaaS
needs
to
be
integrated
with
other
apps
and
databases
with
accepted
performance
" Business
Process
- Get
BUs
to
agree
on
how
they
want
SaaS
apps
configured….i.e.
driving
them
to
common
processes
" Data
Governance
- Master
Data,
data
governance
@BMC,
we
have
implemented
at
least
one
new
SaaS
app
per
quarter
since
the
first
calendar
quarter
of
2009
©
Copyright
10/2/12
BMC
SoFware,
Inc
30
- 31. Cloud
Integra;on
:
Conceptual
Architecture
q 70%
of
Business
on
Cloud
q Oracle
Middleware
is
the
Enterprise
Integra;on
Plaaorm
q Reusable
Services
and
Canonicals
q OSB
for
end
point
virtualiza;on
q Custom
J2EE
framework
for
REST;
POC
using
OSB
q CLEO
VLTrader
used
for
bulk
data
integra;on
q Security
via
LB,
IPS/IDS,
Applica;on
Firewall
q EvaluaCng
SaaS
connectors
©
Copyright
10/2/12
BMC
SoFware,
Inc
31
- 32. Cloud
Integra;on
:
Requirements
Security,
Performance,
Reliability,
Availability
" Applica;on/Data
Integra;on
(Outbound
and
Inbound)
- Request/Reply
(Synchronous
&
Asynchronous
)
- Pub/Sub
(JMS)
- API
:
RESTful,
SOAP,
HTTP/POX
" Bulk
Data
Integra;on
(Outbound
and
Inbound)
- Secure
File
transfer
(Various
formats)
- Transforma;on
and
Data
introspec;on
coupled
with
SFTP
" Security
- HTTPS
- Basic
authen;ca;on
- Custom
Header
for
OpenAir,
WS-‐Security
for
CSOD
or
Custom
Header
for
CSOD
- OAuth
(in
POC
with
SFDC)
" Reprocessing/Resending
- Guaranteed
delivery
&
once
and
only
once
- Queuing
to
handle
non
availability
of
SaaS
services
(outages)
" Performance
&
SLA
- Delivered
within
expected
response
;me
©
Copyright
10/2/12
BMC
SoFware,
Inc
32
- 33. Use
cases
:
Enabling
Sales,
Marke;ng
and
Back
office
" Configure,
Price,
Quote
:
Apius
&
SFDC
- Provide
an
online
and
mobile
guided
selling
tool
to
automate
the
configura;on,
pricing
and
quo;ng
process
and
enable
up-‐sell/cross-‐sell
" Office
space
management
:
iOffice
- Automate
office
space
planning
and
reloca;on
management
" Employee
Onboarding
- Provide
Employee
informa;on
to
SaaS
including
auto
provisioning
" Marke;ng
Automa;on
:
Lead
Lifecycle
Management
:
Eloqua
&
SFDC
- Marke;ng,
Campaign,
Lead
and
Contact
Management
" Learning
Management
System
:
Cornerstone
On
Demand
- Integrated
LMS
for
both
Employees
and
Partners;
integrated
with
Successfactors
©
Copyright
10/2/12
BMC
SoFware,
Inc
33
- 34. Configure,
Price
and
Quote
:
Apius
Business
benefit
:
Automate
the
configura;on,
pricing
and
quo;ng
process
and
enable
up-‐sell/cross-‐sell
Challenges
q No
SFDC
Connector
to
simplify
mul;ple
WS
integra;ons
q Dealing
with
SFDC
WSDLs
are
not
trivial
q Limita;ons
on
SFDC
WSDLs
resul;ng
In
complex
logic
in
OSB/SOA
q SSL/HTTPS
for
Inbound
q SOAP
Authen;ca;on
for
Outbound
q Sockets,
Adapters
on
OSB
q Enterprise
Canonicals
&
Services
©
Copyright
10/2/12
BMC
SoFware,
Inc
34
- 35. CPQ
Interface
Architecture
q Sync
Req/Reply
for
Pricing
q Async
Req/Reply
for
Product
Hierarchy
q Sync
createQuote
©
Copyright
10/2/12
BMC
SoFware,
Inc
35
- 36. Office
space
Automa;on
:
iOffice
Business
benefit
:
Automate
office
space
planning
and
reloca;on
management
Challenges
q Hand
holding
with
Vendor
in
the
overall
SDLC
process
q OHR-‐ioffice
sending
all
EMP
records.
Updates
(Creates
handled
in
updates
as
well)
and
Terminates.
q iOffice-‐OHR.
Sending
back
iOffice
number
back
to
Oracle.
q iOffice-‐ITSM.
Same
info
as
point
2
goes
to
ITSM
also.
q ITSM-‐iOffice.
An
ITSM
service
request
sent
across.
q ITSM-‐iOffice.
A
request
that
is
being
cancelled
in
ITSM
is
being
sent
to
iOffice.
©
Copyright
10/2/12
BMC
SoFware,
Inc
36
- 37. Employee
Onboarding
Business
benefit:
Provide
Employee
informa;on
to
SaaS
in
near
real
;me,
including
auto
provisioning
q Oracle
HR
is
the
Master
q New
hire,
update,
terminate
events
q Provisioning
via
Control
SA
q AD
and
LDAP
for
Directory
q Okta
for
SSO
q Near
real-‐;me
sync
of
Employee
info,
profile
with
SaaS
Employee
Data
stores
q EBS
adapter
in
OSB
q AIA
Canonical
Employee
Service
Challenges
q Handling
Mass
update
in
Oracle
HR
and
sync’ing
with
all
receiving
systems
©
Copyright
10/2/12
BMC
SoFware,
Inc
37
- 39. Marke;ng
Automa;on
:
Lead
Lifecycle
Management
Eloqua/
SFDC
Business
benefit:
Marke;ng,
Campaign,
Lead
and
Contact
Management
Challenges
q Limita;ons
on
number
of
Requests
per
sec,
number
of
concurrent
sessions
q Work
around
with
HTTP
Forms
Contact
q Contacts
created
in
Eloqua
sent
to
SFDC
via
na;ve
SFDC
–Eloqua
integra;on
q Contacts
sent
to
MDM
and
cleansed
and
then
uploaded
via
web
form
POST
Account
q Accounts
created
in
SFDC;
Eloqua
na;ve
integra;on;
and
pushed
to
MDM
via
SOA
q Accounts
are
cleansed
against
MDM
and
sent
back
to
Eloqua
Opportunity
q Opportunity
entered
in
SFDC
pushed
to
OE+
and
Elqua
uses
na;ve
integra;on
to
pull
q Flaiened
Opportunity
sent
back
to
Eloqua
©
Copyright
10/2/12
BMC
SoFware,
Inc
39
- 40. Learning
Management
System
:
Cornerstone
On
Demand
Business
benefit
:
Integrated
LMS
for
both
Employees
and
Partners;
integrated
with
Successfactors
Challenges
q No
CSOD
Connector
to
simplify
integra;ons
q CSOD
WS
not
standards
compliant
q Custom
Header
for
Authoriza;on
©
Copyright
10/2/12
BMC
SoFware,
Inc
40
- 41. Cloud
Integra;on
with
Oracle
SOA
:
Lessons
learned
&
work
around
" No
SaaS
adapters;
every
implementa;on
is
Unique;
looking
at
SaaS
connectors
" Interfaces
are
dictated
by
SaaS
vendors;
wide
variety
(SOAP,
REST,
Socket,
HTTP/
POX,
SFTP);
Flexibility
of
Oracle
OSB/SOA
helps
to
support
" Every
vendor
has
their
way
to
handle
Security;
WS-‐Security,
Custom
Header;
Support
in
OSB
helps
to
adhere
to
disparate
requirements
" Transac;on
traceability;
OSB
and
SOA
suite
are
not
integrated;
Plan
is
to
implement
BTM
to
enable
end
to
end
visibility
" Lack
of
REST
support
in
BPEL
Process
Manager;
used
custom
J2EE
framework;
plan
to
leverage
OSB
" Lack
of
MFT
in
SOA
suite;
introduced
MFT
product
to
complement
and
sCll
integrate
with
Oracle
FMW
" Message
Sequencing;
messages
need
to
be
delivered
in
right
sequence;
custom
complex
logic
had
to
be
developed
©
Copyright
10/2/12
BMC
SoFware,
Inc
41
- 42. Learn
more
at
www.bmc.com
©
Copyright
10/2/12
BMC
SoFware,
Inc
42
- 43. Oracle SOA Suite
Service Integration for Cloud and Mobile Applications
ü Simplifies and secures connectivity across cloud, mobile, and
on-premise environments
ü Complete and unified cloud integration platform for end-to-end
business visibility
ü Increases business agility and scalability for cloud integrations
43 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 44. Suggested Cloud Integration Sessions
CON8685
Oracle
Fusion
Applica/ons:
Best
Prac/ces
in
Integra/on
Design
Paaerns
When:
Tue
Oct
2nd
1:15pm
(That’s
today,
in
approximately
30
minutes)
Where:
Palace
Hotel
–
Telegraph
CON8642
Cloud
and
On-‐Premises
Applica/ons
Integra/on,
Using
Oracle
Integra/on
Adapters
When:
Wed
Oct
3rd
1:15pm
Where:
Moscone
South
-‐
310
44
Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 45. Get Connected – Oracle Social Media
SOA and Integration
Twiaer
twiier.com/OracleSOA
Facebook
facebook.com/OracleSOA
LinkedIn
Oracle
SOA
Oracle
SOA
blog
blogs.oracle.com/SOA
Oracle
SOA
Web
site
oracle.com/SOA
45 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 47. 47 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- 48. 48 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.