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Memory
           EVO Session 2013
    Braining-Up Your English Lessons
                 Week 3



February, 2013                   Maja Dakic-Brkovic
                                          about me
We are who we are
because of what we learn
 and what we remember




            neuroscientist Eric Kandel
Memory in Brain


●   No single brain center stores memory
●   Each part of the brain most likely contributes
    differently to permanent memory storage
Short-term memory


●   Stores information that you need to remember
    in the following seconds, minutes or hours.
●   An example would be a telephone message
    that you are given and must remember until you
    pass it on.
Repeat to remember:
           Short-term memory

●   Most of the events that predict whether
    something learned also will be remembered
    occur in the first few seconds of learning.
●   You can improve your chances of remembering
    something if you reproduce the environment in
    which you first put it into your brain.
Long-term memory

●   Stores information that your brain retains
    because it is important to you.
●   Basic information remembered includes names
    of family and friends, your address, as well as
    information on how to do certain activities and
    tasks.
●   Long-term memory can be further divided into
    explicit, implicit and semantic memory.
Long-term memory
●   Explicit memories are facts that you made a
    conscious effort to learn and that you can
    remember at will, for example, the names of
    state capitals.
●   Implicit memory is information you draw on
    automatically in order to perform actions such
    as driving a car or riding a bicycle.
●   Semantic memories are facts that are so
    deeply ingrained they require no effort to recall.
    An example would be the months of the year.
Long-term memory



Interesting!
There are large age-related differences with
explicit memory, but age has little or no effect
on implicit or semantic memory.


                   Source: Harvard Medical School
Remember to repeat:
           Long-term memory


●   Our brains give us only an approximate view of
    reality, because they mix new knowledge with
    past memories and store them together as one.
●   The way to make long-term memory more
    reliable is to incorporate new information
    gradually and repeat it in timed intervals.
Sleep
●   Sleep is vital for the consolidation and
    integration of memories during the formation
    process.
●   Sleep is biological creativity.
●   The difference in how the brain handles learned
    information before and after sleep is the
    difference between knowledge and wisdom.
Learning involves 3 steps for
         memory formation


●   1. encoding
●   2. consolidation and integration
●   3. recall
Sleep is vital for the 2nd stage


●   The last 2 hours of our sleep are most critical
    for consolidation and yet our sleep is often cut
    short.
●   Sleep physically changes the geography of
    memories.
●   After sleep the location in the brain of our
    learning has actually moved.
Interesting links about memory

●   Memory Wiki
●   Memory Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
●   Memory Medline Plus
●   Understanding Memory (Youtube video 3.48 min.)
●   Memory and Learning Canadian Institutes of Health Research
●   Memory Boosters Psychology Today
●   Memory Improvement Techniques Mind Tools
Source: How many things of our memory are true?
●   Thank you for your attention!
●   Hope you will remember some interesting facts!
Memory
           EVO Session 2013
    Braining-Up Your English Lessons
                 Week 3



February, 2013                  Maja Dakic-Brkovic
                                         about me

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Memory

  • 1. Memory EVO Session 2013 Braining-Up Your English Lessons Week 3 February, 2013 Maja Dakic-Brkovic about me
  • 2. We are who we are because of what we learn and what we remember neuroscientist Eric Kandel
  • 3. Memory in Brain ● No single brain center stores memory ● Each part of the brain most likely contributes differently to permanent memory storage
  • 4. Short-term memory ● Stores information that you need to remember in the following seconds, minutes or hours. ● An example would be a telephone message that you are given and must remember until you pass it on.
  • 5. Repeat to remember: Short-term memory ● Most of the events that predict whether something learned also will be remembered occur in the first few seconds of learning. ● You can improve your chances of remembering something if you reproduce the environment in which you first put it into your brain.
  • 6. Long-term memory ● Stores information that your brain retains because it is important to you. ● Basic information remembered includes names of family and friends, your address, as well as information on how to do certain activities and tasks. ● Long-term memory can be further divided into explicit, implicit and semantic memory.
  • 7. Long-term memory ● Explicit memories are facts that you made a conscious effort to learn and that you can remember at will, for example, the names of state capitals. ● Implicit memory is information you draw on automatically in order to perform actions such as driving a car or riding a bicycle. ● Semantic memories are facts that are so deeply ingrained they require no effort to recall. An example would be the months of the year.
  • 8. Long-term memory Interesting! There are large age-related differences with explicit memory, but age has little or no effect on implicit or semantic memory. Source: Harvard Medical School
  • 9. Remember to repeat: Long-term memory ● Our brains give us only an approximate view of reality, because they mix new knowledge with past memories and store them together as one. ● The way to make long-term memory more reliable is to incorporate new information gradually and repeat it in timed intervals.
  • 10. Sleep ● Sleep is vital for the consolidation and integration of memories during the formation process. ● Sleep is biological creativity. ● The difference in how the brain handles learned information before and after sleep is the difference between knowledge and wisdom.
  • 11. Learning involves 3 steps for memory formation ● 1. encoding ● 2. consolidation and integration ● 3. recall
  • 12. Sleep is vital for the 2nd stage ● The last 2 hours of our sleep are most critical for consolidation and yet our sleep is often cut short. ● Sleep physically changes the geography of memories. ● After sleep the location in the brain of our learning has actually moved.
  • 13. Interesting links about memory ● Memory Wiki ● Memory Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy ● Memory Medline Plus ● Understanding Memory (Youtube video 3.48 min.) ● Memory and Learning Canadian Institutes of Health Research ● Memory Boosters Psychology Today ● Memory Improvement Techniques Mind Tools
  • 14. Source: How many things of our memory are true?
  • 15. Thank you for your attention! ● Hope you will remember some interesting facts!
  • 16. Memory EVO Session 2013 Braining-Up Your English Lessons Week 3 February, 2013 Maja Dakic-Brkovic about me