1. Interfaces DhrubojyotiKayal

2. Some classes are better of just defining common behavior You also want to prevent possibility of creating instances of this class Make the class abstract public class Shape{ public abstract void draw() { } } Abstract class

3. A class containing abstract methods is called an abstract class. If a class contains one or more abstract methods, the class itself must be qualified as abstract public abstract class Shape { public abstract void draw(); } Abstract Class

4. You cannot create an object of a class declared abstract If you inherit from an abstract class and you want to make objects of the new type, you must provide method definitions for all the abstract methods in the base class If you don’t (and you may choose not to), then the derived class is also abstract, and the compiler will force you to qualify that class with the abstract keyword. It’s possible to make a class abstract without including any abstract methods You can have methods in an abstract class which have reusable code and they themselves are not declared abstract Abstract Class

5. Create an abstract Java class with one abstract method and another non abstract method Try to create an instance of the abstract class Excerise

6. The interface keyword produces a completely abstract class, one that provides no implementation at all. It allows the creator to determine method names, argument lists, and return types, but no method bodies. An interface provides only a form, but no implementation. An interface says, "All classes that implement this particular interface will look like this." Any code that uses a particular interface knows what methods might be called for that interface, and that’s all. So the interface is used to establish a "protocol" between classes Interfaces

7. To create an interface, use the interface keyword instead of the class keyword Same access specifiers work as with classes, but mostly public An interface can also contain fields, but these are implicitly static and final. To make a class that conforms to a particular interface (or group of interfaces), use the implements keyword Interfaces

8. public interface Singable { public void sing(); } public class Parrot implements Singable { public void sing() { } public void fly() { } } Interface in Action

9. Design an interface to ensure that Shape class and its children– Rectangle, Square can be drawn Design an interface to ensure that Shape class and its children – Rectangle, Square can be filled with color Now write a Test class and create two references one each of the children and assign them to a Shape variable. Invoke the different methods Now try assigning the Shape references to the interface variables. Try invoking the methods Exercise

10. Just like class it is possible to extend an interface public interface A { public int a(); } public interface B extends a { } Extending an interface

11. Q&A