1. ““Introducing EcologyIntroducing Ecology””
Write everythingWrite everything
that isthat is UnderlinedUnderlined

2. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic
the study of the relationships betweenthe study of the relationships between
biotic and abiotic factors in environmentsbiotic and abiotic factors in environments
the study of the relationships betweenthe study of the relationships between
biotic and abiotic factors in environmentsbiotic and abiotic factors in environments
ecoeco (G) root home, abode(G) root home, abodeecoeco (G) root home, abode(G) root home, abode
ecoecoclimateclimateecoecoclimateclimateecoecosystemsystemecoecosystemsystemecoecotourismtourismecoecotourismtourism
log, -o, ylog, -o, y (G) suffix study of(G) suffix study oflog, -o, ylog, -o, y (G) suffix study of(G) suffix study of
zozoologyologyzozoologyologyepidemiepidemiologyologyepidemiepidemiologyologyclimatclimatologyologyclimatclimatologyology
EcologyEcology

3. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic
OrganismOrganism
OrganismOrganism
2.2.An organism is anAn organism is an
individual living thingindividual living thing
(such as an alligator)(such as an alligator)

4. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic
Organism
Organism
PopulationPopulation
PopulationPopulation
3.3.A population is a groupA population is a group
of the same speciesof the same species
that lives in one area.that lives in one area.

5. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic
Organism
Organism
Population
Population
CommunityCommunity
CommunityCommunity
4.4.A community is aA community is a
group of differentgroup of different
species that livespecies that live
together in one area.together in one area.

6. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic
While the earth is huge, life is found in a very narrow layer, called
the biosphere. If the earth could be shrunk to the size of an apple,
the biosphere would be no thicker than the apple's skin.

7. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic
The biosphere, like the human body, is made up of systems
that interact and are dependent on each other.
The biosphere’s systems are called ECOSYSTEMS.

8. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic
Organism
Organism
Population
Population
Community
Community
EcosystemEcosystem
EcosystemEcosystem
5.5. An ecosystem includes all ofAn ecosystem includes all of
the organisms as well as thethe organisms as well as the
other nonliving things in aother nonliving things in a
given areagiven area.. (such as climate, soil,(such as climate, soil,
water, rocks)water, rocks)

9. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic
Organism
Organism
Population
Population
Community
Community
Ecosystem
Ecosystem
BiomeBiome6.6. A biome is a major regional orA biome is a major regional or
global community of organismsglobal community of organisms
characterized by the climatecharacterized by the climate
conditions and plant communitiesconditions and plant communities
that thrive there.that thrive there.

10. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic
a major regional or global biotica major regional or global biotic
community, acommunity, a super ecosystemsuper ecosystem, defined, defined
chiefly by the dominant forms of plant lifechiefly by the dominant forms of plant life
and the prevailing climateand the prevailing climate
a major regional or global biotica major regional or global biotic
community, acommunity, a super ecosystemsuper ecosystem, defined, defined
chiefly by the dominant forms of plant lifechiefly by the dominant forms of plant life
and the prevailing climateand the prevailing climate
Biome

11. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic
desertdesertdesertdesert
grasslandgrasslandgrasslandgrassland
tropical rain foresttropical rain foresttropical rain foresttropical rain forest
deciduous forestdeciduous forestdeciduous forestdeciduous forest
coniferous forestconiferous forestconiferous forestconiferous forest
tundratundratundratundra
Major Biomes of the World
oceanoceanoceanocean

12. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic
Levels of Organization
smallest unit ofsmallest unit of
living thingsliving things
smallest unit ofsmallest unit of
living thingsliving things
group of similar cellsgroup of similar cells
organized to workorganized to work
togethertogether
group of similar cellsgroup of similar cells
organized to workorganized to work
togethertogether
group of differentgroup of different
kinds of tissueskinds of tissues
working togetherworking together
group of differentgroup of different
kinds of tissueskinds of tissues
working togetherworking together
group of organsgroup of organs
working togetherworking together
group of organsgroup of organs
working togetherworking together
one individual livingone individual living
thingthing
one individual livingone individual living
thingthing
all organisms of theall organisms of the
same kind living insame kind living in
one areaone area
all organisms of theall organisms of the
same kind living insame kind living in
one areaone area
all interactingall interacting
populations in anpopulations in an
ecosystemecosystem
all interactingall interacting
populations in anpopulations in an
ecosystemecosystem
all living andall living and
nonliving thingsnonliving things
interacting within ainteracting within a
certain areacertain area
all living andall living and
nonliving thingsnonliving things
interacting within ainteracting within a
certain areacertain area
large region withlarge region with
typical plants andtypical plants and
animals that includesanimals that includes
several ecosystemsseveral ecosystems
large region withlarge region with
typical plants andtypical plants and
animals that includesanimals that includes
several ecosystemsseveral ecosystems
cell

13. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic
Section 13.2 KEY CONCEPTSection 13.2 KEY CONCEPT::
Every ecosystem includes bothEvery ecosystem includes both
living and nonliving factors.living and nonliving factors.

14. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic
III.III. Elements in an EcosystemElements in an Ecosystem
1.1. Biotic factors are living things.Biotic factors are living things.
• Remember,Remember, BIOBIO meansmeans LIFELIFE! (like! (like
BioBiology)logy)
a.a. plantsplants
b.b. animalsanimals
c.c. fungifungi
d.d. bacteriabacteria

15. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic
Examples of Biotic
Factors
include plants,include plants,
animals, fungi,animals, fungi,
microorganismsmicroorganisms
include plants,include plants,
animals, fungi,animals, fungi,
microorganismsmicroorganisms

16. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic
2.2. Abiotic factors are nonliving things.Abiotic factors are nonliving things.
• Remember, “Remember, “AA” means” means NOTNOT (like(like
AsymmetricalAsymmetrical meansmeans notnot symmetrical)symmetrical)
a.a. sunlightsunlight
b.b. temperaturetemperature
c.c. windwind
d.d. MoistureMoisture
i.i. Water, rain, cloudsWater, rain, clouds
e.e. soilsoil

17. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic
Examples of Abiotic
Factors
include air,include air,
water, soil,water, soil,
temperature,temperature,
wind, source ofwind, source of
energy (usuallyenergy (usually
sun)sun)
include air,include air,
water, soil,water, soil,
temperature,temperature,
wind, source ofwind, source of
energy (usuallyenergy (usually
sun)sun)

18. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic
Ecological NicheEcological Niche
• A plant's or animal's ecological niche is a way of lifeA plant's or animal's ecological niche is a way of life
that is unique to that species.that is unique to that species.
• Niche and habitat are not the same. While manyNiche and habitat are not the same. While many
species may share a habitat, this is not true of aspecies may share a habitat, this is not true of a
niche. Each plant and animal species is a member ofniche. Each plant and animal species is a member of
a community.a community.
• The niche describes the species' role or functionThe niche describes the species' role or function
within this community.within this community.

19. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic
• For example, the red fox's habitat, which might includeFor example, the red fox's habitat, which might include
forest edges, meadows and the bank of a river, is sharedforest edges, meadows and the bank of a river, is shared
with many animals .with many animals .
• The niche of the red fox is that of a predator which feedsThe niche of the red fox is that of a predator which feeds
on the small mammals, amphibians, insects, and fruiton the small mammals, amphibians, insects, and fruit
found in this habitat. Red foxes are active at night. Theyfound in this habitat. Red foxes are active at night. They
provide blood for blackflies and mosquitoes, and are hostprovide blood for blackflies and mosquitoes, and are host
to numerous diseases. The scraps, or carrion, left behindto numerous diseases. The scraps, or carrion, left behind
after a fox's meal provide food for many small scavengersafter a fox's meal provide food for many small scavengers
and decomposers. This, then, is the ecological niche of theand decomposers. This, then, is the ecological niche of the
red fox.red fox.
• Only the red fox occupies this niche in the meadow-forestOnly the red fox occupies this niche in the meadow-forest
edge communities. In other plant communities differentedge communities. In other plant communities different
species of animal may occupy a similar niche to that of thespecies of animal may occupy a similar niche to that of the
red foxred fox..

20. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic
KeystoneKeystone
3.3. Changing one factor in an ecosystemChanging one factor in an ecosystem
can affectcan affect manymany other factors.other factors.
4.4. A keystone species is a species thatA keystone species is a species that
has an unusually large effect on itshas an unusually large effect on its
ecosystem.ecosystem.
If you moved this stone theIf you moved this stone the
whole arch would fall downwhole arch would fall down

21. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic
creation of
wetland
ecosystem
increased waterfowl
Population
increased
fish
population
nesting sites
for birds
keystone species
5.5.Keystone species form andKeystone species form and
maintain a complex web ofmaintain a complex web of
life.life.

22. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic
Chapter 13-1 & 13-2 Review questionsChapter 13-1 & 13-2 Review questions
1.1. What is Ecology?What is Ecology?
2.2. Define organism, population, community, biome,Define organism, population, community, biome,
biotic, and abiotic factors.biotic, and abiotic factors.
3.3. Give two examples of biotic and abiotic factors.Give two examples of biotic and abiotic factors.
4.4. What is a keystone species?What is a keystone species?
5.5. What does every ecosystem include?What does every ecosystem include?