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The First
  Humans
Hominids are the family of
        mankind
 and his or her relatives.
65 Million Years Ago
No matter what you may have
seen in the movies, early man
did not live during the same
period in history as dinosaurs!

Dinosaurs died out about 65
million years ago. The first human
like hominids did not appear until
around 3 million years ago.

Not that early man had it easy, but he did not have to
fight dinosaurs!
3 Million Years Ago
            3 million years ago, our planet was
            teeming with life!

            There were deer, giraffes, hyenas,
            sheep, goats, horses, elephants,
            camels, beavers, cave lions, ants,
            termites, woolly mammoths,
            saber-toothed tigers, giant sharks,
            dogs with huge teeth, and all kinds
            of birds and plants and fish.
Very Early Humans
It was during this time that the higher
primates, including apes and early man,
first appeared.
There was a difference between apes
and man. Early human-like hominids
could stand upright. Apes could not.
Their hands were different, too.
Ape hands were made for climbing
and clinging. Man’s hands were
jointed differently, which allowed
them to make and use tools.
Very Early Humans
            How do scientists know about an
            early man who lived 3 million
            years ago?


              Lucy told them!
Lucy
In 1974, a skeleton was found in Africa. The bones were
those of a female, about 20 years old or so when she
died. Scientists named her Lucy. About 3 million years
ago, when Lucy was alive, she was about
4 feet tall and weighed about 50 pounds.
Scientists suspect that she fell into a lake
or river and drowned.

Scientists are like detectives.
They can tell a great deal from a
skeleton, whether it's one year old
or 3 million years old!
Fossils & Artifacts
Scientists use many clues to help them put pieces of the
past together. One thing they must know is the difference
between a fossil and an artifact.
Fossils are remains of living
things (plants, animals, people),
not things that were made.
Artifacts are remains of
things that were made, not
remains of living things.
Handy Man
          The Stone Age refers to the materials
          used to make man-made tools. In the
          Stone Age, man made tools out of
          stone. “Handy Man” was one of the first
          hominids to use stone tools.
      Hunters & Gatherers: The Old Stone
      Age people were hunters/gatherers. We
      know this because scientists have found
      fossils and artifacts, which reveal traces of
      their life. These people did not plant crops.
      They gathered wild fruits, nuts, berries,
      and vegetables.
Handy Man
These early human-like hominids
were taller and smarter than Lucy’s
people, but they did not know how
to make fire.
When they broke camp, they
probably tried to bring fire with
them by carrying lit branches to
use to start a new campfire.
If their branches went out, they
did without fire until they found
something burning.
Upright Man
Many years passed. Another group of man was born.
Scientists nicknamed this group “Upright Man”. Upright
Man did know how to make fire.

That changed everything!
People began to cook their food,
which helped to reduce disease.
People collected around the fire
each night, to share stories of the
day's hunt and activities, which
helped to develop a spirit of
community.
Upright Man
These Stone Age people were about the
same size as modern humans. Their
tool-making skills were considerably
improved. Their weapons included stone
axes and knives.
Because Upright Man could make fire,
he was free to move about in search
of food. He did not have to worry
about freezing. He made warm clothes
from animal skins. At night, he built a
campfire to cook his food and to stay
warm.
Man Leaves Home
       About one million years ago, Upright Man
       began to slowly leave Africa. These early
       people began to populate the world.
       They did not need a boat. The Ice Age
       was here! They traveled across giant
       walkways of frozen ice, over what later
       would become vast rivers and seas.
       Scientists have found artifacts of their
       tools and weapons, which help us to
       understand how they lived, where they
       went, and how they got there.
Neanderthals
One day, scientists found a new skeleton. This skeleton
was from another group of early men. Scientists named
this man Neanderthal man, after the valley in which the
skeleton had been found.
Scientists announced that
these early men were dim-
witted brutes, who walked
with bent knees, with their
heads slung forward on
their big necks. Could
these early people really
be our ancestors?
Neanderthals
But scientists had made a mistake!

The bones were bent
because they were part
of the skeleton of an old
man suffering from
arthritis! Arthritis is a
disease that bends and
cripples bones.
Neanderthals
          Still, Neanderthals were different from
          other species of early humans. They
          were tall and smart, and used caves as
          their homes. They were great hunters.
        Considering how smart they were, and
        how advanced for their time, scientists
        are puzzled that the Neanderthals were
        one of the early species of man to die
        out. Many species of man died out in
        these early days. But why the
        Neanderthals? It is a history mystery.
Cro-Magnon Man
Another group of early men stood out during
this period. Scientists nicknamed this group
“Cro-Magnon man”.

Cro-Magnon man lived in Europe.

This group did not live a life of
constant struggle for survival because
they worked together to provide food
for their tribe.
Cro-Magnon Man
These Stone Age people learned to cure and store food
for the long winter. They used traps, which allowed them
to catch food while they were busy doing something else.
Fisherman used nets woven from vines and fishhooks.
Some groups built rafts and canoes
to catch bigger fish in deeper waters.
They made clothing and
jewelry. They invented the bow
and arrow.
Cave Paintings
Cro-Magnon man did something rather unusual. For
some reason, he drew paintings deep inside dark caves,
on cave walls.
His paintings were added to the
paintings already on the cave walls,
left by other Cro-Magnon men.
Over time, a cave
might accumulate
hundreds of paintings.
Colors used most often
were brown, yellow/tan,
dark red, and coal black.
Cave Paintings
Animals were well drawn and filled in with natural colors
to give them even more shape and substance. They drew
stick figures for hunters. They drew stencils of hands.
Cave Paintings
To reach the deepest part of the cave, where other
paintings could be found, Cro-Magnon man had to crawl
through the maze like tunnels of the cave, holding a
spoon-like oil lamp to light his way, while carrying his
carefully prepared paints.
A Mystery
It was quite dangerous. Cro-Magnon man had no idea if he
might run into a cave lion. He might fall into a hole and die.
Why did he do it? Perhaps it was a coming of age
ceremony, or perhaps it served a religious purpose.
Maybe it was a sort of, “I was here.”

             There are
             many history
             mysteries.
             This is one of
             them.
Lascaux France
The existence of cave paintings was discovered by
accident. Around 1940, during World War II, some kids
                        were playing in a field in Lascaux,
                        France. They stumbled across a
                        cave entrance. It had been hidden
                        by the tree roots. The walls were
                        covered with cave paintings!

                        Once people knew the paintings
                        existed, they looked for more
                        such caves, and found them.
Recap
We know about early Stone Age people because
scientists have found fossils and artifacts that reveal
traces of their life.

Man went through many stages
to evolve into the humans of
today! Since this evolution
covers roughly 3 million years,
you might say it took man a
long time to grow up!
Early Humans
    Questions
1. What is a hunter-gatherer?
2. What is a Stone Age?
3. Why was the ability to make
   fire so important?
4. How could early humans
   travel from Africa to Australia
   without a boat?
5. What did Cro-Magnon man
   paint on cave walls?
6. Why did Cro-Magnon man
   paint on cave walls?
Learn More
For the answers to these questions,
click on these links.

LEARN MORE about Early Man
and play some free games

DRESS UP YOUR HOMEWORK
with art created by a professional artist
…



This presentation is brought to you by
     Pete’s Power Point Station.
 Visit us on the web at pppst.com

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Early humans

  • 1. The First Humans Hominids are the family of mankind and his or her relatives.
  • 2. 65 Million Years Ago No matter what you may have seen in the movies, early man did not live during the same period in history as dinosaurs! Dinosaurs died out about 65 million years ago. The first human like hominids did not appear until around 3 million years ago. Not that early man had it easy, but he did not have to fight dinosaurs!
  • 3. 3 Million Years Ago 3 million years ago, our planet was teeming with life! There were deer, giraffes, hyenas, sheep, goats, horses, elephants, camels, beavers, cave lions, ants, termites, woolly mammoths, saber-toothed tigers, giant sharks, dogs with huge teeth, and all kinds of birds and plants and fish.
  • 4. Very Early Humans It was during this time that the higher primates, including apes and early man, first appeared. There was a difference between apes and man. Early human-like hominids could stand upright. Apes could not. Their hands were different, too. Ape hands were made for climbing and clinging. Man’s hands were jointed differently, which allowed them to make and use tools.
  • 5. Very Early Humans How do scientists know about an early man who lived 3 million years ago? Lucy told them!
  • 6. Lucy In 1974, a skeleton was found in Africa. The bones were those of a female, about 20 years old or so when she died. Scientists named her Lucy. About 3 million years ago, when Lucy was alive, she was about 4 feet tall and weighed about 50 pounds. Scientists suspect that she fell into a lake or river and drowned. Scientists are like detectives. They can tell a great deal from a skeleton, whether it's one year old or 3 million years old!
  • 7. Fossils & Artifacts Scientists use many clues to help them put pieces of the past together. One thing they must know is the difference between a fossil and an artifact. Fossils are remains of living things (plants, animals, people), not things that were made. Artifacts are remains of things that were made, not remains of living things.
  • 8. Handy Man The Stone Age refers to the materials used to make man-made tools. In the Stone Age, man made tools out of stone. “Handy Man” was one of the first hominids to use stone tools. Hunters & Gatherers: The Old Stone Age people were hunters/gatherers. We know this because scientists have found fossils and artifacts, which reveal traces of their life. These people did not plant crops. They gathered wild fruits, nuts, berries, and vegetables.
  • 9. Handy Man These early human-like hominids were taller and smarter than Lucy’s people, but they did not know how to make fire. When they broke camp, they probably tried to bring fire with them by carrying lit branches to use to start a new campfire. If their branches went out, they did without fire until they found something burning.
  • 10. Upright Man Many years passed. Another group of man was born. Scientists nicknamed this group “Upright Man”. Upright Man did know how to make fire. That changed everything! People began to cook their food, which helped to reduce disease. People collected around the fire each night, to share stories of the day's hunt and activities, which helped to develop a spirit of community.
  • 11. Upright Man These Stone Age people were about the same size as modern humans. Their tool-making skills were considerably improved. Their weapons included stone axes and knives. Because Upright Man could make fire, he was free to move about in search of food. He did not have to worry about freezing. He made warm clothes from animal skins. At night, he built a campfire to cook his food and to stay warm.
  • 12. Man Leaves Home About one million years ago, Upright Man began to slowly leave Africa. These early people began to populate the world. They did not need a boat. The Ice Age was here! They traveled across giant walkways of frozen ice, over what later would become vast rivers and seas. Scientists have found artifacts of their tools and weapons, which help us to understand how they lived, where they went, and how they got there.
  • 13. Neanderthals One day, scientists found a new skeleton. This skeleton was from another group of early men. Scientists named this man Neanderthal man, after the valley in which the skeleton had been found. Scientists announced that these early men were dim- witted brutes, who walked with bent knees, with their heads slung forward on their big necks. Could these early people really be our ancestors?
  • 14. Neanderthals But scientists had made a mistake! The bones were bent because they were part of the skeleton of an old man suffering from arthritis! Arthritis is a disease that bends and cripples bones.
  • 15. Neanderthals Still, Neanderthals were different from other species of early humans. They were tall and smart, and used caves as their homes. They were great hunters. Considering how smart they were, and how advanced for their time, scientists are puzzled that the Neanderthals were one of the early species of man to die out. Many species of man died out in these early days. But why the Neanderthals? It is a history mystery.
  • 16. Cro-Magnon Man Another group of early men stood out during this period. Scientists nicknamed this group “Cro-Magnon man”. Cro-Magnon man lived in Europe. This group did not live a life of constant struggle for survival because they worked together to provide food for their tribe.
  • 17. Cro-Magnon Man These Stone Age people learned to cure and store food for the long winter. They used traps, which allowed them to catch food while they were busy doing something else. Fisherman used nets woven from vines and fishhooks. Some groups built rafts and canoes to catch bigger fish in deeper waters. They made clothing and jewelry. They invented the bow and arrow.
  • 18. Cave Paintings Cro-Magnon man did something rather unusual. For some reason, he drew paintings deep inside dark caves, on cave walls. His paintings were added to the paintings already on the cave walls, left by other Cro-Magnon men. Over time, a cave might accumulate hundreds of paintings. Colors used most often were brown, yellow/tan, dark red, and coal black.
  • 19. Cave Paintings Animals were well drawn and filled in with natural colors to give them even more shape and substance. They drew stick figures for hunters. They drew stencils of hands.
  • 20. Cave Paintings To reach the deepest part of the cave, where other paintings could be found, Cro-Magnon man had to crawl through the maze like tunnels of the cave, holding a spoon-like oil lamp to light his way, while carrying his carefully prepared paints.
  • 21. A Mystery It was quite dangerous. Cro-Magnon man had no idea if he might run into a cave lion. He might fall into a hole and die. Why did he do it? Perhaps it was a coming of age ceremony, or perhaps it served a religious purpose. Maybe it was a sort of, “I was here.” There are many history mysteries. This is one of them.
  • 22. Lascaux France The existence of cave paintings was discovered by accident. Around 1940, during World War II, some kids were playing in a field in Lascaux, France. They stumbled across a cave entrance. It had been hidden by the tree roots. The walls were covered with cave paintings! Once people knew the paintings existed, they looked for more such caves, and found them.
  • 23. Recap We know about early Stone Age people because scientists have found fossils and artifacts that reveal traces of their life. Man went through many stages to evolve into the humans of today! Since this evolution covers roughly 3 million years, you might say it took man a long time to grow up!
  • 24. Early Humans Questions 1. What is a hunter-gatherer? 2. What is a Stone Age? 3. Why was the ability to make fire so important? 4. How could early humans travel from Africa to Australia without a boat? 5. What did Cro-Magnon man paint on cave walls? 6. Why did Cro-Magnon man paint on cave walls?
  • 25. Learn More For the answers to these questions, click on these links. LEARN MORE about Early Man and play some free games DRESS UP YOUR HOMEWORK with art created by a professional artist
  • 26. … This presentation is brought to you by Pete’s Power Point Station. Visit us on the web at pppst.com

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Teacher Notes: To avoid being burned, and to avoid having the lamp go out, it had to balanced carefully to hold the burning oil inside the rounded part of the spoon-like oil lamp.
  2. Teacher Notes: Caves with paintings in them have been found in many parts of the world. There are probably more caves to be discovered.
  3. Answers: Someone who gathers food growing wild, and hunts for food. A time in history when tools were made from stone Fire helped people survive. Fire was a source of heat, to stay warm in the Ice Age. Fire let them cook their food, which reduced the incident of disease. The ability to make fire allowed them to live and move about freely, in search of food and shelter, knowing they could relight a fire when needed. It was the Ice Age. They walked. Stick figures of people, well drawn animals, and stencil drawings of human hand prints No one knows. It’s a history mystery. Archaeologists have put many pieces of the past together. But there are many pieces yet to be discovered.