4. Grain problem of Bharat 2134 kg/ha yield: India; 4664 kg/ha yield: China 3 ton/ha 1 ton/ha 2.1 ton/ha 0.75 ton/ha Irrigated Unirrigated Productivity 175 m.ha. 90 m. ha. 22.6 m. ha. Irrig. area 400 m.t. 200 m.t. 65 m.t. Agri. Prod. 150 crores 100 crores 33 crores Population Vision 2020 2001 1951

6. Interlinked tanks: satellite view

7. Cooler temperatures at higher elevations thoughout the globe

8. Glacial Inventory Glacial ice currently covers 10 percent (16 million km 2 ) of the earth's surface. To grow a glacier , annual snow accumulation must be greater than the annual summer melt. Most glaciers outside polar regions occur in mountains resulting from collisions between tectonic plates.

12. SEASONAL RAINFALL: JULY 2002 Drought Relief : Rs. 15000 crores p.a. Flood relief : Rs.30000 crores p.a. Avoiding these recurring expenses alone will justify the Grid investment

14. HIMALAYAN COMPONENT  It will have 14 Links  Construction of Dams on Tributaries of Ganga and Brahmaputra Rivers in India, Nepal & Bhutan  Linking of Brahmaputra and its Tributaries with Ganga and Ganga with Mahanadi Benefiting Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand & Orissa  Interlinking Canal Systems to Transfer Surplus Flows of Eastern Tributaries of Ganga to the West Benefiting U.P., Uttaranchal, Haryana, Rajasthan & Gujarat HIMALAYAN COMPONENT (PROPOSED LINKS UNDER STUDY) NEPAL BHUTAN

17. LINKS IDENTIFIED FOR PREPARATION OF FEASIBILITY REPORTS 1. Mahanadi (Manibhadra) – Godavari (Dowlaiswaram) 2. Godavari (Inchampalli) - Krishna (Nagarjunasagar) 3. Godavari (Inchampalli Low Dam) – Krishna (Nagarjunasagar Tail Pond) 4. Godavari (Polavaram) – Krishna (Vijayawada) 5. Krishna (Almatti) – Pennar 6. Krishna (Srisailam) – Pennar (Prodattur) PENINSULAR COMPONENT (PROPOSED LINKS UNDER STUDY)

18. 7. Krishna (Nagarjunasagar) - Pennar (Somasila) 8. Pennar (Somasila) – Cauvery (Grand Anicut) 9. Cauvery (Kattalai) – Vaigai – Gundar 10. Ken – Betwa Link 11. Parbati – Kalisindh – Chambal 12. Par – Tapi – Narmada 13. Damanganga – Pinjal 14. Bedti – Varda 15. Netravati – Hemavati 16. Pamba – Achankovil – Vaippar PENINSULAR COMPONENT (PROPOSED LINKS UNDER STUDY)

22. National Water Grid Authority; Peninsular Grid, Regional and sub-regional Grids Autonomous, statutory bodies (like Konkan Railway Corpn.) Self-financing, with peoples’ participation Replace the River Board Act 1956 with Water Security Act enacted under Entry 56 of List I (Central List) because Control and development of a River Valley (Entry 56 List I) is integrally linked to the four major sources: glaciers, groundwater, run-offs and sea-water

27. 3-D Satellite radar topography *Superimpose GIS data, to expedite choice of optimal waterways *To monitor waterflows Available from NASA for the globe, 90m. resolution Blues and greens are lower elevations, rising through yellows and browns to white at the highest elevations.

28. Get on a bike, Bhagiratha, Gangaikonda Chola! 5000 engineering students on motorbikes to design alternative networks of the National Water Grid superimposing GIS data on 3-D Radar Topographs - from Brahmaputra to Kanyakumari - from Sharada River to Sabarmati River

35. Greening of the desert: Sarasvati Mahanadi Rupa Nahar, Mohangarh, 55 km. west of Jaisalmer, 40 ft. wide, 12 ft. deep (Feb. 2002)

36. Sarasvati River valley at Adi Badri (May 2004) Sarasvati Sarovar at Adi Badri (October 2004) Vedic herbal garden; water harvesting with 11 check-dams; afforestation

37. Great Water Tower for 250 crore people Himalaya is the source of major rivers for 2.5 billion people; Manasarovar in Tibet yields Sindhu, Sutlej, Sarasvati, Mahakali-Karnali-Sharada and Tsangpo-Lohitya-Brahmaputra rivers; other rivers flowing from eastern Himalaya are: Irawaddy, Salween, Mekong, Yangtse and Huanghe. Precipitation levels increase along the Himalaya from Karakorm (250 cm. per annum) to Cherrapunjee, Assam (1410 cm p.a.) registering the highest rainfall regions of the world. Since 1959, Chinese government estimates that they have removed over $54 billion worth of timber.

38. Gangaikonda Chola, 11 th cent. Tribute of Ganga water into Chola ganga water tank

42. MOHENJODARO:PUSHKARINI, WITH STEPS & DRAIN Floor of the tank is water tight due to finely fitted bricks laid on edge with gypsum plaster and the side walls were constructed in a similar manner. To make the tank even more water tight, a thick layer of bitumen (natural tar) was laid along the sides of the tank.

47. The earliest reservoir and dam for irrigation was built in Saurashtra, Gujarat (Western India). According to Saka King Rudradaman I of 150 BCE a beautiful lake called 'Sudarshana' was constructed on the hills of Raivataka during Chandragupta Maurya's time.

48. Adilaj Baoli, Ahmedabad Surangam: Kerala

50. Major dams resulting in increase in irrigated area rom 22.6 mha (1951) to 90 mha (2001) [Sources: Bandyopadhyay J. and D. Gyawali, 1994, Himalayan Water Resources in: Mountain Research and Development 14 (1); Central Statistical Office, Royal Govt. of Bhutan, 1987, Statistical yearbook of Bhutan, Thimpu; UNDP, 1991, Bhutan. Development Cooperation Report, 1990, New York]. Constraints with dams: tectonic impact; generation of electricity remote from beneficiaries; silting reduces life-span of dams; resettlement of people; shifts in transportation routes.

52. Water Security is integrally linked to Gender equality (35% of India’s population is less than 15 years of age: 2001 census) Women in the workforce: girls should go to school, that should be our Sarasvati Vandana This will happen when water is available at the turn of a tap or turn of a bore-pump-switch (water + energy = Bharat Vision 2020)