The document describes the major human body systems and their functions. It discusses 11 systems: integumentary, cardiovascular, circulatory, lymphatic, urinary, endocrine, nervous, reproductive, digestive, respiratory, and musculoskeletal. Each system is summarized in 1-2 sentences explaining its main components and role in the body.
2. Integumentary System
THE INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEM IS THE SKIN.
Is regulates body temperature,
acts as a sensory receptor to
internal and external stimuli,
excretes waste from the body
trough sweat, and absorbs
vitamin D and calcium from
sunlight to nourish the body.
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3. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
The heart and circulatory system
(blood vessels, including arteries,
veins and capillaries) make up the
cardiovascular system.
It delivers blood to all the body’s
tissues, carrying nutrients and oxygen
to every cell within the body and
removing waste products ( such as
carbon dioxide).
Oxygen rich blood is carried to the
parts of the body through the arteries.
The veins carry blood back to the
heart.
The Pulmonary Vein carries blood to
the lungs where carbon dioxide is
exchanged for oxygen. - COPYRIGHT
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4. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
The circulatory system is
composed of the heart and the
blood vessels and provides
cells within the body with
nutrients (via blood).
Pulmonary circulation is the
loop from the heart to the
lungs and back again.
While System Circulation
(what we usually think of as
our circulatory system) sends
blood from the heart to all the
other parts of our bodies and
back again.
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5. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
The lymphatic system works
with the circulatory system to
distribute fluids and nutrients
throughout the body, and rids
the body of unnecessary
substances through a clear to
yellow fluid referred to as
“lymph” which contains white
blood cells, proteins and fats.
It also aids the immune system
in removing and destroying
waste, debris, dead blood
cells, pathogens, toxins, and
cancer cells, and drains
excess fluids and protein to
prevent edema.
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6. LYMPHATIC NODES
The role of the lymph
nodes is to filter
lymph before it can
return to the
circulatory system.
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7. URINARY SYSTEM
The urinary system or
urinary tract includes the
urethra, the bladder, two
ureters, and two kidneys.
It is the system that
produces, stores, and
eliminates urine.
The male and female
urinary system only
differs in the length of the
urethra.
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8. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
This is a system of glands that
produce and secrete
hormones.
Hormones regulate the body’s
growth, metabolism, sexual
development, and function.
The major glands that make up
the endocrine system are the
thyroid, parathyroid glands,
pituitary, hypothalamus,
adrenal glands, pineal body
and reproductive glands
( ovaries and testes).
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9. NERVOUS SYSTEM
This is a complex system
consisting of the central
nervous system (CNS) and the
peripheral nervous system
(PNS) that regulates and
coordinates body activities.
It sends and receives
information via electrical
signals carried by the nerves
and interprets that information
in the brain.
The CNS is mad up of the
brain and spinal cord.
The PNS is made up of our
nerves, sense organs (eyes,
ears, etc.) and other neural
elements ( receptors in
muscles, skin, joints, etc.).
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10. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
This is the system by which
both male and female humans
reproduce.
It is sometimes called the
genital system as it is made up
of the organs in the pelvic
region that contribute toward
the reproductive process.
The organs of the female
reproductive system include
the ovaries, fallopian tubes,
uterus, vagina, and mammary
glands.
The male reproductive system
includes the testes, scrotum,
penis, vas deferens and
prostate.
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11. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The male
reproductive system
includes the testes,
scrotum, penis, vas
deferens and
prostate.
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12. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
The main organs of the
digestive system consist
of the mouth, tongue,
salivary glands, pharynx,
esophagus, stomach,
small intestine, large
intestine (colon), rectum,
anus, pancreas, liver, and
gallbladder.
This system is
responsible for ingesting
and digesting food,
absorbing nutrients, and
eliminating waste.
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13. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
This system is responsible for
delivering oxygenated blood to
al parts of the body.
Through breathing, the body
inhales oxygen and exhales
carbon dioxide, warms and
moisturizes the air, and filters
debris.
The main organs of the
respiratory system include the
pharynx, larynx, nasal cavity,
oral cavity, trachea, lungs,
bronchus, bronchioles, and
alveoli.
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14. MUSCULOSKELETAL
SYSTEM
This is the system that gives the human body form and stability
and enables movement. It consist of bones, muscles,
tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage, and other connective
tissue.
Connective tissue assists in the support function of this system
and is made of elastic fibers and collagen, a protein
substance.
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15. SPINE ( Vertebral Column)
Strong, flexible group of
bones which provides
structure for the upper body.
It encloses and protects the
spinal cord, supports the
head, and serves as an
attachment for ribs.
(Also known as Spinal Column)
Five regions of the spine:
1. Cervical
2. Thoracic
3. Lumbar
4. Sacral
5. Coccygeal (coccyx)
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16. CERVICAL VERTEBRAE
Uppermost part of the
spine. C1 –C7
(neck bones)
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17. THORACIC VERTEBRAE
This is the mid- section of
the spine (mid back), and
makes up the largest part
of the spinal column.
Found below the
Cervical, and above the
Lumbar regions.
T1 – T12 Articulate with
(attach to) the 12 pairs of
ribs.
(Formerly known as Dorsal Spine)
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18. LUMBAR VERTEBRAE
Below the thoracic spine.
L1 – L5
Strongest and larges of spinal
bones. (lower back, small of
back)
The load of body weight is
increased at the lower end of
spine, therefore it is a common
place for backaches, injury and
pathology.
This is the area where the
sciatic nerve lies ( the large
nerve that branches down into
the legs) and pain in this
region (sciatica) can radiate
from the back all the way down
to the foot.
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19. REFERENCES
MOSBY’S DICTIONARY of Medicine, Nursing & Health
Professions 9th Edition
http://www.google.com/imghp?hl=en&tab=ii
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