1. RENAISSANCE BRINGS CHANGE Jr Elano Miguel Villanueva Marc Lopez DomsHulipas Rap Fernandez RJ Dela Vega

2. Current News! Many Filipinos might have been pleased with President Noynoy Aquino’s performance in the first 100 days of his term—but not his former professor at the Ateneo de Manila University. Unlike most teachers who would have been proud of their former students, Prof. Pablo Manalastas, math professor at the Ateneo, said Aquino has not yet done anything impressive. “I don’t see anything earth-shaking happening yet,” he said, adding he is giving the president “barely passing marks” for the beginning of the latter’s six-year term. Manalastas is now with the Ateneo’s Department of Computer Information Systems and with the Automated Election System (AES) Watch, a project of the Center for People Empowerment in Governance. Enumerating his economic achievements in his speech on Thursday, Aquino said investor confidence in the Philippines has returned. He added that more than $2 billion in foreign investments would be coming in and generating 43,600 jobs. He also said that his administration has prevented the misuse of millions of pesos by certain government agencies by removing the allowances and bonuses of officials of government-owned and -controlled corporations who were appointed by the previous president. Likewise, negotiated contracts in agencies like the Department of Public Works and Department of Agriculture were reviewed to save more money for the government.

3. Current News! Manalastas, however, said former president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo might have even done better for the economy during her presidency. “Although I did not support her, (I can say that) she enforced measures that helped the economy,” he said, stressing however that those measures—which included encouraging Filipinos to seek jobs abroad—remain controversial. Manalastas also said Aquino’s achievements in fighting corruption are, for now, “just words.” “These should be accompanied by action,” he said. He also expressed disappointment with Aquino’s behavior during the hostage-taking incident of August 23 where eight Chinese tourists and the hostage taker were killed. Aquino’s speech on his first 100 days did not mention the incident which became the worst crisis to hit the fledgling presidency. China had criticized the Philippine government for the latter’s incompetent handling of the situation. “I do not like Gloria but she would have taken matters into her hands,” he said, adding he had expected Aquino to be “visible” during the crisis. Instead, Aquino appeared on national television during a press conference at 12:30 a.m. the following day. He narrated the events that led to the bloody ending, blaming media coverage and the outburst of the brother of the hostage-taker for the escalation of the crisis. Manalastas said Aquino should have been more hands-on in such a situation. But the professor’s unfavorable assessment of Aquino should not come as a surprise. “I did not vote for him for president,” he admitted. “All of Ateneo voted for him but I didn’t. I met so many priests and nuns and they were all for Noynoy. I could not understand why they were all for Noynoy,” he said. Explaining why he did not vote for Aquino, Manalastas said, “I had this idea that a president must be smart.” Resignedly, however, he said, “But as long as it’s not Gloria, it’s okay. But I did not expect much from him.”

4. Current News! Manalastas’s less-than-overwhelmed assessment of his former student may have something to do with Aquino’s performance at the Ateneo. Back then as a college student, he recalled that Aquino, though diligent, was an average student. “I remember him very well because he got a C+ which allowed him to stay at the Ateneo,” the professor said. On a scale of 1 to 4 (with 4 as the highest), Aquino rated a 2.5. “He was not among my best students; he just made it,” Manalastas said. Performing better than Aquino were his cousins Robert and Paul. “The best Aquino student was Paul,” he said of the Aquino cousins who became his students at different periods. He had seen Noynoy’s sister Kris on campus but never became her professor. Still, Manalastas observed that Noynoy had certain things going for him. “He was never absent. He was very well-behaved and very silent,” he said. And so, “I had no inkling he was ever going to be president,” the professor said. In fact, no Filipino probably ever thought that the low-key son of slain senator Benigno Aquino Jr. and the late president Corazon Aquino would one day be elected to the highest post in the land. Noynoy’s political star rocketed after the death of his mother who remained a beloved icon among Filipinos even though her presidency has been described as well-meaning but incompetent. Now that Aquino is president, Manalastas said he would still like to see his former student do better for the country economically and politically. “I am hoping he does well because our country needs a break,” he said, “We need a break, economically and politically.”

5. Remember? FAMINE Joan of Arc Edward III House of York HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR Pope Boniface VIII Charles VII PEASANT REBELLION Clement V Louis XI Flanders Black Death

7. At the same, long period of wars, epidemics, and economic upheaval in Europe came to an end.

8. A new spirit of optimism, confidence, and creativity emerged.

10. Originally reffered to a new interest in Greek and Rome, which began in the 1300’s.

11. Changes Occurred in: Arts, Intellectual Life, and ways of viewing the world.

12. Lasted from the 14th Century through the 16th Century.

14. New interest in worldly matters, accompanied by a growing emphasis on human life and accomplishments.

16. Humanities – Language(Latin and Greek), Literature, Composition, Rhetoric, History. And Philosophy.

17. Music and Mathematics studied also.

18. Scholars believed that the Greek and Romans excelled in these subjects and that classical ideas were good models to follow.

20. They want to write as gracefully and speak eloquently as the Greek and Romans.

22. Italian Merchants and Bankers had the money to acquire libraries and fine works of art.

23. They admired and encouraged art, literature, and scholarship.

25. Regarding ancient Roman times as a much grander period than his own day, he studied Roman Literature and philosophy and encouraged others to become interested.

26. In the process of collecting ancient manuscripts, Petrach rediscovered a number of Roman authors whose works have been forgotten during the Middle Ages.

28. He also wrote hundreds of love poems and in Italian.

29. Poems were more realistic in feeling than in country love poems of the troubadours.

30. Loved writing so much that he often worked all night long at his desk.

31. When a worried friend urged him to relax, he replied, “nothing weigh less than a pen and nothing gives more pleasure; it is useful not only to the writer but to others far away, perhaps even to those who will be born a thousand years from now.”

34. Renaissance Humanists tried to understand the entire civilization of the ancient world, not just selected ideas.

35. Greeks and Romans as a guide to a joyous, successful way of life.

36. Medieval thinkers had regarded existence as a preparation for an afterlife; the people of the Renaissance emphasized living life on earth as fully as possible.

38. Believed that history, like classical literature and philosophy, would help them understand their own times.

39. In their efforts to learn more about ancient Greece and Rome, they carefully examined and compared copies of ancient manuscripts.

40. Often they discovered mistakes that medieval scribes had made in copying the texts.

42. Medieval thinkers had tended to accept Aristotle’s writings as unquestioned truth.

44. Like the Ancient Greeks and Roman, they valued public service and praised those who were useful to society.

45. They felt that an education in the humanities was a sound preparation for a rewarding life.

47. The Pope, the Holy Roman Emperor, and the rulers of France and Spain all were involved in struggles for power in Italy.

48. Renaissance political thinkers were ambitious for fame and power.

49. As a guide, they looked back to Roman History rather than medieval ideals.

51. Machiavelli - /mah-kyah-VEL-ee/

52. 1469-1527

53. Cynical about human behavior and believed that a ruler should do whatever was necessary to gain and keep power.

54. In his book The Prince (written about 1513), he pointed out that successful rulers often lied, broke treaties, and killed in order to gain and keep power.

56. In wealthy cities Florence, Milan, and Venice, the rulers, noble families, and high-ranking clergy became patrons, or supporters, of the arts.

58. The Medici were bankers who had branch offices in cities throughout Western Europe.

59. They became active in the politics in Florence in the 1400’s and controlled the city for most of the nest 300 years.

61. Classical scholar, a skilled architect and a talented poet who wrote in the style of Petrarch.

62. Leading patron of the arts, he hired painters and sculptors to create works of art for his palace, and invited artists, painters, and philosophers to his court.

63. Expanded the university at Florence to give the city’s young people an opportunity to study classical literature.

66. As a child she and her sister Beatrice studied the humanities and learned to read and speak Latin and Greek.

67. At the Family Estate, their father translated plays by Roman dramatists and had them staged.

69. As the patron of many distinguished writers and artists, she made her court famous.

70. A special room was built to display the paintings she commissioned.

71. Isabella collected many of the books just beginning to come from Italian printers.

73. The people of this time were interested in the unique qualities that made one person stand out from others.

74. Like the Romans, they were ambitious for fame and worldly success.

75. Like the Greeks, they believed human beings could achieve great things.

77. They had the wealth and leisure to develop the many talents expected in the ideal Renaissance individual.

78. This ideal was a person who not only was educated in the humanities but also could talk with wit and charm, create paintings and sculpture, perform music, write poetry, and essays, and be fluent in several languages, including Latin.

80. One of the new developments was the printing press.

81. In the 1450’s Europeans first used movable metal type to print a book.

82. A German Johann Gutenberg, is usually credited with the printing the first book a copy of the Bible.

83. Most of the early printed books were religious works, but printing was soon used for other kinds of books as well.

86. It was many times faster to print a book that to copy it by hand.

87. Before printing, there were probably fewer than 100,000 books in all of Europe.

88. By 1500 there more than nine million.

92. He sought peace and unity as well as reforms with the Church.

94. Wrote with both wit and elegance.

95. Felt that the study of humanity is more important than the study of sciences.

96. Criticized Scholars, scientist, philosophers, and clergy of his own time for being narrow-minded in “The Praise of Folly”(1509)

97. “The Praise of Folly” had a wide influence as did Erasmus’s Latin translation of the New Testament (1516) – admired for its style and scholarship.

99. Another Important scholar of the Northern Renaissance

100. Close Friend of Erasmus

101. Encouraged Erasmus to begin his study of Greek