Design Restful Web Service, use SpringMVC as Example

Design REST-ful Web Service - Use Spring MVC as Example kevingo

REpresentationalState Transfer Apache co-founder Apache HTTP Server project developer HTTP 1.0 / 1.1 spec author Roy T. Fielding http://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/rest_arch_style.htm

A style of software architecture for distributed hypermedia systems.

REST 是一種軟體架構風格適合用來開發Web Service

萬物皆資源 Any information that can be named can be a resource { 'obj1': { 'child1':'value1', 'child2':'value2' }, 'array1': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]} <People> <name>Fu</name> <Age>10</Age> </People>

任何資源都用URL表達 http://itri.com/proj/i236 http://itri.com/people/kevingo

相同資源，格式可能不同 http://xxx.com/article

回想REST的全名… REpresentational 對於資源在特定時刻的狀態的描述 State 資源的狀態 Transfer 資源在ClientSide和Server Side之間的轉移

REST 說穿了 … Service Provider 我要 XXX 透過HTTP 這是 OOO

RESTful … forget -> forgetful : 忘記 -> 健忘的 color -> colorful : 顏色 -> 多顏色的 peace -> peaceful : 和平 -> 和平的 ….

REST->RESTful 符合REST規範的

使用URL來表達資源工研院的i236計畫 http://itri.org/project/i236 參與工研院paas計畫的人員 http://itri.org/project/paas/people

利用HTTP定義的動詞方法來進行資源的操作 GET POST PUT DELETE

其他還有… Cacheable Client–server Layered system Code on demand

http://itri.org/addProject?name=i236 http://itri.org/showProject?name=i236 http://itri.org/deleteProject?name=i236 http://itri.org/editProject?name=i236

GET http://itri.org/project/i236 DELETE POST PUT

REST的優點 Scalability - stateless 搜尋引擎喜歡Clean URL 統一的存取介面 –HTTPMethod 使用HTTP Catch和proxy server提高負載程度

關於HTTP方法我們可以懂得更多

Spring MVC REST in Java Spring 3.0

annotation-based programming model

使用annotation減少繼承宣告配合context:component-scan 減少XML設定文件

@Controller 聲明這是一個Controller類別

@Controller public class ProjectController {…} 取代 public class ProjectController extends xxxController {…}

@RequestMapping 將請求轉交至對應的類別或方法

可以用在類別上 @Controller @RequestMapping(value=“/projects”) public class ProjectController {…} 也可以用在方法上 @RequestMapping(value=“/projects”) public ModelAndView show() {…}

還可以指定請求的方法 @RequestMapping(value=“/projects”, method=RequestMethod.POST) public ModelAndView show() {…} 連請求的header都可以指定 @RequestMapping(headers=“content-type=text/*”) public ModelAndView show() {…}

@PathVariable 將URL的參數和方法的參數進行綁定

URL參數會傳入方法中 @RequestMapping(“/project/{name}”) public ModelAndView show(@PathVariable String name) {…}

貼心的Spring幫我們解決… 在web.xml加入HiddenHttpMethodFilter 1 使用spring form tag來指定http method (PUT or DELETE) 2 其實是用POST發出請求，只是偷偷塞了一個hidden field來放真正的HTTP Method 3 HiddenHttpMethodFilter會根據真正的HTTP Method幫我們轉發到正確的Controller

<form:form action="project" method="delete"> <input type="submit" value="Delete Project" name=“i236" /> </form:form> <form id="command" action="project/i236" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete"/> <input type="submit" value="Delete i236" name="i236" /> </form>

每次要使用REST都要產生一個form？

使用RestTemplate類別輕鬆呼叫RESTResources 謝謝Spring 3.0

GET – getForObject POST – postForObject PUT – put DELETE – delete ….. http://static.springsource.org/spring/docs/3.0.x/javadoc-api/org/springframework/web/client/RestTemplate.html

三種作法在Request Header裡面宣告 GET /project/i236 HTTP/1.1 Accept: text/html GET/project/i236 HTTP/1.1 Accept: application/json ,[object Object]

使用額外參數/project/i236.json /project/i236.html /project/i236?format=json /project/i236?format=html

ContentNegotiatingViewResolver 支援瀏覽器Request Header 支援副檔名

瀏覽器Request Header 不同的瀏覽器支援的格式不同 ,[object Object]

Design Restful Web Service, use SpringMVC as Example

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