Introductory presentation on Internationalization.

1. Internationalization

2. Agenda
 What is Internationalization
 What it offers
 Sample Application
 How to use it
 Best Practices
 Questions

3. What is Internationalization
 Internationalization (i18n)
the process of changing your software so that it
isn't hardwired to one language/locale/culture.
 Localization (l10n)
the process of adding the appropriate resources to
your software so that a particular language/locale is
supported.

4. What is Internationalization
 The terms are frequently abbreviated to
the numeronyms i18n (where 18 stands for the number of
letters between the first i and last n in internationalization, a
usage coined at DEC in the 1970s or
80s) and L10n respectively, due to the length of the words.
 Some companies, like IBM and Sun Microsystems, use the
term "globalization" for the combination of
internationalization and localization.
 Microsoft defines Internationalization as a combination of
World-Readiness and localization. World-Readiness is a
developer task, which enables a product to be used with
multiple scripts and cultures (globalization) and separating
user interface resources in a localizable format
(localizability, abbreviated to L12y).

5. What it offers
 Build once, sell anywhere
 Modularity demands it!
 Ease of translation
 “With the addition of localization data, the same
executable can be run worldwide.”

6. Characteristics
 Textual elements such as status messages and
the GUI component labels are not hardcoded in
the program. Instead, they are stored outside the
source code and retrieved dynamically.
 Support for new languages does not require
recompilation.
 Other culturally-dependent data, such as dates
and currencies, appear in formats that conform to
the end-user's region and language.

7. Sample Application
 Before Internationalization
 After Internationalization

8. Before Internationalization

9. After Internationalization
% java I18NSample fr FR
Bonjour.
Comment allez-vous?
Au revoir.
% java I18NSample en US
Hello.
How are you?
Goodbye.

10. How does it work
1) Create Properties Files
2) Define the Locale
3) Create Resource Bundle
4) Fetch Text from Resource Bundle

11. Properties file
 A properties file stores information about the
characteristics of a program or environment. A
properties file is in plain-text format.
 E.g.
greetings = Hello
farewell = Goodbye
inquiry = How are you?

12. Locale
 The Locale object identifies a particular language




and country.
has the form xx_YY
xx is two-character language code (ISO-639)
YY is two-character country code (ISO-3166)
Examples:
 en_US - United States English
 en_GB - Great Britain English
 es_MX - Mexico Spanish (Espanol)

13. 1) Create Properties file
 MessagesBundle_fr_FR.properties
greetings = Bonjour.
farewell = Au revoir.
inquiry = Comment allez-vous?
 Keys remains same, values changes

14. 2) Define the locale

15. 3) Create a ResourceBundle

16. 4) Fetch Text from
ResourceBundle

17. What may need
Internationalization
 Just a few thing
 And some more
 messages
• numbers
 labels on GUI
• currencies







components
online help
sounds
colors
graphics
icons
dates
times
• measurements
• phone numbers
• honorifics and personal
titles
• postal addresses
• page layouts

18. What’s easily translatable?
 Status messages
 Error messages
 Log file entries
 GUI component labels
 BAD!
Button okButton = new Button(“OK”);
 GOOD!
String okLabel = ButtonLabel.getString("OkKey");
Button okButton = new Button(okLabel);

19. What’s NOT (easily translatable)?

“At 1:15 PM on April 13, 1998, we attack the 7 ships on Mars.”
MessageBundle_en_US.properties
template = At {2,time,short} on {2,date,long}, we attack
the {1,number,integer} ships on planet {0}.
planet = Mars
The time portion of a
Date object. The "short"
style specifies the
DateFormat.SHORT
formatting style.
The date portion of a Date
object. The same Date object
is used for both the date and
time variables. In the Object
array of arguments the index
of the element holding the
Date object is 2.
A Number
object, further
qualified with the
"integer" number
style.
The String in the
ResourceBundle
that corresponds
to the "planet"
key.

20. 1. Compound Messages:
messageArguments...
 Set the message
arguments…
 Remember the
numbers in the
template refer to the
index in
messageArguments!

21. 2. Compound Messages:
create formatter...
 Don’t forget setting
the Locale of the
formatter object...

22. 3. Compound Messages:
 Get the template we
defined earlier…
 Then pass in our
arguments!
 And finally RUN...

23. Sample Run…
currentLocale = en_US
At 1:15 PM on April 13, 1998, we attack the 7 ships on the
planet Mars.
currentLocale = de_DE
Um 13.15 Uhr am 13. April 1998 haben wir 7 Raumschiffe auf dem
Planeten Mars entdeckt.

24. What’s NOT (easily translatable)?
 Plurals!
There
There
There
are no files
is one file
are 2 files
on XDisk.
on XDisk.
on XDisk.
Also variable...
3 possibilities
for output
templates.
Possible integer value in
one of the templates.

25. Plurals
ChoiceBundle_en_US.properties
pattern = There {0} on {1}.
noFiles = are no files
oneFile = is one file
multipleFiles = are {2} files
noFiles = are no files
oneFile = is one file
multipleFiles = are {2} files
There are 2 files on XDisk.

26. Plurals
 What’s different?
 Now we even
index our
templates… see
fileStrings, indexe
d with fileLimits.
 First create the
array of templates.

27. Sample Run
currentLocale = en_US
There
There
There
There
are no files on XDisk.
is one file on XDisk.
are 2 files on XDisk.
are 3 files on XDisk.
currentLocale = fr_FR
Il
Il
Il
Il
n' y a pas des
y a un fichier
y a 2 fichiers
y a 3 fichiers
fichiers sur XDisk.
sur XDisk.
sur XDisk.
sur XDisk.

28. Numbers
 Supported through NumberFormat!
o Shows what locales are available. Note, you can also
Locale[] create custom formats if needed.
locales = NumberFormat.getAvailableLocales();
345 987,246
345.987,246
345,987.246
fr_FR
de_DE
en_US

29. Currency
 Supported with:
NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance!
9 876 543,21 F
fr_FR
9.876.543,21 DM
de_DE
$9,876,543.21
en_US

30. A Date and Time
 Supported with:
 DateFormat.getDateInstance
DateFormat dateFormatter =
DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.DEFAULT, currentLocale);
 DateFormat.getTimeInstance
DateFormat timeFormatter =
DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DateFormat.DEFAULT, currentLocale);
 DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance
DateFormat dateTimeFormatter = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(
DateFormat.LONG, DateFormat.LONG, currentLocale);

31. Date example
 Supported with: DateFormat.getDateInstance
9 avr 98
9.4.1998
09-Apr-98
fr_FR
de_DE
en_US

32. Unicode Characters
 16 bit!
 65,536 characters
 Encodes all major languages
 In Java Char is a Unicode character
 See unicode.org/
Future Use
ASCII
0x0000
Greek
Kana
Symbols
Internal
0xFFFF

33. Java support for the Unicode
Char
 Character API:







isDigit
isLetter
isLetterOrDigit
isLowerCase
isUpperCase
isSpaceChar
isDefined
 Unicode Char values accessed with:
String eWithCircumflex = new String("u00EA");

34. Java support for the Unicode
Char
 Example of some repair…
 BAD!
if ((ch
 GOOD!>=
'a' && ch <= 'z') || (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z'))
// ch is a letter
if (Character.isLetter(ch))
// ch is a letter

35. Java support for the Unicode
Char
 Get the Unicode category for a Char:





LOWERCASE_LETTER
UPPERCASE_LETTER
MATH_SYMBOL
CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION
etc...
if (Character.getType('_') == Character.CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION)
// ch is a “connector”

36. Next Steps - Internationalization
 Expedite and make necessary business decisions
 Identify the scope and timelines for
internationalization
 Implement design and code changes

37. Localization
 Identify the specific localization need
 Country / Culture
 Language(s) to be supported
 Pages / Interfaces / data elements to be localized
 Translation
 Language experts for translation
 Localize content (text, graphics, etc)
 Build a translation database, if required
 Implement design & code changes that may arise

38. Questions

39. Thank you ..

40. References:
 http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/i18n/index.h
tml
 https://www.slideshare.net
 https://www.google.com
 http://gwt.googleusercontent.com/samples/Showc
ase/Showcase.html