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3D Rendering Pipeline Explained Step-by-Step

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Ketan Jani
Ketan Jani

The document describes the 3D rendering pipeline which involves a sequence of transformations to draw 3D primitives into a 2D image. The key steps are: 1) Model transformation to transform objects into the 3D world coordinate system. 2) Viewing transformation to transform objects into the 3D viewing coordinate system based on camera position and orientation. 3) Projection transformation to project the 3D viewing coordinates onto a 2D plane. 4) Viewport transformation to map the 2D projected coordinates to the 2D viewport.

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3D Viewing 고려대학교 컴퓨터 그래픽스 연구실 cgvr.korea.ac.kr
3d Rendering Pipeline cgvr.korea.ac.kr Model Transformation Lighting Viewing Transformation Projection Transformation Clipping Viewport Transformation Scan Conversion 3D Primitives Image This is a pipelined sequence of operations to draw a 3D primitive into a 2D image for direct illumination
In Pipeline ,[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr Model Transformation Lighting Viewing Transformation Projection Transformation Clipping Viewport Transformation Scan Conversion Image 3D Primitives
In Pipeline ,[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr Model Transformation Lighting Viewing Transformation Projection Transformation Clipping Viewport Transformation Scan Conversion Image ,[object Object],3D Primitives
In Pipeline ,[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr Model Transformation Lighting Viewing Transformation Projection Transformation Clipping Viewport Transformation Scan Conversion Image ,[object Object],[object Object],3D Primitives
In Pipeline ,[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr Model Transformation Lighting Viewing Transformation Projection Transformation Clipping Viewport Transformation Scan Conversion Image ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3D Primitives
In Pipeline ,[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr Model Transformation Lighting Viewing Transformation Projection Transformation Clipping Viewport Transformation Scan Conversion Image ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3D Primitives
In Pipeline ,[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr Model Transformation Lighting Viewing Transformation Projection Transformation Clipping Viewport Transformation Scan Conversion Image ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3D Primitives
In Pipeline ,[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr Model Transformation Lighting Viewing Transformation Projection Transformation Clipping Viewport Transformation Scan Conversion Image ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3D Primitives
Transformation ,[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr Model Transformation Lighting Viewing Transformation Projection Transformation Clipping Viewport Transformation Scan Conversion Image ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3D Primitives
Transformation cgvr.korea.ac.kr ,[object Object],Model Transformation Viewing Transformation Projection Transformation Viewport Transformation p(x’, y’) P(x, y, z) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3D Viewing Coordinate 3D Object Coordinate 3D World Coordinate
Viewing Transformation cgvr.korea.ac.kr ,[object Object],Model Transformation Viewing Transformation Projection Transformation Viewport Transformation p(x’, y’) P(x, y, z) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Viewing Transformation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr X Y Z ,[object Object]
Transformation from WC to VC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr General sequence of translate-rotate transformation
Transformation from WC to VC (cont’) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr
Transformation from WC to VC (cont’) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr
Camera Models ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr
Viewing Parameters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr
Viewing Coordinate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr X Y ,[object Object],Viewing right vector maps to X axis Viewing back vector maps to Z axis (potting out of page)
Viewing Transformation ,[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr Right Up Back Eye (0, 0, 1) (0, 1, 0) (1, 0, 0) Matrix
Viewing Transformation cgvr.korea.ac.kr ,[object Object],Model Transformation Viewing Transformation Projection Transformation Viewport Transformation p(x’, y’) P(x, y, z) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Projection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr
Taxonomy of Projections cgvr.korea.ac.kr Planar geometric projection Parallel Perspective Orthographic Oblique Top Front Side Axonometric Cabinet Cavalier Other One-point Two-point Three-point
Parallel & Perspective ,[object Object],[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr
Taxonomy of Projections cgvr.korea.ac.kr Planar geometric projection Parallel Perspective Orthographic Oblique Top Front Side Axonometric Cabinet Cavalier Other One-point Two-point Three-point
Parallel Projection ,[object Object],[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr View Plane DOP
Taxonomy of Projections cgvr.korea.ac.kr Planar geometric projection Parallel Perspective Orthographic Oblique Top Front Side Axonometric Cabinet Cavalier Other One-point Two-point Three-point
Parallel Projection View Volume cgvr.korea.ac.kr
Orthographic & Oblique ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr
Orthographic Projections ,[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr
Orthographic Projections ,[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr Front Top Side
Orthographic Coordinates cgvr.korea.ac.kr
Oblique Projections ,[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Oblique Projections ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr
Parallel Projection Matrix ,[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr Where L 1 is the inverse of tan α , which is also the value of L when z =1
Parallel Projection Matrix ,[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr
Parallel Projection Matrix cgvr.korea.ac.kr
Taxonomy of Projections cgvr.korea.ac.kr Planar geometric projection Parallel Perspective Orthographic Oblique Top Front Side Axonometric Cabinet Cavalier Other One-point Two-point Three-point
Perspective Projection ,[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr View Plane Center of Projection Projectors
Perspective Projection ,[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr
Perspective Projection ,[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr Three-point perspective
Perspective Projection ,[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr Three-point perspective Two-point perspective
Perspective Projection ,[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr Three-point perspective Two-point perspective One-point perspective
Perspective Projection View Volume cgvr.korea.ac.kr
Perspective Projection ,[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr
Perspective Projection ,[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr
Perspective Projection Matrix ,[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr
Perspective Projection Matrix ,[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr
Perspective Projection Matrix cgvr.korea.ac.kr Perspective projection Perspective transformation Orthographic projection Center of Projection on the x axis Center of Projection on the y axis
Perspective Projection Matrix cgvr.korea.ac.kr 2-point perspectives 3-point perspectives
Taxonomy of Projections cgvr.korea.ac.kr Planar geometric projection Parallel Perspective Orthographic Oblique Top Front Side Axonometric Cabinet Cavalier Other One-point Two-point Three-point
Perspective vs. Parallel ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],cgvr.korea.ac.kr
Classical Viewing cgvr.korea.ac.kr

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3D Rendering Pipeline Explained Step-by-Step

  • 1. 3D Viewing 고려대학교 컴퓨터 그래픽스 연구실 cgvr.korea.ac.kr
  • 2. 3d Rendering Pipeline cgvr.korea.ac.kr Model Transformation Lighting Viewing Transformation Projection Transformation Clipping Viewport Transformation Scan Conversion 3D Primitives Image This is a pipelined sequence of operations to draw a 3D primitive into a 2D image for direct illumination
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  • 23. Taxonomy of Projections cgvr.korea.ac.kr Planar geometric projection Parallel Perspective Orthographic Oblique Top Front Side Axonometric Cabinet Cavalier Other One-point Two-point Three-point
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  • 25. Taxonomy of Projections cgvr.korea.ac.kr Planar geometric projection Parallel Perspective Orthographic Oblique Top Front Side Axonometric Cabinet Cavalier Other One-point Two-point Three-point
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  • 27. Taxonomy of Projections cgvr.korea.ac.kr Planar geometric projection Parallel Perspective Orthographic Oblique Top Front Side Axonometric Cabinet Cavalier Other One-point Two-point Three-point
  • 28. Parallel Projection View Volume cgvr.korea.ac.kr
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  • 37. Parallel Projection Matrix cgvr.korea.ac.kr
  • 38. Taxonomy of Projections cgvr.korea.ac.kr Planar geometric projection Parallel Perspective Orthographic Oblique Top Front Side Axonometric Cabinet Cavalier Other One-point Two-point Three-point
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  • 44. Perspective Projection View Volume cgvr.korea.ac.kr
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  • 49. Perspective Projection Matrix cgvr.korea.ac.kr Perspective projection Perspective transformation Orthographic projection Center of Projection on the x axis Center of Projection on the y axis
  • 50. Perspective Projection Matrix cgvr.korea.ac.kr 2-point perspectives 3-point perspectives
  • 51. Taxonomy of Projections cgvr.korea.ac.kr Planar geometric projection Parallel Perspective Orthographic Oblique Top Front Side Axonometric Cabinet Cavalier Other One-point Two-point Three-point
  • 52.