7. The Culprits Black Rat: Rattus rattus Flea: Xenopsylla cheopsis Yersinia pestis
8. Transmission Flea drinks rat blood that carries the bacteria Flea’s gut clogged with bacteria Bacteria multiply in flea’s gut Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound Human is infected!
Pseudomonas aeruginosa has very simple nutritional requirements. It is often observed "growing in distilled water" which is evidence of its minimal nutritional needs. In the laboratory, the simplest medium for growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa consists of acetate for carbon and ammonium sulfate for nitrogen. It is tolerant to a wide variety of physical conditions, including temperature. It is resistant to high concentrations of salts and dyes, weak antiseptics, and many commonly used antibiotics.
Primary pneumonia occurs in patients with chronic lung disease and congestive heart failure. Lower respiratory tract colonization of cystic fibrosis patients by mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is common and difficult, if not impossible, to treat.
Most Pseudomonas bacteremia is acquired in hospitals and nursing homes. Pseudomonas accounts for about 25 percent of all hospital acquired Gram-negative bacteremias.
The bacterium is infrequently found in the normal ear, but often inhabits the external auditory canal in association with injury, maceration, inflammation, or simply wet and humid conditions.
Pseudomonas can colonize the ocular epithelium by means of a fimbrial attachment to sialic acid receptors. If the defenses of the environment are compromised in any way the bacterium can proliferate rapidly and, through the production of enzymes such as elastase, alkaline protease and exotoxin A, cause a rapidly destructive infection that can lead to loss of the entire eye.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa has a particular tropism for fibrocartilagenous joints of the axial skeleton.
As in the case of E. coli urinary tract infection can occur via an ascending or descending route.
As in other forms of Pseudomonas disease, those involving the GI tract occur primarily in immunocompromised individuals.
Several types of vaccines are being tested, but none is currently available for general use.
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