Uses of Nanotechnology: 1- Diagnosis and treatment of cancer According to the US National Cancer Institute (OTIR, 2006) “Nanotechnology will change the very foundations of cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prevention”. We have already seen how nanotechnology, an extremely wide and versatile field, can affect many of its composing disciplines in amazingly innovative and unpredictable ways. Q- what is cancer ? Cancer is a disease caused by normal cells changing them so that they grow in an uncontrolled way. The uncontrolled growth can cause problems in one or more of the following ways: -spreading into normal tissues nearby. -causing pressure on other body structure. -spreading to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or blood stream. The word cancer was first applied to the disease by Hippocrates (460–370 B.C.), the Greek philosopher, who used the words carcinos and carcinoma to refer to non-ulcer forming and ulcer forming tumors. The words refer to a crab, probably due to the external appearance of cancerous tumors, which have branch-like projections that resemble the claws of a crab.

1. Karim El-Sayed El-Abassiry

2. Nanotechnology is the science that deals with the
processes that occur at molecular level
and of nanolength scale size.
Pharmaceutical nanotechnology
embraces applications of nanoscience to pharmacy as
nanomaterials, and as devices like drug delivery, diagnostic,
imaging and biosensor.
Introduction

4. Apoptosis
Genetics of cancer

5. Insertion Mutation

6. Shape of the protein

7. Growing older
Tobacco
Sunlight
radiation
Certain chemicals and other substances
Some viruses and bacteria
Certain hormones
Family history of cancer
Alcohol

8. Radiation

9. Cancer treatment
Nanomedicine

10. Diagnosis
Quantum dots
nanoparticles with quantum confinement properties

11. Diagnosis
Sensor test chips
thousands of nanowires

12. Nanowires

13. Nanowire sensor composition

15. Diagnosis
Carbon Nano Tubes
Used to make DNA biosensors

16. Carbon Nano Tubes

18. Diagnosis
Nanoscale Cantilevers
coated with molecules capable of binding to specific
molecules that only cancer cells secrete

21. Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery
Many types of nanoparticles are under various stages of
development as drug delivery systems, including liposomes
and other lipid-based carriers (such as lipid emulsions and
lipid-drug complexes), polymer-drug conjugates, polymer
microspheres, micelles, and various ligand-targeted
products

22. Liposomes and Other Lipid-
based Nanoparticles

24. ∗ targeted to the internalizing antigen CD44 on B16F10 melanoma
cells showed enhanced intracellular drug uptake from the
targeted liposomes when compared with the free form of DOX.
The enhanced uptake was correlated with enhanced cell killing
efficacy. A liposomal formulation of cisplatin that lacked
efficacy demonstrated encouraging therapeutic results when
delivered in an immunoliposome targeted to an internalizing
antigen. Recently, promising results were reported from a
Phase I clinical study that evaluated the effect of MCC-465, a
PEGylated liposomal formulation containing DOX targeted with
an F(ab')2 fragment of a human mAb named GAH, in patients
with metastatic stomach cancer
study of a liposome formulation of
doxorubicin (DOX)