1. Environmental Issues of Nepal
For
Sustainable Development
Presented by
Group A
Yashoda
Prashansha
Kabita
Achyut

2. Background
Development is generally measured in terms of economic
growth that contributes to nation’s wealth.
So, untill now in many cases
The popular development indicator used to measure the
development of the country is the Gross Domestic product
(GDP).
The consequence:
The Northern countries exploited the earth unwisely since the
period of industrial revolution. It has brought many ecological
problems now.
In the southern countries due to poverty, poor natural
management and unplanned settlement system we have faced
many environmental problems.

3. These environmental concerns are very important
issues for the sustainable development today:
Our responsibility is not only to bring prosperity to the
present world but also secure resources for our future
generation.
Because sustainable development is:
the “development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs”.
Brundtland Report (1987) ‘Our Common Future’

4. Focus in this presentation
We would like to focus in some of the key
environmental issues in the southern developing
countries with special focus in our country Nepal.
The main environmental issues in the developing
countries like Nepal are the result of 3 Ps:
•Poverty
•Poor natural resource management
•Planning-less settlement (unplanned urbanization)
•Let us discuss how these 3 Ps have given rise to
serious environmental issues.

5. P1
Poverty
Poverty has very serious limitations. Poor people’s needs are
so urgent that most of the time they do not behave rationally
due to their need for survival.
The natural resources like forests in developing countries are
not destroyed for industrial purpose like in the North. They are
the sources for their livelihood. Eg. Forest sources for
domestic use (fire wood, timber, money-making to earn living
by product sale)
The result is deforestation.
The agriculture land is used irrationally to increase production
by using chemical fertilizer and insecticides. It is again not for
large commercial purpose. It is to fight against hunger and
fulfil basic needs.
The result is quality degradation of land and water.

6. P2
Poor natural resource management
The developing countries are poor in natural resource
management because of their own financial constraint,
lack of awareness and lack of seriousness in policy
implementation
As a result they are not able to preserve:
Land resources: fertile lands, forests etc
Water resources: River, lakes, ponds, spring (mul pani
etc)
Air environment: (emission of carbon from old vehicles,
factories near by settlement, dust, industrial chemical in
the air etc
The result is land, water and air pollution

7. P3
Planning-less settlement (unplanned urbanization)
In developing countries in most cases the towns are not the
result of foresighted urban planning.
The towns are developed as there is stretch of roads in to
new area.
Eg. A small tea/raksi shop is set up for the driver
/passenger. As the pressure of the traffic new shops
appear. Gradually it takes the shape of a bazar and in few
year a new town.
Eg. May towns along the highway of Mahendra Highway
The result:
Land encroachment to the nearby forest, river banks, fertile
lands and air/water/air pollution

8. Mitigating measures with interventionMitigating measures with intervention

9. Poverty as a cause of EnvironmentalPoverty as a cause of Environmental
DegradationDegradation

10. Impacts in regard toImpacts in regard to
 Non-renewable resource useNon-renewable resource use
 Renewable resource useRenewable resource use
 Waste generationWaste generation
 Greenhouse gas emissionGreenhouse gas emission

11. Cont.…Cont.…
 DeforestationDeforestation
 Natural calamitiesNatural calamities
 Unplanned settlementUnplanned settlement
 PollutionPollution
 Air and WaterAir and Water
Environmental
Degradation

12. Poor natural resource managementPoor natural resource management

16. Poor natural resources managementPoor natural resources management
--deforestation,deforestation,
-Lack of fresh water,-Lack of fresh water,
-Global warming,-Global warming,
-Soil erosion-Soil erosion
Impacts negatively on economy

17. Environment Curriculum
- Awareness about environment issues , natural resource
management.
- Lack of expert human resources in the field of natural
resource management .
- Lack of research works related to natural resource
management.
- Environmental education is compulsory in schools.

18. Policy interventionPolicy intervention
•Lack of evaluation and monitoring by the relevant
agencies.
•Policy might be there but not adequate and poor
implementation of already existing ones
•Do people in remote areas know about those policies?
•High dependency in petroleum products as sources of
energy- solar energy, hydro power, wind energy)
•Poor economy

19. Provide subsidyProvide subsidy
Reward- such those who plant tree at their land etc..Reward- such those who plant tree at their land etc..
Financial support for the entrepreneur of energy sector:Financial support for the entrepreneur of energy sector:
(low interest loan and government subsidy)(low interest loan and government subsidy)
Environmental violation reporting rewardsEnvironmental violation reporting rewards

21. Planning-less settlement
(Unplanned urbanization)

22. The population is increasing every year.The population is increasing every year.
1981: 150228391981: 15022839
1991: 184910971991: 18491097
2001: 231514232001: 23151423
2011: 266208092011: 26620809
New legal provision: towns and villages for plannedNew legal provision: towns and villages for planned
settlementsettlement
To give shelter to the ever increasing population new landTo give shelter to the ever increasing population new land
are encroached (atikraman) without any governmentare encroached (atikraman) without any government
planning. There are insufficient planning in towns but inplanning. There are insufficient planning in towns but in
VDCs there are no legal requirement with few exceptions.VDCs there are no legal requirement with few exceptions.

23. New scientific land tenure system (baigyanik bhumisudhar)New scientific land tenure system (baigyanik bhumisudhar)
The government must bring new regulations on preservingThe government must bring new regulations on preserving
natural resources like land and waternatural resources like land and water
Eg. Forest preservationEg. Forest preservation
Agriculture landAgriculture land
Water, river preservationWater, river preservation
Landfill sitesLandfill sites
Waste/garbage recycle plants in urban and also in villageWaste/garbage recycle plants in urban and also in village
areaarea

24. Management of green belt in the settlement areasManagement of green belt in the settlement areas
Preservation of watershed areasPreservation of watershed areas
Management of large/medium and small industries estatesManagement of large/medium and small industries estates

25. THANKS