it is based on factors that are because of urbanization and also discuss how to manages urbanization and models.

1. Factors affecting urbanization process
and how urbanization can be
controlled

2.  Urbanization, the process by which large
numbers of people become permanently
concentrated in relatively small areas,
forming cities.
 Natural increase of urbanization can occur if
the natural population growth in the cities is
higher than in the rural areas.

4. Workers
Industrial moved Agricultural
revolution commercial jobs less
hubs

5.  A country is considered to urbanize when over 50
per cent of its population live in the urban areas
(Long 1998).
 An urban area is spatial concentration of
people who are working in non-agricultural
activities.

6. Growing center for modern Financial
production and industry services
Internal commerce Education and
and foreign trade govt.

7. Rural area Urban area
Education High level of
Health education
Safe drinking water Better facilities of
Electricity health
Fresh Food Drinking water
Entertainment Electricity
Jobs Food
Low income people. Entertainment
Jobs opportunity
High level of income

8. (HABITAT 1996, Bilsborrow 1998).

9. Rural urban
migration
Population
growth
Natural
growth of
urban pop reclassification

10. Water
Air
noise
pollution
Environmental
pollution

11. food
traffic
Solid waste

12. Housing and unempoyment
health
homelessness

13. poverty
crime
unemployment

14. political attention.
One problem is to
integrate land- and
water use planning to
provide food and
water security (UNEP
1999).

15. 90 million babies are born
each year
At this rate, by the year
2050, global population
will reach 10 billion.

16. • Rapid population growth not only lessens
available calorie supply from food per
Growing
demand for person but also risks the present food
food and production with pollution.
facilities
• Agricultural food
Problem to food • Industrial food
production

17. acid
co precipitation
acidity of
Lead
waters
photochemical
pollutants

18. Pollution due
to burning of
fuel
Traffic
Traffic Respiratory
jam diseases

19. Local water bodies
are used as a
lack of sanitation and dumping ground for
sewage treatment untreated water
from urban areas.

21.  Solid waste management means proper
collection, transfer, recycling and disposal of
solid wastes.
 The people end up to the illegal dump on
streets, open spaces, wastelands, drains or
rivers. Sometimes they are collected to the
land sites but the protection of water bodies
and groundwater is not active (HABITAT 1996,
Ogu 2000).

22. .
Industrial
operation
Highway Sources of noise Air
traffic crafts
Construction
activities

23.  water is not geographically equally divided
and seasonal changes are extensive.
 In Africa, 14 countries already experience
water stress or water shortage. Another 11
countries will join that list in the next 25
years (Somlyódy et al. 2001, Postel 1992).
20% of the
world’s
pop fall
short to
safe water

24. • Environment-related
diseases or accidents remain
Environmental among the major causes of
problems illness, injury, and
premature death.
link between • Poor environment, housing
environment and living conditions are
the main reasons to the
and health is diseases and poor health
evident.

25.  Atleast once every five years, more than a
half of the world’s population living in the
cities with 100,000 or more inhabitants are
victims of a crime of some kind.
urban violence
Only in Asia this is estimated to
proportion is under grow 3 to 5
50 percent.
percent every
year

26. . The houses are
often small and
overcrowded and 33 to 67 per
also lack facilities cent of the
like; piped water population lives
supplies, the in housing units
removal of excreta that are in poor
and solid wastes,
condition.
drainage and
roads.

27. Informal sector
driving motorbike taxis,
selling low-cost meals,
driving tuc-tucs (open taxis)
or collecting garbage.

28. misemployment
It means that a person
might be full-time
employed, but the task
performed promotes
little to social welfare.

29. Lack of jobs
Inflation
Unskilled
population
unemployme
Over nt
population

30. Waste Recycling -
Environmental New Challenges of
Implication Sustainability
Policy Responses
and Tools to Poverty
manage
Urbanization

31. Regional / Urban
National planning to planning to guide
control urbanization to urbanization to
manageable levels manageable situation
Tool to
manage
Intra-urban
Participation,
management to cope
Partnership and
with urbanization
Governance
problems

32. •Socialism
•People were not allowed
Socialist
to permanently move from
model
the place of birth to urban
area.
•This method was not to
South African control the migration of
model single people but decrease
migration with families