6. 1.- Linea oblicua externa. Continuacion
del margen anterior de la rama
ascendenta
2.- Cresta temporal con el trigono
retromolar
3.- Agujero mental
4.- Canal mandibular
5.- Hueso compacto mandibular.
7. 1.- Linea oblicua externa
2.- Cresta temporal con trígono
retro molar.
3.- Agujero Mentoneano
4.- Canal mandibular
5.- Hueso compacto de la
mandibula
8.
9. 1.- Porción labial del septun interdental
2.- Porción lingual del septun interdental
3.- Espina mental
4.- Canal vascular
5.- Canal vascular
6.- Fosa Mentoneana
7.- Efecto de quemado
8.- Sombra causada por la prominencia
mentón
9.- Hueso compacto de la mandíbula
10.
11. LEYENDA
1. Banda proximal de esmalte en
forma de hoja de cuchillo.
2. Muñon de dentina.
3. Cámara Pulpar.
4. Límite cervical o casquete del
esmalte.
5. Borde del alvéolo.
6. Tabique interdentario.
7. Conducto.
8. Espacio Periodóntico.
9. Lámina dura.
12. 1.- septun nasal
7.- Seno maxilar
8.- Reborde orbitario
9.- Borde nasal
10.- Espina nasal anterior
11.- Borde laterobasal de
la cavidad nasal
12.- Porción horizontal del
paladar y dorso de la
lengua
13.- Sombra del hueso
Hioides
14.- Aire en la epifaringe
13. 1.- Foramen mandibular
2.- Proceso corónide
3.- Arco cigomático
4.- Vertebra cervical
5.- Efecto causado por aire
contenido en epifaringe
7.- Agujero Mentoneana
8.- Canal mandibular
14. 1.- Ligamento periodontal
2.- Trabeculado oseo
3.- Cuerpo de la mandibula
4.- Foramen mental
Superpuesto
en el apice del premolar
5.- Canal mandibular
15. 1.- Espina nasal anterior
2.- Reborde de la cavidad nasal
3.- Cresta maxilar nasal y septun
nasal
4.- Concha nasal superpuesta
5.- Hueso nasal
6.- Seno maxilar
7.- Margen infraorbitario
8.- Canal naso lagrimal.
9.- Hueso compacto bucal y lingual
10.- Espina mental
11.- Foramen mental
16. 1.- Espina nasal anterior
2.- Reborde de la cavidad nasal
3.- Cresta maxilar nasal y septun nasal
4.- Concha nasal superpuesta
5.- Hueso nasal
6.- Seno maxilar
7.- Margen infraorbitario
8.- Canal naso lagrimal.
17. Mandibular Incisor
a. lingual foramen
b. genial tubercles
c. mental ridge
d. mental fossa
d
a b c
18. lingual view facial view
d c
a
b
a = lingual foramen c = mental ridge
b = genial tubercles d = mental fossa
19. lingual view
Lingual foramen. Radiolucent “hole” in center of
genial tubercles. Lingual nutrient vessels pass
through this foramen.
20. lingual view
Genial tubercles. Radiopaque area in the midline,
midway between the inferior border of the mandible and
the apices of the incisors. Serve as attachments for the
genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles. May have
radiolucent hole in center (lingual foramen), but not on
this film. Note double rooted canine (red arrows).
21. facial view
Mental ridge. These represent the raised portions of the
mental protuberance on either side of the midline. More
commonly seen when using the bisecting angle
technique, when the x-ray beam is directed at an upward
angle through the ridges.
22. facial view
Mental fossa. This represents a depression on the
labial aspect of the mandible overlying the roots of
the incisors. The resulting radiolucency may be
mistaken for pathology.
23. The radiolucent area above The orange arrows above
corresponds to the location identify nutrient canals.
of the mental fossa. They are most often seen in
However, this slide older persons with thin
represents chronic periapical bone, and in those with high
periodontitis; these teeth are blood pressure or advanced
non-vital, due to trauma. periodontitis.
24. Mandibular Canine
a = mental ridge
c b = genial tubercles/
lingual foramen
c = mental foramen
b
a
25. facial view lingual view
b2
d2
b
d
a
d
c
b
d1
a = mental ridge b1 = genial tubercles
c = mental foramen b2 = lingual foramen
26. facial view
Mental ridge. The raised portions of the mental
protuberance, sloping downward and backward
from the midline.
28. facial view
The red arrows identify the mandibular canal
and the blue arrow points to the mental
foramen.
29. Mandibular Premolar
a = mylohyoid ridge
b = mandibular canal
c = submandibular gland fossa
d = mental foramen
30. facial view lingual view
b a
d
c
b = mandibular canal a = mylohyoid ridge
d = mental foramen (internal oblique)
c = submandibular gland
fossa
31. lingual view
Mylohyoid (internal oblique) ridge. This radiopaque
ridge is the attachment for the mylohyoid muscle.
The ridge runs downward and forward from the
third molar region to the area of the premolars.
32. facial view
Mandibular canal. (Inferior alveolar canal). Runs
downward from the mandibular foramen to the
mental foramen, passing close to the roots of the
molars. More easily seen in the molar periapical.
33. lingual view
Submandibular gland fossa. The depression below
the mylohyoid ridge where the submandibular gland
is located. More obvious in the molar periapical film.
34. facial view
Mental foramen. Usually located midway between
the upper and lower borders of the body of the
mandible, in the area of the premolars. May mimic
pathology if superimposed over the apex of one of
the premolars.
35. Mandibular Molar
a = external oblique ridge
b = mylohyoid ridge
c = mandibular canal
d = submandibular gland fossa
36. facial view lingual view
a
b
c d
a = external oblique ridge b = mylohyoid ridge
c = mandibular canal d = submandibular gland
fossa
37. b a
d
c
a = external oblique ridge
b = mylohyoid ridge
c = mandibular canal
d = submandibular gland fossa
38. facial view
External oblique ridge. A continuation of the anterior
border of the ramus, passing downward and forward
on the buccal side of the mandible. It appears as a
distinct radiopaque line which usually ends
anteriorly in the area of the first molar. Serves as an
attachment of the buccinator muscle. (The red
arrows point to the mylohyoid ridge).
39. lingual view
Mylohyoid ridge (internal oblique). Located on the
lingual surface of the mandible, extending from the
third molar area to the premolar region. Serves as
the attachment of the mylohyoid muscle.
40. facial view
Mandibular (inferior alveolar) canal. Arises at the
mandibular foramen on the lingual side of the ramus and
passes downward and forward, moving from the lingual
side of the mandible in the third molar region to the
buccal side of the mandible in the premolar region.
Contains the inferior alveolar nerve and vessels.
41. lingual view
Submandibular gland fossa. A depression on the
lingual side of the mandible below the mylohyoid
ridge. The submandibular gland is located in this
region. Due to the thinness of bone, the trabecular
pattern of the bone is very sparse and results in the
area being very radiolucent. The fact that it occurs
bilaterally helps to differentiate it from pathology.
42. The external oblique ridge (red arrows) and the
mylohyoid ridge (blue arrows) usually run parallel
with each other, with the external oblique ridge
always being higher on the film.
43. The mandibular canal (red arrows identify inferior border
of canal) usually runs very close to the roots of the
molars, especially the third molar. This can be a problem
when extracting these teeth. Note the extreme dilaceration
(curving) of the roots of the third molar (green arrow) in
the film at left. The film at right shows “kissing”
impactions located at the superior border of the canal.
44. Slide # 8
A. The red arrows identify the ?
B. What is the name of the radiolucent
area surrounding the canal?
46. 1.- Septun nasal
2.- Cocha nasal inferior
3.- Orbita con el canal infraorbitario
4.- Borde laterobasal de la cavidad nasal
5.- Porcion horizontal del hueso piramidal
6.- Seno maxilar
7.- Orificio nasal dentro del conducto incisivo
8.- Foramen incisivo
9.- Espina nasal anterior con la cresta nasal
de la maxila
10.- Borde de la nariz
47. 1.- Reborde laterobasal de
la cavidad nasal.
4.- Borde latero nasal
5.- Canal naso palatino
6.- Agujero incisivo
7.- Efecto de quemado
8.- Raiz palatina del # 14
9.- Cuspide bucal del # 14
10.- Cuspide palatina # 14
11.- Lobulo anterior del seno
maxilar.
48.
49.
50. Maxillary Incisor
a
b a = nasal septum
c b = inferior concha
c = nasal fossa
d d = anterior nasal spine
e e = incisive foramen
f = median palatal suture
g = soft tissue of nose
f
g
51. facial view palatal view
c f
b
a e
d
a = nasal septum e = incisive foramen
b = inferior concha f = median palatal
c = nasal fossa suture
d = anterior nasal spine
59. The red arrows point to the soft tissue of the nose.
The green arrows identify the lip line.
60. Maxillary Cuspid
a
b a = floor of nasal fossa
b = maxillary sinus
c
c = lateral fossa
d = nose
d
61. facial view
a a
c c
b
b
a = floor of nasal fossa
b = maxillary sinus
c = lateral fossa
(a & b form inverted Y)
62. facial view
Floor of nasal fossa (red arrows) and anterior
border of maxillary sinus (blue arrows), forming the
inverted (upside down) Y.
63. facial view
Lateral fossa. The radiolucency results from a
depression above and posterior to the lateral
incisor. To help rule out pathology, look for an
intact lamina dura surrounding the adjacent teeth.
64. Maxillary Premolar
a b c
a = malar process
b = sinus septum
c = sinus recess
d = maxillary sinus
d
65. facial view
b b
d
a c a c d
a = malar process
b = sinus recess
c = sinus septum
d = maxillary sinus
