Napoleon took control of the French government, becoming the First Consul and dictator of France. He conquered many nations across Europe and placed relatives on their thrones. After being defeated at the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon was exiled to St. Helena in the South Atlantic. Several countries in Europe, inspired by nationalism, sought independence in the early 1800s but had varying levels of success, including Greece gaining independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1832 and Belgium from the Netherlands in 1831.

1. Napoleon

2. Napoleon Bonaparte
• Took control of the French government

3. • He supported the overthrow of the Directory
• Three councils led the new government
• Napoleon was one of the three

4. • Napoleon pushed the other two aside and
became the First Consul
• Became the dictator of France

5. • Napoleon set about to
win the support of the
French people
• Set up a commission to
organize the many laws
that were passed
during the Revolution
• Known as the Code of
Napoleon

6. • Conquered many nations and placed a relative
on each throne
• Wanted to destroy the British economy

8. • He suffered a defeat at Leipzig, Germany and
went into exile.
• He escaped and returned to France to raise
another army

9. • Prussia and Britain attack Napoleon at
Waterloo.
• Napoleon’s army collapsed
• He is sent into exile again to St. Helena in the
South Atlantic

10. • Nationalism – intense devotion and loyalty to
one’s own people.
• Series of revolts as people looked for
independence

11. Greece
• Greece wanted independence from the
Ottoman Empire
• Got help from Russia, Britain and France
• Gained independence in 1832

13. Belgium
• Wanted independence from the Dutch
Kingdom
• Gained independence in 1831

15. Poland
• Napoleon liberated Poland, but placed it
under his rule
• After Napoleon was defeated, part of Poland
was annexed to Russia
• Poland tried to gain independence from
Russia
• They were crushed

17. Hungary
• Wanted independence from Austria
• Austria got help from Russia and
overwhelmed the Hungarians