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karunakar81987

Frame Relay is a packet-switched WAN technology that transports variable-length frames over permanent virtual circuits (PVCs). It provides connection-oriented transmission of user data between two endpoints via a transparent logical link. Frame Relay operates at the data link layer and does not provide error or flow control, relying instead on higher layers for reliability. It offers bandwidth on demand and more efficient use of WAN links compared to traditional leased lines.

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Frame Relay What is it?? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Frame Relay cloud end user Frame Relay interface
Frame Relay What is it about? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],FRAD - Frame Relay Access Device PVC FR switches A B VC - Virtual Circuit PVC - Permanent VC
Frame Relay Standards ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Frame Relay Most important features ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Frame Relay Why was it proposed? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Frame Relay Frame format ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Flag Address field Information field Frame check sequence Flag Frame header 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 address CR EA address FECN BECN DE EA Octet 1 Octet 2
Frame Relay Interface types ,[object Object],[object Object],Frame Relay network Frame Relay network Frame Relay network user user UNI UNI NNI NNI PVC segment Multi-network PVC
Frame Relay Parameters of a UNI interface ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],User traffic 192kbps 64kbps EIR CIR 256kbps time
Frame Relay CIR and EIR - how does it work ,[object Object],[object Object],Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame 5 Within CIR Within CIR Marked DE Marked DE Discarded Bits B C +B E B C T 0 T 0 +T C Time CIR CIR + EIR Clock rate
Frame Relay Flow and congestion control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Transmission direction BECN FECN FRAD FRAD
Frame Relay Local addressing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A B C To A: DLCI 121 To B: DLCI 243 To A: DLCI 182 To C: DLCI 121
Frame Relay Global addressing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Frame Relay Local Management Interface - LMI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Frame Relay Extensions to the standard ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Frame Relay Multiprotocol over Frame Relay ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Frame Relay IARP ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Frame Relay Topologies ,[object Object],[object Object]
Frame Relay FR versus leased line ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Frame Relay FR versus leased lines ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Frame Relay FR versus leased lines ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Frame Relay FR versus leased lines ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Frame Relay How do you really use it ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Frame Relay Case example: Poland ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Frame Really? ,[object Object],[object Object]

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