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CISC vs RISC
by : Kaushik Patra
(kpatra@gmail.com)
a beginner’s reference
Agenda
A quick introduction
Instruction Set Architecture
(ISA)
ISA classification
CISC philosophy
RISC philosophy
Conclusion
Introduction
ISA
Instruction Set Architecture.
An agreement between hardware
and human for making interaction.
Example : ADD R1, R2, R3
Can be represented as :
00101111100001111001010101010101
10111010100011110101001011011010
ISA Classification
Two major schools of ISA
CISC
Complex Instruction Set Computer
RISC
Reduced Instruction Set Computer
CISC Philosophy
Reduce amount of storage used and
accessed - reduce load/store.
Give support for compatibility.
Make compiler’s job easier.
Support complex assembly level
programming.
RISC Philosophy
Execute one instruction per
clock.
Keep all instructions of same
size.
Allow only load / store
instruction to access the memory.
Give support for high level
languages (like C, C++, Java).
Conclusion
CISC -> RISC : A paradigm shift
Assembly -> C / C++ / JAVA
Much more design simplicity with
RISC.
Ensures better pipelining.
Memory is cheaper nowadays
So, go for RISC style design.

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CISC vs RISC Processor Architecture

  • 1. CISC vs RISC by : Kaushik Patra (kpatra@gmail.com) a beginner’s reference
  • 2. Agenda A quick introduction Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) ISA classification CISC philosophy RISC philosophy Conclusion
  • 4. ISA Instruction Set Architecture. An agreement between hardware and human for making interaction. Example : ADD R1, R2, R3 Can be represented as : 00101111100001111001010101010101 10111010100011110101001011011010
  • 5. ISA Classification Two major schools of ISA CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer
  • 6. CISC Philosophy Reduce amount of storage used and accessed - reduce load/store. Give support for compatibility. Make compiler’s job easier. Support complex assembly level programming.
  • 7. RISC Philosophy Execute one instruction per clock. Keep all instructions of same size. Allow only load / store instruction to access the memory. Give support for high level languages (like C, C++, Java).
  • 8. Conclusion CISC -> RISC : A paradigm shift Assembly -> C / C++ / JAVA Much more design simplicity with RISC. Ensures better pipelining. Memory is cheaper nowadays So, go for RISC style design.