The document summarizes the endocrine system and how it uses hormones as chemical messengers to regulate bodily functions. It describes the major glands that produce hormones like the pituitary, thyroid, ovaries, testes, and adrenal glands. It explains how hormones work through feedback loops, often stimulating or inhibiting other glands. Hormones produced include insulin, estrogen, testosterone, thyroid hormones, and others that control growth, metabolism, sexual development, and other critical processes.

2. (endocrine gland)
extracellular fluid
(exocrine gland)
hormone
chemical control
chemical messenger
molecular messenger
Chemical signal in animals
(Endocrine system)

3. 

, ADH

growth hormone

Estrogen, Oxytocin

Melatonin
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
synergistic effect
antagonism effect

4. 4
1. (Polypeptide
hormone)
2. (Steroid hormone)
adrenal gland
ovary
testis
3. (Amine hormone)
thyroxin
catecholamine
4. (Fatty acid hormone

5. 

feedback control
1 Positive
feedback control
2 Negative
feedback control
(glucoronide) (sulphate)

6.  stalk
 releasing hormone

7. hypothalamo-pituitary portal system
pituitary stalk


- releasing hormone

ADH
oxytocin
-
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
(anterior pituitary)

8. Lutenizing hormone (LH)
►
►LH graafian follicles
►LH
corpus luteum)
► LH
leydig cell
testosterone
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
►
►
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
►
► (adrenal cortex)
aldosterone
cortisol
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Ovary
Estrogen
Progesterone
►
►
(ovaries)
testes)
► FSH
(ovarian follicle)
► FSH
seminiferous
tubule

9. Growth hormone (GH)
Somatotrophin (STH)
►
►
►GH
Growth
hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
Somatostatin delta cell
Prolactin
►
►
GH
►
►
(dopamine)

10. melanocyte
stimulating hormone; MSH
Melanotrophin
- -
-
•
Melanin
Melanocyte
• -
•
(posterior pituitary)

11. Neurosecretory cell
Oxytocin
►
►
-
-
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
vasopressin
►
►
►
► ADH
dehydration)
(posterior pituitary)

12. thyroxin)
Calcitonin (thyrocalcitonin)
►
(thyroid gland)
►
►
oxidation
Kreb’s
cycle
mitochondria
► GH
metamorphosis

13. ►
parafollicular cell (C-cell)
►
► calcitonin
(PO4-)
parathyroid gland)
(Parathromone)
(Parathyroid hormone
pancrease)
parathyroid gland)