1. The Middle Ages # 2

2. The Bubonic Plague “The Black Death” Named because of the color of skin of victim and buboes Spread throughout Europe from 1347-1350 Preempted by…

3. Great Famine “Seven lean years” (1315-1322) A lack of food due to an increase in storms Now thought to be a major climate change Also known as the Little Ice Age (LIA) As a result, people were more susceptible to diseases

4. Caused by bacteria called YersiniaPestis Carried in stomach of fleas which bit rats, who then transferred it to humans by biting them Can be transmitted Bubonic (flea is transmitter) Pneumonic, means?from human to human

7. "Ring Around the Rosie" Ring around the rosey: Referring to ring that appear on the skin because of the plague. -Pocket full of posies: Poises are a strong smelling flower, so people filled their pockets with them to hide the smell that the plague gave off so people wouldn't know they had it. -Ashes, Ashes: Refers to people being burnt to ashes after they died because they couldn't be buried or the infection would spread. -We all fall down!: Referring to people dying. Could be an urban legend????????

8. Giovanni Boccaccio-1313-1375 Italian writer that described the course of the Black Death Pinpointed rats as the spread of the disease Preface of his book The Decameron Collection of small novels 7 women and 3 men fleeing from the plague to a villa told stories to pass the time

9. 1st Great Schism (1054) Schism means to split Split of the Christian world between east and west East is the Eastern Orthodox Church Led by Bishop of Constantinople (Patriarch) Spoke Greek West it the Catholic Church Led by Bishop of Rome (Pope) Spoke Latin Patriarch of Constantinople: Bartholomew Pope Benedict XVI

10. Great Schism (cont’d) Controversy followed over who was the real leader of the Christian world Pope Leo IX said that Rome was the only authority Petrine Theory: Theory that states that Peter received keys to church and became the first Bishop of Rome (Pope) Differences between Orthodox and Catholic Churches Philosophical Understanding Liturgical Usage Language Custom

12. Issued cry for first crusade

14. Crusades (cont’d) “Successful failures” Christians did not accomplish their goal, but as a result trade is increased with the middle-east As a result of the Crusades, Feudalism is weakeneddue to lack of serfs because of the Plague

15. Pope Gregory IX and Inquisition Pope Gregory IXWanted to investigate heresy and correct errors within Catholic faith Thought it was “poisoning society spiritually” Causing people to stray from church Eliminated heresy by killing or excommunicating anyone who questioned Catholicism Doctrine Occurred in Spain, Rome, and throughout Western Europe

16. Avignon Papacy (1309-1378) When the seat of power in the Catholic Church was in Avignon, France(southeastern France) Claimed to be more important than Rome Papacy was under control of French Kings Originally moved because Pope Clement V was pressured by King Philip of France Wanted French Monarchy to have more influence on the Catholic church 7 popes held power while seated in Avignon

17. Avignon Papacy (cont’d) AKA: Babylonian Captivity 70 years Hebrews were held captive by Babylonians 1378- seat of power moved back to Rome 1378-1414: Second Great Schism (Papal) Confusion as to who was the real Pope; Pope in Rome? or Pope in Avignon? Cardinals didn’t like incumbent pope Urban VI They elected to new pope- Clement VII Council of Constance (1414-1418) Council created to end Papal Schism **both the Babylonian Captivity & Great Schism demonstrate the vulnerability of the papacy to the increasingly powerful monarchies!!!!

18. The Conciliar Movement Reform Movement in the Catholic Church following the Second Great Schism (Papal Schism) Emerged as response to Avignon Papacy Resulted in having two or three different Popes (antipopes) Gave Pope supreme power Conciliarists—Definition? Pg. 356…

19. 3 Reformers of Church Marsiglio of Padua (1275-1342) John Wyclif (1324-1384) Jan Huss (1369-1415)

20. Marsiglio de Padua:1275–1342 Italian Scholar Thought that Papacy’s power was dangerous to individual country’s government Church should be under state **focused on political & administrative issues Was excommunicated by Papacy

21. John Wyclif: 1330–1384 Started the political and religious movement of the mid-14th century Followers were called, Lollards(from a Dutch word for mumble) Mumbled prayers and songs wherever they went Believed that church should lead a simple life Such as the Apostles did in biblical times Scriptures alone should be standard **Focused on theological issues

22. Jan Huss: 1372–1415 Czech priest, philosopher turned reformer Key predecessor of Protestant Movement Had similar ideals as Wycliffe Criticized the Church's wealth & attached the issuing of indulgences Burned at the stake for crimes of heresy Examine a the manuscript illustration of his execution on page 357!

23. Peasant revolts Why? Jacquerie(zhah-kuh-ree)? Pp. 358 Uprising of the French peasantry, after the costs of the Hundred Years’ War fell disproportionately on the poor (nobles killed, their families were attacked). The upper class united to put down the revolt 1381-English peasant revolts? Revolt by Eng. Peasants in 1381 in response to changing economic conditions. Could this happen today with our current economic strife? View Map on pg. 360 on the 14th C. revolts

24. Lay Piety 14th & 15th Centuries—rise of laypeople due to the weakening of the Church during this time 1. confraternities: Voluntary lay groups organized by occupation, devotional preference, neighborhood or charitable activity