1. Evolution of the Camera
Diane Kim and Cody Rosen
Introduction to Engineering Design
Period 7

2. The First Camera
(Camera Obscura)
• Roger Bacon is said to have
invented camera obscura,
but it was never accepted by
scholars.
• Johann Zahn created the
first camera that was small
and portable enough for
practical use.
• Abu 'Ali al-Hasan ibn al-
Haytham (Alhazen)
developed the camera
obscura.
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://mollymonochrome.com/wp-
content/uploads/Camera_Obscura_box1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://mollymonochrome.com/
arts-and-crafts/my-cameras-an-
essay&usg=__ee2fqKgUOHcaZvAuQGAvMfB5Jn0=&h=648&w=738&sz=37&hl=e
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:0&tx=105&ty=30&safe=active

3. First Photograph
• The first photograph was
created by French researcher
Joseph Nicephore Niepce
around 1822.
• The photograph was created
using paper coated with a
chemical.
• However, the image was not
permanent, and it would
disappear after a short while.
http://www.google.com/imgres?
imgurl=http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/StaticFile
s/Photography/Images/Content/niepce-first-photo-niepce1826-
lw.jpg&imgrefurl=http://digg.com/news/science/The_World_s_First_Photograph_PIC
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%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us%26biw%3D1003%26bih%3D530%26tbs
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http://www.google.com/imgres?
imgurl=http://www.knaw.nl/ecpa/sepia/exhibition/iapp/images_iapp/niepce.jpg&imgrefurl=ht
tp://www.knaw.nl/ecpa/sepia/exhibition/iapp/Glossary/N_05.htm&usg=__NJZ1I-
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WfubghCM:&tbnh=129&tbnw=98&prev=/images%3Fq%3Djoseph%2Bnicephore%2Bniepce
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gzIi1Dg&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=17&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0&tx=54&ty=68&safe=active
First known photograph

4. Photographs contd.
• Louis-Jacques-Mande
Daguerre partnered with
Joseph Nicephore Niepce in
1829.
• Together, they developed
the process of creating
permanent photographs.
• This process of capturing
permanent images came to
be known as ‘daguerreotype’
http://www.google.com/imgres?
imgurl=http://imagecache6.allposters.com/LRG/13/1348/LSCS000Z.jpg&imgr
efurl=http://www.saddoboxing.com/Boxing-
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ei=hMyHTIHGCaS1nAfX7dAS&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=19&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0&t
x=59&ty=79&safe=active

5. Calotype Process
• A slightly more advanced
version of the
daguerreotype.
• Made multiple copies
possible using negative and
positive method.
• Created by William Henry
Fox Talbot.
• In 1840’s, photographic
images were first used in
advertisements.
http://www.google.com/imgres?
imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/William_Henry_Fox_Talbot,_by_John_Moffat,
_1864.jpg&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_Henry_Fox_Talbot,_by_John_Moffat,
_1864.jpg&usg=__wG9jxbcWbMl8sGPh4-
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q=1&page=1&ndsp=16&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0&tx=80&ty=120&safe=active

6. Further Improvements
• First experiments with
underwater photography in the
1850’s.
• Faster way to capture an image
called Collodion process was
found in 1851 by Frederick Scott
Archer. Reduced time from half
an hour to just 2-3 seconds.
• Richard Leach Maddox invented
the gelatin dry plate silver
bromide process. With this
invention, the negatives didn’t
have to be developed
immediately.
http://www.google.com/imgres?
imgurl=http://www.historicdocs.com/article/blogger_photos1/underwater.jpg&im
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Imaging.php&usg=__Y3SJtydr0nnV8qnbZkNEAd6Kcc8=&h=471&w=390&sz=44&hl=
en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=6St_QwHOMG6myM:&tbnh=162&tbnw=151&prev=/i
mages%3Fq%3Dfirst%2Bunderwater%2Bcamera%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe
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Qeas4i6Dg&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=8&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:0&biw=1020&bih=558&safe
=active
http://www.google.com/imgres?
imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/th
umb/5/57/Dr._Richard_Leach_Maddox.jpg/220px-
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modominicano.com/wiki.php%3Ftitle
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7. George Eastman
• Created Kodak in 1888.
• Developed transparent roll film in
1889.
• This development led to the
invention of the motion picture
camera by Thomas Edison in 1891.
• From 1935 to 1941, Kodak begins
marketing Kodachrome film and
launches Kodacolor negative film.
http://www.google.com/images?
hl=en&q=kodachrome&um=1&ie=UTF-
8&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi

8. Color Photography
• Autochrome Lumiere was a color
photography process patented by
the Lumiere brothers in 1903
• Color films were brought to the
market in the early 1940’s.
• They used the modern technology
of dye-coupled colors.
• This was a chemical process that
connected the three dye layers
together to create an apparent
color image.
The first color photograph
http://www.google.com/imgres?
imgurl=http://www.utoronto.ca/tolstoy/images/color_ribbon.jpg&imgrefurl=http://
www.utoronto.ca/tolstoy/colorportrait.htm&usg=__9hkoM4Ok_C9gMpTglA-
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%26biw%3D1003%26bih%3D558%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1

9. 35mm Film
• The 35mm films were originally
used for movies, but eventually
were developed for use in
cameras in the 1920s.
• Waterproof 35mm camera was
invented in 1957 by Jaques Yves
Cousteau. It was named Calypso
Phot. http://www.google.com/imgres?
imgurl=http://www.ph.utexas.edu/~yue/misc/LeicaII.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ph.utexas.edu/
~yue/misc/LeicaLTM.html&usg=__LeXGbFRkd5_TmMPQK_FU8L0X5E0=&h=301&w=350&sz=31&
hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=fdKhwwt8GqvMxM:&tbnh=141&tbnw=153&prev=/images%3Fq
%3Dthe%2Bfirst%2B35mm%2Bcamera%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26rls
%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us%26biw%3D1003%26bih%3D558%26tbs
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9&ty=82&safe=active
Camera with 35mm film
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://rafcamera.com/images/mc/eclair.jpg&imgrefurl=http://rafcamera.com/index.php
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35mm movie camera

10. Polaroid Instant Image Camera
• Edwin H. Land found the
Polaroid Corporation in
1937.
• The corporation’s instant
film cameras reached the
markets in 1948.
http://www.google.com/imgres?
imgurl=http://www2.mountaintimes.com/CurrentSite/mtweekly/2008/0327/Polar
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e=active

11. Cameras that Followed
• 1957- First Asahi Pentax SLR.
35mm single lens reflex camera
that influenced the designs of
future 35mm SLRs.
• 1959- Nikon F. Completely
mechanical and did not require
batteries.
• 1959- AGFA Optima. The first fully
automatic camera.
• 1963- Kodak Instimatic.
Inexpensive point and shoot
camera.
http://www.knsreview.com/wp-
content/uploads/2010/04/k1000.jpg
Asahi Pentax SLR

12. Digital Imaging
• Fairchild Semiconductor Company
starts digital imaging in 1973.
• They were the first to produce a
commercial Charge-coupled
device.
• The Charge-coupled devices were
used as a form of memory or for
delaying analog, sampled signals.
Charge-coupled device
http://www.techfuels.com/attachm
ents/scanner/950d1206005211-
charge-coupled-device-
4489898.jpg

13. First Digital Camera
• The design for a filmless camera
was made by a Texas Instruments
engineer named Willis Adcock. It
was applied for a patent in 1972.
• The first recorded attempt at
building a camera was in 1975 by
an engineer at eastman kodak
named Steven Sasson.
• The camera recorded black and
white images onto a casette tape
and took 23 seconds to capture
the image.
• It used the solid-state CCD image
sensor chips developed by
Fairchild Semiconductor
http://www.thelastminuteblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/first-
digital-camera-ever.jpg

14. Commercially Available Electoric Still
Camera
• An electronic still camera was
commercially available in 1981,
created by Sony.
• The camera came with a mini disc
on which images were recorded
and stored.
• The images could be printed later
or vied on a monitor using a
reader device.
http://static.photo.net/attachments/b
board/00P/00PhmA-46941784.jpg

15. 1980s
• 1985- Digital imaging and
processing is introduced by Pixar.
• 1986- Disposable single use
cameras are created by Fuji.
• 1986 to 1987- Kodak begins the
use of pixels in digital technology,
which allows storing large
volumes of pixels to deliver
definition print quality.
http://www.chipandco.com/wp-
content/uploads/2009/06/Pixar_animation_s
tudios_logo.jpg
http://www.bristolcameras.co.uk/images/fuji-
quicksnap.jpg

16. Photo CDs and Digital Cameras
• Photo CDs are introduced in 1990
by Kodak. Photographic images
could be stored on CDs and
viewed on a computer.
• In 1991, Kodak introduces a pixel
based camera technology now
known as the digital camera.
• This camera was targeted at
professionals and journalists.
• Unlike the previous cameras, the
digital camera recorded and
stored the photos in digital form.
The digital data could then be
transferred to a computer and
processed for printing.
http://www.mir.com.my/rb/photography/comp
anies/nikon/htmls/models/images/DCS100.jp
g

17. Home Use Digital Camera
• The Apple QuickTake
camera is introduced in
1994, a digital camera
intended for home use.
• This is followed by home use
digital cameras from Casio,
Kodak and many others
during 1995 to 1996.
http://lowendmac.com/coventry/07/0117.htm
l

18. Many advancements have been made to
the camera since it was first created hundreds
of years ago. Now the camera is fast, compact,
and easy to use. They can be found anywhere
in the world, and are used by millions of
people. Cameras help us capture images and
moments of our lives and keeps us updated
on things happening around the world.
Conclusion

19. Refrences
• Timeline of the camera. (2008-2009). Retrieved from
http://www.xtimeline.com/timeline/Timeline-of-the-Camera
• Bellis, M. (2010). Photography timeline. Retrieved from
http://inventors.about.com/od/pstartinventions/a/Photograp
hy.htm
• Haslego, C. (2005, March 6). History of the camera. Retrieved
from http://ezinearticles.com/?History-of-the-
Camera&id=18736
• Bellis, M. (2010). History of photography. Retrieved from
http://inventors.about.com/od/pstartinventions/a/stilphotog
raphy.htm
• Leggat, R. (2008, September 23). Niepce, joseph nicephore.
Retrieved from
http://www.rleggat.com/photohistory/history/niepce.htm