1. CONNECTORS OF REASON,
PURPOSE AND CONTRAST

2. • SHE DECIDED NOT TO GO TO ENGLISH CLASS
_______ IT WAS SUNNY AND SHE FELT LIKE
GOING TO THE BEACH

3. reason
(FOLLOWED BY A CLAUSE: AS, BECAUSE,SINCE)
• SHE DECIDED NOT TO GO TO ENGLISH CLASS
AS/BECAUSE/SINCE IT WAS SUNNY AND
SHE FELT LIKE GOING TO THE BEACH

4. • SHE DIDN’T GET TO SCHOOL UNTIL 10 AM
___________________ THE TRAIN STRIKE.
• SHE DIDN’T GET TO SCHOOL UNTIL 10AM
_____________________________
THE FACT THAT THERE WAS A TRAIN STRIKE.

5. reason
(FOLLOWED BY A NOUN or the fact that)
• SHE DIDN’T GET TO SCHOOL UNTIL 10 AM THE
BECAUSE OF/OWING TO/DUE TO
THE TRAIN STRIKE.
• SHE DIDN’T GET TO SCHOOL UNTIL 10AM
BECAUSE OF/OWING TO/DUE TO THE
FACT THAT THERE WAS A TRAIN STRIKE.

6. • SHE REVISED ALL NIGHT _____________ SHE
COULD PASS HER EXAM

7. purpose
(FOLLOWED BY A CLAUSE)
• SHE REVISED ALL NIGHT
SO THAT/ IN ORDER THAT SHE COULD
PASS HER EXAM

8. • SHE REVISED ALL NIGHT
_____________PASS HER EXAM

9. purpose
(FOLLOWED BY AN INFINITIVE)
• SHE REVISED ALL NIGHT
TO / IN ORDER TO/SO AS TO
PASS HER EXAM

10. • He went to work _____________ feeling
unwell
• He went to work __________ his illness
• He went to work __________ the fact that he
wasn’t feeling well

11. Contrast
(FOLLOWED BY –ING, NOUN OR the fact that)
• He went to work DESPITE/IN SPITE OF feeling
unwell
• He went to work DESPITE/IN SPITE OF his
illness
• He went to work DESPITE/IN SPITE OF the fact
that he wasn’t feeling well

12. • HE WENT TO WORK _______________ HE
DIDN’T FEEL WELL

13. Contrast
(FOLLOWED BY CLAUSE)
• HE WENT TO WORK EVEN
THOUGH/ALTHOUGH/THOUGH
HE DIDN’T FEEL WELL

14. • THIS MAN LOOKS HAPPY
____________________________ THE OTHER
LOOKS SAD

15. Contrast (but not
contradiction)
(FOLLOWED BY CLAUSE)
• THIS MAN LOOKS HAPPY WHILE/WHEREAS
THE OTHER LOOKS SAD