This document discusses using Java and the Eclipse IoT project for end-to-end IoT solutions. It describes how Java can be used for sensors/actuators, gateways to connect devices to networks, and cloud backends for device management. It also outlines how the Eclipse IoT projects like Kura, Paho, Californium, and Moquette can be used at each level of a typical IoT solution.

1. End-to-end IoT solutions with
Java and Eclipse IoT
Benjamin Cabé
Eclipse Foundation

2. Java for IoT?
9+ million Java developers
Java 8 & embedded are fun
Lots of IoT devices running on ARM
Tooling

3. Eclipse IoT
A vivid open-source community
13* projects across the whole IoT chain
* and counting...

4. Your typical IoT solution
Actuators/Sensors
+
Gateway
+
[ Cloud ]
+
User front-end

7. IOT

9. IOT

10. 1. Sensors / Actuators
• Sense the physical environment
• Act on it

11. 1. Sensors / Actuators
• Sense the physical environment
• Act on it
Well… that was easy!

12. 1. Sensors / Actuators
• Manipulate sysfs directly with the File API
• Use Pi4J (hint: ♥︎) to have full support of
GPIO/I2C/SPI
• Use MIDlets with Java ME embedded

13. 1. Sensors / Actuators
• Manipulate sysfs directly with the File API
• Use Pi4J (hint: ♥︎) to have full support of
GPIO/I2C/SPI
• Use MIDlets with Java ME embedded

14. Pi4J – http://pi4j.com
• Complete access to GPIOs/I2C/SPI
• Very mature codebase, based on WiringPi
• Support for popular shields (PiFace,
Gertboard, …)
• Lots of code samples

15. Pi4J in action
GpioController gpio = GpioFactory.getInstance();
GpioPinDigitalOutput pin = gpio.provisionDigitalOutputPin(
RaspiPin.GPIO_01, "MyLED", PinState.HIGH);
Thread.sleep(5000);
pin.low();
Thread.sleep(5000);
pin.toggle();
gpio.shutdown();

16. 2. Gateway
Network by Nicholas Menghini from The Noun Project

17. 2. Gateway
Connect
sensors to the world
Network by Nicholas Menghini from The Noun Project

18. 2. Gateway
Connect
sensors to the world
Network by Nicholas Menghini from The Noun Project
Manage the hardware
and software running
at the edge

19. Connect?
CoAP?
– « HTTP over UDP »
– Expose your device as a resource to the Internet
of Things
MQTT?
– Publish/Subscribe model
– More room for local processing

20. CoAP with Californium
CoapServer, CoapResource, CoapExchange
1. Implement custom resources
(extend CoapResource)
2. Add resources to the CoAP server
3. Start the server

21. CoAP with Californium
import static org.eclipse.californium.core.coap.CoAP.ResponseCode.*; // shortcuts
public class MyResource extends CoapResource {
@Override
public void handleGET(CoapExchange exchange) {
exchange.respond("hello world"); // reply with 2.05 payload (text/plain)
}
@Override
public void handlePOST(CoapExchange exchange) {
exchange.accept(); // make it a separate response
if (exchange.getRequestOptions() ...) {
// do something specific to the request options
}
exchange.respond(CREATED); // reply with response code only (shortcut)
}
}

22. MQTT with Paho
MqttClient c = new MqttClient("tcp://m2m.eclipse.org:1883",
MqttClient.generateClientId());
mqttClient.setCallback(new MqttCallback() {
@Override
public void messageArrived(String topic, MqttMessage message)
throws Exception {
// process received message
// ...
}
});
mqttClient.connect();
mqttClient.subscribe("mygateway/#");
Read more: https://www.eclipse.org/paho/clients/java/

23. Manage?
• Gateway itself
– wireless modem, firewall, …
• Applications
– Install/Uninstall software packages
– Start/Stop applications
• Sensors
– H/W abstraction layer

24. Eclipse Kura
Applications
App 1 App 2 . . . . App n
Network Configuration
Network Management Field
Gateway Basic Services
Device Abstraction
OSGi Application Container
Java VM
Protocols
Connectivity and Delivery
Administration GUI
Operation & Management
Linux
Hardware

25. OSGi with Concierge
OSGi?
– A dynamic component system for Java
– Many standard services
• Eventing, configuration management, UPnP, …
– A target of choice for modular IoT software
Eclipse Concierge provides low footprint
implementation (~300-400kb JAR files)
http://eclipse.org/concierge

26. Eclipse Kura

27. Eclipse Kura

28. Eclipse Kura

29. Eclipse Kura

30. Eclipse Kura

31. Eclipse Kura

32. Eclipse Kura

33. Eclipse Kura

34. Your typical Kura component
• Uses Modbus, CAN-Bus, etc. built-in device
abstraction services
– Or implement your own service

35. Your typical Kura component (2)
• Uses Kura built-in transport services to talk
to the cloud
– TransportService – « raw » protocol
– DataService – local storage, auto reconnect
– CloudService – optimized binary payload,
advanced device management

36. Your typical Kura component (3)
• Implements ConfigurableComponent
– Enables configuration from the UI
– … as well as from the cloud

37. Your typical Kura component (4)
• Bundled with other bundles/components in
a deployment package
– Zip file containing a Manifest & OSGi bundles
• Can be deployed from Kura Web UI or over
the air
Read more: https://wiki.eclipse.org/Kura/Getting_Started

38. 3. Cloud backend
• Allow virtual point-to-point communication
between the IoT devices
• Provide device management capabilities to
manage fleets of devices on the field

39. MQTT broker with Moquette
• Supports QoS 0, 1 and 2
• Aligned with latest MQTT 3.1.1 specification
• Ready to be deployed in OSGi containers
• WebSockets
• Leverages LMAX Disruptor buffer

40. MQTT broker with Moquette
https://code.google.com/p/moquette-mqtt/
Very simple to install:
tar zxf distribution-0.6-bundle-tar.tar.gz
cd bin
./moquette.sh
Note: Moquette has been recently proposed as an
Eclipse IoT project

41. 4. End-user interaction
Mobile
Web
Other IoT gadgets: wearables, …

42. Android
Developing for IoT on Android is dead simple
– MQTT Android service
https://www.eclipse.org/paho/clients/android
– Android Wear: you can easily bridge Google
Play’s DataLayer to MQTT

43. Web
MQTT over Websockets enables direct MQTT
communication from noBackend web-apps
– https://www.eclipse.org/paho/clients/js/
Eclipse Ponte is also a good way to bridge
MQTT or CoAP to HTTP
– https://eclipse.org/ponte

44. Tooling
• Java support in the Eclipse IDE from day 1
• Remote debug
• Java 8 (lambdas, …)
• OSGi
– PDE (Plug-in Development Environment)
– Remote OSGi with mToolkit

45. Moaaar Eclipse IoT and Java!

46. See you soon!

47. See you soon!
http://www.meetup.com/Virtual-IoT

48. Thanks!
<benjamin@eclipse.org>
@kartben
http://iot.eclipse.org

49. Show me the code!
Kura
OSGi runtime
JVM
Cloud Service
DataService
DataTransportService
Administration GUI