2. INTRODUCTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
Introduction
Creates favorable first impression
Boosts self-confidence
Conclusion
Give speaker chance to emphasize main
points
Creates strong last impression
4. HOW TO GAIN ATTENTION
Relate topic to the audience
ALWAYS relate topic to the audience
State importance of topic
Startle the audience
Make sure startle technique is related to topic
Arouse curiosity
Question the audience
Single question or a series of questions
Begin with a quote
Tell a story
7. HOW TO GAIN ATTENTION
Outside the classroom:
Refer to occasion
Invite audience participation
Audio equipment/Visual aids
Relate to previous speaker
Beginning with humor
9. ESTABLISH CREDIBILIT Y AND GOODWILL
What is Credibility?
Perception of speaker’s qualifications
How do I establish credibility?
Research or firsthand experience
What is Goodwill?
Perception of whether speaker has the best
interests of audience in mind
11. PREVIEW BODY OF SPEECH
Preview Statement
Statement in introduction that identifies main
points to be discussed in the body
Tells audience what to listen for throughout
the speech
Generally at end of intro .
13. PREPARING THE INTRODUCTION
Be concise (10-20 percent of speech)
Look for in potential introductory material in
your research
Be creative
Don’t worry about exact wording until body
speech is finished
Finally – Work it out in detail! Write out full
content, how you will deliver and PRACTICE
15. SIGNALING THE END
Don’t leave your audience hanging!
Verbal Cue
In conclusion, one last thought, etc.
Manner of Delivery
Crescendo ending
Speech builds in force until it reaches a zenith of power and
intensity
Dissolve Ending
Final words fade like a spotlight, bring speech to emotional
close .
17. REINFORCE IDEAS
Conclusion reinforces the audience’s understanding
of the central idea
How to accomplish? (Separately or in Combination)
Summarize main points
Conclude with a quotation
End with a dramatic statement
Refer back to introduction
21. PREPARING THE CONCLUSION
Look for materials while researching
Conclude with bang, not whimper
Be brief (5-10 percent of speech)
Work out content, delivery in detail
22. GROUP ACTIVIT Y
Attention Getter
Relate to Audience
Credibility
Goodwill