The document discusses the author's PhD research which aims to understand user motivations and barriers to social learning in libraries. It will inform the design of technologies to enhance social learning through methods like participatory action design research. The research includes a case study of an academic library and interviews with users of meetup groups, hackerspaces, and co-working spaces to understand facilitators of social learning.
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Towards Hybrid Informal Learning Spaces: Designing for Digital Encounters in Physical Environments
1. Towards Hybrid Informal Learning
Spaces: Designing for Digital
Encounters in Physical Environments!
!
Mark Bilandzic! !
Urban Informatics Research Lab! Supervisors:!
Queensland University of Technology! Assoc. Prof. Marcus Foth!
PhD Final Seminar! Dr Daniel Johnson!
20 February, 2013! Dr Ronald Schroeter!
Queensland
University
of
Technology,
Urban
Informa:cs
Research
Lab
10. How can smart space
? !!!!!!! ! ! ! !???!
technology
??? be designed to enhance ! !?!
!!!!!!!!
?? social learning! !? !
!!!
among users?!
11. Physical + Digital =
Embodied Hybrid Space!
Embodied
Architecture Social Media
Media
Embodied
Physical Space Social Space
Hybrid Space
(Bilandzic & Foth, 2013, forthcoming)!
12. Library as Place - SWOT!
Place of Scholarship Marginalised Groups
(Fisher, Saxton, Edwards, & Mai, 2007)!
! > General Public
(Aabo, Audunson, & Varheim, 2010;
Public Space / Diversity Hunsucker, 2012; Varheim, Steinmo, & Ide, 2008)!
(Leckie & Hopkins, 2002; Audunson, 2005)! !
!
S!W
Socio-Cultural
Social Capital & Trust
(Cox, 2000; Johnson, 2010; Varheim, 2007)! Context
(Falk & Dierking, 2002; Björneborn, 2010)!
ICT, “Library w/out Walls”
T!O! Commons 2.0 Space
(McDonald, 2006; Niegaard,
Lauridsen, & Schulz, 2009)!
(Lawson, 2008; Pomerantz & Marchionini, 2007)!
! !
Other Third Places Hybrid Space
(Lawson, 2008; Pomerantz & Marchionini, 2007)! (Lawson, 2008; McDonald, 2006; Weise, 2004)!
14. Aim 1: Libraries as Co-working Spaces: A review of locative media, mobile and
Understanding User Motivations and embodied spatial interaction
Understand Perceived Barriers to Social Learning
1 2
Aim 2: Towards Participatory Action Design Towards visualising people’s ecology of
Research: Adapting Action Research and hybrid personal learning environments
Inform Design Science Research Methods for
Urban Informatics
3 7
Meetup Groups, Hackerspaces Learning Beyond Books -
Technology
and Co-working – Some Socio- Strategies for Ambient Media to
Spatial Insights From Where Improve Libraries and
Social Learning Takes Place Collaboration Spaces as Interfaces
People
4 6
for Social Learning
Aim 3 & 4: Hacking, Making, and Self- Making Co-Working Spaces Gel
Directed Social Learning in the for Better Collaboration and Social
Design, Library Learning
Develop
& Evaluate
5 8
15. Aim 1: Libraries as Co-working Spaces: A review of locative media, mobile and
Understanding User Motivations and embodied spatial interaction
Understand Perceived Barriers to Social Learning
1 2
Aim 2: Towards Participatory Action Design Towards visualising people’s ecology of
Research: Adapting Action Research and hybrid personal learning environments
Inform Design Science Research Methods for
Urban Informatics
3 7
Meetup Groups, Hackerspaces Learning Beyond Books -
Technology
and Co-working – Some Socio- Strategies for Ambient Media to
Spatial Insights From Where Improve Libraries and
Social Learning Takes Place Collaboration Spaces as Interfaces
People
4 6
for Social Learning
Aim 3 & 4: Hacking, Making, and Self- Making Co-Working Spaces Gel
Directed Social Learning in the for Better Collaboration and Social
Design, Library Learning
Develop
& Evaluate
5 8
16. Aim 1: Libraries as Co-working Spaces: A review of locative media, mobile and
Understanding User Motivations and embodied spatial interaction
Understand Perceived Barriers to Social Learning
1 2
Aim 2: Towards Participatory Action Design Towards visualising people’s ecology of
Inform Research: Adapting Action Research and hybrid personal learning environments
Design Science Research Methods for
Urban Informatics
3 7
Meetup Groups, Hackerspaces Learning Beyond Books -
Technology
and Co-working – Some Socio- Strategies for Ambient Media to
Spatial Insights From Where Improve Libraries and
Social Learning Takes Place Collaboration Spaces as Interfaces
People
4 6
for Social Learning
Aim 3 & 4: Hacking, Making, and Self- Making Co-Working Spaces Gel
Directed Social Learning in the for Better Collaboration and Social
Design, Library
Understand!5
Learning
Develop
& Evaluate
8
27.
Aim 1: Libraries as Co-working Spaces: A review of locative media, mobile and
Understanding User Motivations and embodied spatial interaction
Understand Perceived Barriers to Social Learning
1 2
Aim 2: Towards Participatory Action Design Towards visualising people’s ecology of
Research: Adapting Action Research and hybrid personal learning environments
Inform Design Science Research Methods for
Urban Informatics
3 7
Meetup Groups, Hackerspaces Learning Beyond Books -
Technology
and Co-working – Some Socio- Strategies for Ambient Media to
Spatial Insights From Where Improve Libraries and
Social Learning Takes Place Collaboration Spaces as Interfaces
People
4 6
for Social Learning
Aim 3 & 4: Hacking, Making, and Self-
Directed Social Learning in the
Making Co-Working Spaces Gel
for Better Collaboration and Social
Design,
Library
Inform!
Learning
Develop
& Evaluate
5 8
28. Place /
3. Urban
Urban Environment
Informatics!
1. Social!
s 3 2. Ubiquitous!
U
Sciences! Computing!
Human Computer
Interaction
1 2
People Artifact
Technology
Artifact
32. PADR
Place /
Urban Environment
s Participatory Action Design Research !
3 U
Human Computer
Action Interaction Design
1
Research! 2
Research!
People Artifact
Technology
Artifact
Participatory
Action Design
Research!
tion Research (Bilandzic & Venable, 2011)!
Design Res
33. Aim 1: Libraries as Co-working Spaces: A review of locative media, mobile and
Understanding User Motivations and embodied spatial interaction
Understand Perceived Barriers to Social Learning
1 2
Aim 2: Towards Participatory Action Design Towards visualising people’s ecology of
Research: Adapting Action Research and hybrid personal learning environments
Inform Design Science Research Methods for
Urban Informatics
3 7
Meetup Groups, Hackerspaces Learning Beyond Books -
Technology
and Co-working – Some Socio- Strategies for Ambient Media to
Spatial Insights From Where Improve Libraries and
Social Learning Takes Place Collaboration Spaces as Interfaces
People
4 6
for Social Learning
Aim 3 & 4: Hacking, Making, and Self- Making Co-Working Spaces Gel
Directed Social Learning in the for Better Collaboration and Social
Design, Library Learning
Develop
& Evaluate
5 8
36. Hybrid Personal Learning Environments!
Hybrid Personal Learning Environments [HPLE]
Technology
- blogs - computers
[HPLE] 1 Technology
- wikis
- websites
- tablets
- smart phones
e.g. blogs, wikis
- forums - podcasts !
- social media
Place
- libraries - office
Place
- museums - studio
- zoos - desk
[HPLE] 2 e.g. museum, cafe,!
- universities - bed
library, hackerspace
- schools !
People
- social - colleagues
People
networks
- meetup
- family
- aquaintences
e.g. friends, meetups,!
groups - neighbours
[HPLE] 3
online collectives!
- friends
!
(Caldwell, Bilandzic, & Foth, 2012)!
37. Aim 1: Libraries as Co-working Spaces: A review of locative media, mobile and
Understanding User Motivations and embodied spatial interaction
Understand Perceived Barriers to Social Learning
1 2
Aim 2: Towards Participatory Action Design Towards visualising people’s ecology of
Research: Adapting Action Research and hybrid personal learning environments
Inform Design Science Research Methods for
Urban Informatics
3 7
Meetup Groups, Hackerspaces Learning Beyond Books -
Technology
and Co-working – Some Socio- Strategies for Ambient Media to
Spatial Insights From Where Improve Libraries and
Social Learning Takes Place Collaboration Spaces as Interfaces
People
4 6
for Social Learning
Aim 3 & 4: Hacking, Making, and Self- Making Co-Working Spaces Gel
Directed Social Learning in the for Better Collaboration and Social
Design, Library Learning
Develop
& Evaluate
5 8
42. Socio-Spatial Facilitators !
Technical facilitate
Facilitation faci
low-intensive!
litat
e lo
mee w-inte
ting nsiv
Social
Facilitation meetings! s e
OpenRegions
Hospitality attract
at
tra
ct
hhigh-intensive
m igh
Spatial Infrastructure ee -
meetings!
tin int
gs en
s iv
e
Location
(Audunson, 2005)!
43. Intensity of the
Meeting
Meetup Groups
Games
Engines Photographic
Society
SNAP
Shut up & Write
high IxDA
Brisbane Jelly
low
Partipants
a few many
(ca. 5 - 30) (ca. 30 - 100)
44. Intensity of the
Meeting
Meetup Groups
Hackerspaces
Games
Engines Photographic HS Brisbane
Society HS Sydney
SNAP
HS Melbourne
Shut up & Write HS Adelaide
high IxDA
Gold Coast Techspace
Brisbane Jelly
low
Partipants
a few many
(ca. 5 - 30) (ca. 30 - 100)
45. Intensity of the
Meeting
Meetup Groups
Hackerspaces
Games
Engines Photographic HS Brisbane
Society HS Sydney
SNAP
HS Melbourne
Shut up & Write HS Adelaide
high IxDA
Gold Coast Techspace
Brisbane Jelly
low
Social Facilitation
Partipants
a few many
(ca. 5 - 30) (ca. 30 - 100)
46. Intensity of the
Meeting
Meetup Groups
Hackerspaces
Games
Engines Photographic HS Brisbane
Society HS Sydney
SNAP
HS Melbourne
Shut up & Write HS Adelaide
high IxDA
Gold Coast Techspace
Brisbane Jelly
Unconferences
Barcamp
Co-Working
Spaces
low Hub Melbourne
Social Facilitation
Partipants
a few many
(ca. 5 - 30) (ca. 30 - 100)
47. Intensity of the
Meeting
Meetup Groups
Hackerspaces
Games
Engines Photographic HS Brisbane
Society HS Sydney
SNAP
HS Melbourne
Shut up & Write HS Adelaide
high IxDA
Gold Coast Techspace
Technical Facilitation
Brisbane Jelly
Unconferences
Barcamp
Co-Working
Spaces
low Hub Melbourne
Social Facilitation
Partipants
a few many
(ca. 5 - 30) (ca. 30 - 100)
48. Intensity of the
Meeting
Meetup Groups
Hackerspaces
Games
Engines Photographic HS Brisbane
Society HS Sydney
SNAP
HS Melbourne
Shut up & Write HS Adelaide
high IxDA
Gold Coast Techspace
Technical Facilitation
Brisbane Jelly
Unconferences
Barcamp
Thought Fort
Salt House
Shared Office Co-Working
Spaces Spaces
low Hub Melbourne
Social Facilitation
Partipants
a few many
(ca. 5 - 30) (ca. 30 - 100)
49. Intensity of the
Meeting
Meetup Groups
Hackerspaces
Games
Engines Photographic HS Brisbane
Society HS Sydney
SNAP
HS Melbourne
Shut up & Write HS Adelaide
high IxDA
Gold Coast Techspace
Technical Facilitation
Brisbane Jelly
Unconferences
Barcamp
Thought Fort
Salt House
Shared Office Co-Working
Spaces Spaces
low Hub Melbourne
Public Libraries
Social Facilitation
Partipants
a few many
(ca. 5 - 30) (ca. 30 - 100)
50. facilitate
low-intensive!
Technical
Facilitation meetings!
faci
l
itat
e lo
mee w-inte
Social ting nsiv
s e
Facilitation
OpenRegions
51. Aim 1: Libraries as Co-working Spaces: A review of locative media, mobile and
Understanding User Motivations and embodied spatial interaction
Understand
Design, Develop & Evaluate!
Perceived Barriers to Social Learning
1 2
Aim 2: Towards Participatory Action Design
Research: Adapting Action Research and
Towards visualising people’s ecology of
hybrid personal learning environments
Inform Design Science Research Methods for
Urban Informatics
3 7
Meetup Groups, Hackerspaces Learning Beyond Books -
Technology
and Co-working – Some Socio- Strategies for Ambient Media to
Spatial Insights From Where Improve Libraries and
Social Learning Takes Place Collaboration Spaces as Interfaces
People
4 6
for Social Learning
Aim 3 & 4: Hacking, Making, and Self- Making Co-Working Spaces Gel
Directed Social Learning in the for Better Collaboration and Social
Design, Library Learning
Develop
& Evaluate
5 8
61. + High Diversity
Incidental Learning!
Social Learning!
Low-intensive Encounters!
+ No Agenda
Self-directed Learning!
Intrinsic Motivation!
Exploration & Experimentation!
= Self-Directed
Social Learning!
62. 4 Implications
for Learning Spaces
!
1. Increase Awareness
& Social Learning Opportunities!
2. Facilitate Social Encounters/Interactions!
3. Provide Access to Learning Material!
4. Support Informal Socialisation!
63.
Aim 1: Libraries as Co-working Spaces: A review of locative media, mobile and
Understanding User Motivations and embodied spatial interaction
Understand Perceived Barriers to Social Learning
1 2
Aim 2: Towards Participatory Action Design Towards visualising people’s ecology of
Research: Adapting Action Research and hybrid personal learning environments
Inform Design Science Research Methods for
Urban Informatics
3 7
Meetup Groups, Hackerspaces Learning Beyond Books -
Technology
and Co-working – Some Socio- Strategies for Ambient Media to
Spatial Insights From Where Improve Libraries and
Social Learning Takes Place Collaboration Spaces as Interfaces
People
4 6
for Social Learning
Aim 3 & 4: Hacking, Making, and Self- Making Co-Working Spaces Gel
Directed Social Learning in the for Better Collaboration and Social
Design, Library Learning
Develop
& Evaluate
5 8
64. facilitate
low-intensive!
Technical
Facilitation meetings!
faci
l
itat
e lo
mee w-inte
Social ting nsiv
s e
Facilitation
OpenRegions
69. Design Question 1!
How can the physical
environment of a collaboration
space better reflect the
?
community of co-present
users as a resource for
information? !
70. Design Question 2!
How can collaboration spaces facilitate
shared encounters and
conversations, hence nourish
?
an interactive, engaging, and
collaborative culture
amongst its users? !
77. User The Edge /
Checkin-Point
physical presence real-time update
RFID user card load user profile
public screen
web user profile
- skills (how can I help other users?) thermal printer
- needs (how can other users help me?)
- interests user profile
ticket
Website /
Database
82. Recap
Libraries as Co-working Spaces: A review of locative media, mobile and
Understanding User Motivations and embodied spatial interaction
Perceived Barriers to Social Learning
1 2
Towards Participatory Action Design Towards visualising people’s ecology of
Research: Adapting Action Research and hybrid personal learning environments
Design Science Research Methods for
Urban Informatics
3 7 !
Meetup Groups, Hackerspaces Learning Beyond Books -
Technology
and Co-working – Some Socio- Strategies for Ambient Media to
Spatial Insights From Where Improve Libraries and
Social Learning Takes Place Collaboration Spaces as Interfaces
People
4 6
for Social Learning
Hacking, Making, and Self- Making Co-Working Spaces Gel
Directed Social Learning in the for Better Collaboration and Social
Library Learning
5 8
83. Hybrid Tool for Placemaking!
(Bilandzic, Schroeter, & Foth, 2013, in review)!
84. Mark Bilandzic
@kavasmlikon
mark.bilandzic@qut.edu.au!
!
Urban Informatics Research Lab!
Queensland University of Technology!
Queensland
University
of
Technology,
Urban
Informa:cs
Research
Lab
85. References I!
Aabo, S., & Audunson, R. (2012). Use of library space and the library as place. Library
& Information Science Research, 34, 138-149.!
Aabo, S., Audunson, R., & Varheim, A. (2010). How do public libraries function as
meeting places? Library & Information Science Research, 32, 16-26.!
Audunson, R. (2005). The public library as a meeting-place in a multicultural and
digital context: The necessity of low-intensive meeting-places. Journal of
Documentation, 61(3), 429-441.!
Bilandzic, M., & Foth, M. (2013, forthcoming). Learning Beyond Books - Strategies for
Ambient Media to Improve Libraries and Collaboration Spaces as Interfaces for Social
Learning. Special Issue on Ambient Media Applications Linking the Digital Overlay
with the Real Physical World.!
Bilandzic, M., Schroeter, R., & Foth, M. (2013, in review). Gelatine: Making Co-
Working Spaces Gel for Better Collaboration and Social Learning. Theme Issue on
Designing Collaborative Interactive Spaces in the Journal of Personal and Ubiquitous
Computing.!
Bilandzic, M., & Venable, J. (2011). Towards Participatory Action Design Research:
Adapting Action Research and Design Science Research Methods for Urban
Informatics. Journal of Community Informatics. Special Issue: Research in Action:
Linking Communities and Universities, 7(3).!
86. References II!
Björneborn, L. (2010). Design dimensions enabling divergent behaviour across
physical, digital, and social library interfaces. Paper presented at the Proceedings of
the 5th international conference on Persuasive Technology. !
Caldwell, G., Bilandzic, M., & Foth, M. (2012). Towards visualising people’s ecology of
hybrid personal learning environments. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 4th
Media Architecture Biennale Conference: Participation. !
Cox, E. (2000). A safe place to go – Libraries and Social Capital. Sydney.!
Falk, J. H., & Dierking, L. D. (2002). Lessons without limit: how free-choice learning is
transforming education. Walnut Creek, CA Oxford: AltaMira Press.!
Fisher, K. E., Saxton, M. L., Edwards, P. M., & Mai, J.-E. (2007). Seattle Public Library
as Place: Reconceptualizing Space, Community, and Information at the Centrai
Library. In J. Buschman & G. J. Leckie (Eds.), The library as place: History,
community, and culture (pp. 135-160). Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.!
Freeman, G. T. (2005). The library as place: changes in learning patterns, collections,
technology, and use. Library as place: Rethinking roles, rethinking space, 1-10.!
Goffman, E. (1966). Behavior in public places : notes on the social organization of
gatherings. New York: Free Press.!
87. References III!
Grebow, D. (2002). At the water cooler of learning. Transforming Culture: An
Executive Briefing on the Power of Learning, Batten Institute, Darden Graduate
School of Business, University of Virginia, 55ñ57.!
Hunsucker, R. L. (2012). Local Public Libraries Serve Important Functions as Meeting
Places, but Demographic Variables Appear Significant, Suggesting a Need for
Extensive Further Research (Vol. 7).!
Johnson, C. A. (2010). Do public libraries contribute to social capital?: A preliminary
investigation into the relationship. Library & Information Science Research, 32(2),
147-155.!
Lawson, K. (2008). Libraries as hybrid space. 36th annual conference of the Canadian
Association for Information Science (CAIS).!
Leckie, G. J., & Hopkins, J. (2002). The public place of central libraries: Findings from
Toronto and Vancouver. The Library Quarterly, 326-372.!
McDonald, A. (2006). The ten commandments revisited: the qualities of good library
space. LIBER quarterly, 16(2), 104-119.!
Michelis, D., & Müller, J. (2011). The audience funnel: Observations of gesture based
interaction with multiple large displays in a city center. Intl. Journal of
Human–Computer Interaction, 27(6), 562-579.!
88. References IV!
Mocker, D. W., & Spear, G. E. (1982). Lifelong Learning: Formal, Nonformal, Informal,
and Self-Directed. Information Series No. 241.!
Niegaard, H., Lauridsen, J., & Schulz, K. (2009). Library space: inspiration for
buildings and design: Danmarks Biblioteksforening.!
Pomerantz, J., & Marchionini, G. (2007). The digital library as place. Journal of
Documentation, 63(4), 505-533.!
Thomas, D., & Brown, J. S. (2011). A New Culture of Learning: Cultivating the
Imagination for a World of Constant Change: CreateSpace.!
Tough, A. (1979). The Adult's Learning Projects. A Fresh Approach to Theory and
Practice in Adult Learning.!
Varheim, A. (2007). Social capital and public libraries: The need for research. Library
& Information Science Research, 29(3), 416-428.!
Varheim, A., Steinmo, S., & Ide, E. (2008). Do libraries matter? Public libraries and the
creation of social capital. Journal of Documentation, 64(6), 877-892.!
Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society.!
Weise, F. (2004). Being there: the library as place. Journal of the Medical Library
Association, 92, 6-13.!
!
89. Publications I !
Bilandzic, M., & Foth, M. (2013, forthcoming). Libraries as
Co-working Spaces: Understanding User Motivations and
Perceived Barriers to Social Learning. Library Hi Tech.!
!
!
Bilandzic, M., & Foth, M. (2012). A review of locative media,
mobile and embodied spatial interaction. International
Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 70(1), 66-71.!
!
!
!
90. Publications II !
Bilandzic, M., & Venable, J. (2011). Towards Participatory Action
Design Research: Adapting Action Research and Design Science
Research Methods for Urban Informatics. Journal of Community
Informatics. Special Issue: Research in Action: Linking Communities
and Universities, 7(3).!
Bilandzic, M. & Foth, M. (2013, being written) Meetup Groups,
Hackerspaces and Co-working – Some Socio-Spatial Insights From
Where Social Learning Takes Place. Society and Space -
Environment and Planning D.!
Bilandzic, M., & Foth, M. (2013, forthcoming). Learning Beyond
Books - Strategies for Ambient Media to Improve Libraries and
Collaboration Spaces as Interfaces for Social Learning. Special
Issue on Ambient Media Applications Linking the Digital Overlay with
the Real Physical World.!
Caldwell, G., Bilandzic, M., & Foth, M. (2012). Towards visualising
people’s ecology of hybrid personal learning environments.
Proceedings of the 4th Media Architecture Biennale Conference:
Participation.!
91. Publications III!
Bilandzic, M. (2013, in review). Hacking, Making, and Self-
Directed Social Learning in the Library. Learning Environments
Research.!
!
!
Bilandzic, M., Schroeter, R., & Foth, M. (2013, in review).
Gelatine: Making Co-Working Spaces Gel for Better
Collaboration and Social Learning. Theme Issue on Designing
Collaborative Interactive Spaces in the Journal of Personal and
Ubiquitous Computing.!
