1. Ekologi,Pangan, dan Gizi
Ignatius Hapsoro Wirandoko
Email :
ignatius_wirandoko@yahoo.co.id
Hp : 08122801159

2. Masalah gizi
• Gizi makro :
- gizi kurang dan buruk
- kegemukan

3. Masalah gizimikro
•
•
•
•
Anemia
GAKY
Kurang vit A
Lain :
seng, folat,
selenium dsb.

4. Isu-isu
• Ruang lingkup dan
Klasifikasi
• Metabolisme /
Patofisiologi :
- Sifat
- Teknik assessment
- Spektrum gejala
- Prevalensi
• Penanggulangan

5. Ruang lingkup dan klasifikasi
• Vitamin
• Elemen / unsur (“mineral”)
• Vitamin-like substance / marginal
compounds
- choline
- taurine
- carnitine
- myo-inositol
- bioflavonoids
- Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) dsb.

6. Perkembangan pengetahuan tentang
metabolisme
• Semakin banyak fakta terungkap
seiring dengan perkembangan
pengetahuan tentang metabolisme dan
patofisiologi
• Sifat, teknik assessment, spektrum
gejala dan upaya penanggulangan
berkembang cepat.

7. Metabolisme besi

8. Metabolisme iodium

9. Metabolisme folat

10. Efek defisiensi folat di tingkat molekuler

11. Metabolisme seng

12. Sifat
•
•
•
•
•
Bioavailibility
Amplification of action
Specivity
Homeostatis
Interaction

13. Bioavalibility
• Defined as the percent of the consumed mineral
that enters via the intestinal absorptive cells and
is used for its intended purpose.
• Bioavailibility includes not only how much of a
consumed minerals enters the body, but also
how much is retained and available for use.

14. Requirement and Allowance
Requirement
The lowest continuing intake of a nutrient that will
maintain a specified criterion of adequacy
RDA (recommended dietary allowance)
The average daily amount of a nutrient considered
adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of
practically all healthy people.

15. Requirement and RDA

16. Nutrients and energy RDA

17. Nutrients and Risk of Death
Increasing concentration or intake of nutrient
Nutrient Function
100%
0%
Death
Deficiency
Marginal
Optimal
Marginal
Toxicity
Death

18. DRI
Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

19. Ca Homeostatis

20. Zinc’s routes in the body

21. Interaction
Interactions among the trace minerals are common
and often lead to nutrient imbalances.
An excess of one may cause a deficiency of another.
A deficiency of one may open the way for another to
cause a toxic reaction.
A deficiency of one may exacerbate the problems
associated with the deficiency of another.
Interlocking gear system

22. Mineral antagonism

23. Vitamin antagonisms

24. Vitamin mineral antagonism

25. Specivity

26. Laboratory Assessment
is used primarily to detect subclinical deficiency states
is becoming increasingly important with the growing
emphasis on preventive medicine
can be used to supplement other methods
often affected by biological and technical factors
Type :
• Static biochemical test
• Functional test

27. Spektrum gejala defisiensi besi

28. Serum transferrin receptor
(sTfR)

29. Spektrum gejala GAKY

30. Prevalensi

31. Upaya penanggulangan
• Tidak Berbasis pangan
- suplementasi
• Berbasis pangan
- fortifikasi
- rekayasa
- edukasi

32. Suplementasi
• Petimbangkan
interaksi
• Kemungkinan excess
• Menekan gizimikro
lain
• Petugas gizi
kesehatan harus
kenal wilayahnya

33. Barbara Underwood (2003)
• Scientific progress and
political commitment
are key factors but .........
• Consumer and public
acceptance is key to
sustainable progress