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Reduction of the Categorical Syllogism Chapter 16

Logicians considered the First Figure as the perfect figure and the others as the imperfect ones.,[object Object]

It has to be noted that reduction is not required for recognizing the validity of the so-called imperfect figures; we recognized their validity even before their reduction to the first reduction.,[object Object]

The consonants s, p, m, and c are the key consonants indicating the logical operation to be performed in order to obtain a syllogism in one of the four moods of the first figure. Here are the key consonants and their role in the reduction of the categorical syllogism.

S – simple conversion. ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object], E- No terrorists are virtuous; I- But, some policemen are virtuous; O- Some policemen are not terrorists. Reduction ,[object Object], E- No virtuous are terrorists; I- But, some policemen are virtuous; O- Some policemen are not terrorists.

[object Object], E- No lazy person is creative; I- But, some creative individuals are artists; O- Some artists are not lazy persons. Reduction ,[object Object], E- No creative person is lazy; I- But, some artists are creative; O- Some artists are not lazy persons.

P- Per accidens ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],A- All Dominican Priest are cerebral; A- But, all Dominican priests are deep thinkers. I- Some deep thinkers are cerebral. Reduction ,[object Object],A- All Dominican priest are cerebral; A- But, some deep thinkers are Dominican priest; I- Some deep thinkers are cerebral.

[object Object],E- No public servant is a source of anomaly; A- But, the source of anomaly are those that are in power; O-Some that are in power are not public servants. Reduction ,[object Object],E- No source of anomaly is a public servant. I- But, some that are in power are sources of anomaly; O- Some that are in power are not public servants.

M- mutation. ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],A- All political aspirants are rich businessmen; E- But, no student is a rich businessman; E- No student is a political aspirants. Reduction ,[object Object],E- No rich businessman is a student; A- But, all political aspirants are rich businessmen; E- No political aspirants are students.

C- contradictory of the original conclusion. ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],A- All Filipinos are hospitable; O- But, some youth delegates are not hospitable; O- Some youth delegates are not Filipinos. Reduction ,[object Object],A- All Filipinos are hospitable; A- But, all youth delegates are Filipinos; A- All youth delegates are hospitable.

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