1. MANUAL PADDY TRANSPLANTER
 A transplanter is an agricultural machine used for
transplanting seedlings to the field.
 This is very important as it reduces the time taken to
transplant seedlings (when compared to manual
transplanting), thus allowing more time for harvesting.
 Hence, Paddy Transplanter is one type of transplanter
which plants paddy seedlings to the field.

2. INTRODUCTION
 Paddy is the rice grain with husk. It is a wetland crop,
which extensively grows all over the world.
 Rice cultivation is well-suited to countries and regions
with low labour costs and high rainfall.
 In 20th century, transplanter was invented to plant the
seedling into the land which reduced the human efforts
and consumed less time.

3. LITERATURE REVIEW

4. MANUAL METHOD
 In early days, People used to plant the seedlings by their
hands. They used the ropes to plant the seedlings.

5. TRANSPLANTER DURING 1960
 The first machine to transplant paddy seedlings was
introduced in 1960. The machine consists of a seedling
tray, forks, handle and skids

6. EXISTING TRANSPLANTER
 This system was the one which revolutionized and bought
about a quicker and efficient system to plant the paddy
seedlings. It was invented in Japan during 1980.

7. PROBLEM DEFINITION
 The existing paddy transplanter involves the complex mechanism it creates
problem like
 Frequent replacements of links,
 Farmer cannot repair by their own,
 Pulling force required is more.
 Costs about Rs. 18000

9. DESIGNED VIEW

10. WORKING PRINCIPLE
 Paddy seedlings are kept in the tray and allowed to flow
down under gravity.
 The fork which is attached to shaft picks up the seedlings
from the tray and keeps it in horizontal position on the
skid.
 The motion for the shaft is given by hand using chain and
sprocket arrangement.
 Here, Simple four bar mechanism is used to plant paddy
seedlings into the land.

12. FOUR BAR LINKAGE

13. The four bars in link are as follows
 Crank - can rotate a full 360 degrees
 Lever - can rotate through a limited range of angles
 Connecting rod – connects the crank and lever
 Fixed frame – fixed part in linkage.

14. DIMENSIONS OF FOUR BAR LINKAGE
Length of crank = 3.5 cm
Length of lever = 6 cm
Length of connecting rod = 10 cm
Length of fixed frame = 8 cm
GRASHOF CONDITION
S+L ≤ P+Q
3.5 + 10 ≤ 6+8
13.5 ≤ 14
Hence Grashof condition is satisfied.

15. CHAINS
 The chains are used to transmit the power from hand
driving wheel to the shaft in which forks are attached and
it is also to transmit the power to the four bar mechanism.

16. Calculation of Chain Length
Length of chain
L = Lp x Pd
Where Lp is the Length of continuous chain in multiples of
pitches (i.e. approximate no. of links)
Pd = Pitch diameter
Now to find Pitch diameter Pd,
a = (30-50) Pd
Where a is the center distance and assumed it as 110cm
110 = 50Pd
Pd = 2.2 cm

17. Now to find length Lp,
Lp = 2ap + (Z1+Z2)/2 + (((Z1-Z2)/(2X3.14))2/ap)
Where ap is the approx. center distance in multiples of pitches
ap = a/P
= 110/2.2
= 50cm
Lp = 2(50) + (58/2) + ((22/(2x3.14))2/50)
= 100 + 29 + 0.25
Lp = 129.25 cm

18. Length of chain, L = Lp x Pd
= 129.25 x 2.2
L = 284cm
Length of first chain = 284cm
Length of second chain = 85 cm

19. SPROCKETS
• We use Sprockets for hand driving wheel and in the shaft
for rotating the fork and four bar mechanism.
Calculation of Speed of Rotation
Z1=No. of teeth on sprocket pinion
Z2=No. of teeth on sprocket wheel
N1=Speed of rotation of pinion
N2=Speed of rotation of wheel

20. Speed of wheel driven by hand N2=25 rpm
(optimum value)
No. of teeth in sprocket wheel Z2=40
No. of teeth in sprocket pinion Z1=18
Transmission Ratio ‘i‘ N1/N2= Z2/Z1
Z2/Z1= 40/18
= 2.2
Therefore, N1 = 2.2 x 25
Speed of rotation of pinion = 55rpm.

21. TRAY
 Tray is used to keep the paddy seedlings on the transplanter.
 Sheet metal is metal formed by an industrial process into
thin, flat pieces.
DIMENSIONS OF TRAY
Length of sheet metal = 53.5cm
Breadth of sheet metal = 26 cm
Thickness of sheet metal = 0.1cm

22. SHAFT
 Shaft is a revolving rod that transmits motion or power
 Here, the one shaft contains forks and another shaft contains
four bar linkage and power is taken from the hand driven
wheel by chains and sprockets.
SHAFT DIMENSIONS:
Length of the shaft = 30 cm (it is space required between the
paddy seedlings)
Diameter of shaft = 2 cm (it is the optimum diameter for
30cm shaft)

23. FORK
 Fork is used to pick up the paddy seedling from tray and to
keep it on skid.
 There are two forks attached to shaft and distance in
between two fork is 30cm.
 The motion to fork is giving by shaft.
 Total length of fork is 28cm

25. FABRICATION OF FOUR BAR LINKAGE

26. FABRICATION OF FORK

27. FABRICATION OF TRAY

28. FABRICATION MODEL

29. EXISTING MODEL VS PROPOSED MODEL
DESCRIPTION EXISTING MODEL PROPOSED MODEL
WEIGHT 25 17
AMOUNT (Rs.) 18000 7000

30. ADVANTAGES
 Reduces the human effort to a maximum extent.
 Simple design compared to the existing model.
 Easy to repair by Farmers itself and maintenance is less.
 Pulling force is greatly reduced by decreasing the weight of
the model .
 Cost will be reduced from Rs.18000 to Rs.7000

31. LIMITATIONS
 Transplanter can be operated continuously only for 4-5
hours.
 Healthy persons can only be able to pull the transplanter.

32. IN FUTURE
 This project in the future can come across many changes
like an automatic or semi-automatic system with motor
which runs at constant speed attached to shaft instead of
giving power by hand.

33. BILL OF MATERIAL
Sl. No. Components Number
of units
Cost (in
Rs)
Material used
1. Plumber block 2 250 Cast iron
2. Chain 2 550 Cast iron
3. Sprockets 6 650 Mild steel
4. Sheet metal - 500 Aluminum
5. Shaft 2 250 Mild steel
6. Four bar linkage 1 300 Mild steel
7. Skid - 450 Mild steel
8. Handle 1 150 Mild steel
9. Bolts and nuts 10 050 Mild steel
10. Fabrication - 1400 -
Total cost 4550

34. REFERENCES
 Arafa, G.K Ebaid U.T. and El-Gendy H.A. , “
Development of local machine for transplanting”, Journal
of Process Engineering Vol.26,pp.343-358, 2009.
 Baqui A. and Latin R M ,”Human energy expenditure in
manually operated rice transplanter”, Journal of Africa and
Latin America Vol. 19(1):pp. 27-34, 2004.
 Prabhu T.J “Design of Transmission Element”,pp.5.1-
5.22, 2011.
 Goel A C. and Verma K S . , “Comparative study of
directly seeding and transplanted rice”, Journal of Indian
J. Agril. Research Vol. 34(3):pp 194-196, 2000.

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