1. PASSIVE VOICE
აწარმოებს დამხმარე ზმნა (to be)
Active (აქტიური) : Rita writes a letter .
Passive (პასიური): A letter is written by Rita .

2. Passive Voiceის წარმოებისას,
ქვემდებარე და დამატება
გადაცვლიან ადგილებს,ხოლო
დამხმარე ზმნა To Be ჩაჯდება იმ
დროში რა დროშიცაა
საუღლებელი ზმნა ,თავად
საუღლებელი ზმნა კი მიიღებს
ნამყო მიმღეობის ფორმას და
დაიმატებს BY-ს

3. 1) იპოვე ქვემდებარე, შემასმენელი და დამატება !
მაგ:
Rita writes a letter .
Rita (ქვემდებარე) writes (შემასმენელი/საუღლებელი ზმნა) a letter .(დამატება)
2) წინადადება დაიწყე დამატებით Ex: A letter
3) განსაზღვრე რა დროშია საუღლებელი ზმნა Ex: Writes = Present Simple
4) დამდამხმარე ზმნა to be ჩასვი იმ დროში რა დროშიცაა საუღლებელი ზმნა Ex: (ამ
შემთხვევაში Present Simple-ში) A letter is
5) საუღლებელი ზმნა ჩასვი ნამყო მიმღეობაში (ნამყო მიმღეობა => წესიერ ზმნებს+ED,
უწესო ზმნების მესამე ფორმა მაგ : write, wrote, written)
A letter is written
6) A letter is written ს დაუმატე სიტყვა by . მაგ: A letter is written by
7) ქვემდებარე გადადის დამატების ადგილზე , ანუ წინადადების ბოლოში.
A letter is written by Rita .
* ქვემდებარის როლში მყოფი პირის ნაცვალსახელები Passive voice-ში მიიღებს შემდეგ
ფორმას.
I
 Me
You
 You
He
 Him
მაგ :
I wrote a letter – A letter was written by me .
You wrote a letter – A letter was written by you .
He wrote a letter – A letter was written by him .

4. Simple Present
Present Continuous
Simple Past
Past Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Simple Future
WILL
Simple Future
BE GOING TO
Future Continuous
WILL
Future Continuous
BE GOING TO
Active
Passive
Once a week, Tom cleans the house. Once a week, the house is cleaned
by Tom.
Right now, Sarah is writing the letter. Right now, the letter is being written
by Sarah.
Sam repaired the car.
The car was repaired by Sam.
The salesman was helping the
The customer was being helped by
customer when the thief came into the the salesman when the thief came
store.
into the store.
Many tourists have visited that
That castle has been visited by
castle.
many tourists.
Recently, John has been doing the Recently, the work has been being
work.
done by John.
George had repaired many cars
Many cars had been repaired by
before he received his mechanic's
George before he received his
license.
mechanic's license.
Chef Jones had been preparing the The restaurant's fantastic dinners had
restaurant's fantastic dinners for two been being prepared by Chef Jones
years before he moved to Paris.
for two years before he moved to
Paris.
Someone will finish the work by 5:00 The work will be finished by 5:00
PM.
PM.
Sally is going to make a beautiful
A beautiful dinner is going to be
dinner tonight.
made by Sally tonight.
At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be
At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be
washing the dishes.
being washed by John.
At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going to At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes are
be washing the dishes.
going to be being washed by John.

5. Future Perfect
WILL
Future Perfect
They will have completed the project The project will have been
before the deadline.
completed before the deadline.
They are going to have completed
the project before the deadline.
The project is going to have been
completed before the deadline.
The famous artist will have been
painting the mural for over six
months by the time it is finished.
The mural will have been being
painted by the famous artist for over
six months by the time it is finished.
BE GOING TO
The famous artist is going to have
been painting the mural for over six
months by the time it is finished.
The mural is going to have been
being painted by the famous artist for
over six months by the time it is
finished.
Used to
Jerry used to pay the bills.
The bills used to be paid by Jerry.
Would Always
My mother would always make the
pies.
The pies would always be made by
my mother.
Future in the Past
WOULD
I knew John would finish the work by I knew the work would be finished
5:00 PM.
by 5:00 PM.
Future in the Past
WAS GOING TO
I thought Sally was going to make a I thought a beautiful dinner was
beautiful dinner tonight.
going to be made by Sally tonight.
BE GOING TO
Future Perfect Continuous
WILL
Future Perfect Continuous

6.  როდესაც წინადადება იწყება განუსაზღვრელი პირის ნაცვალსახელით
როგორებიცაა: Someone, Something… - Passive Voice-ში არ არის აუცილებელი BY-ს
გამოყენება და არც Someone, Something-ისა.
Someone built this house in 1985.-> This house was built in 1985 . ( This house was built in
1985 by someone )
Someone asked me to call. -> I was asked to call . ( I was asked to call by someone)
• როდესაწ წინადადებაში არის ორი დამატება წინადადება Passive Voiice-ში შეიძლება
ორნაირად ავაგოთ:
მაგ: The company sent a letter to Tomas.
The company (ქვემდებარე) sent (შემასმენელი) to Tomas ( დამატება № 1 ) a letter
(დამატება № 2 )
1) წინადადება დავიწყოთ № 1 დამატებით.
Tomas was sent a letter by the company .
2) წინადადება დავიწყოთ № 2 დამატებით.
A letter was sent to Tomas by the company .