2. PERSONAL REFERENCE
I chose physical education becasue I have always been
active as a kid and I see how my brother who is in
elementary school and how their physical education has
changed since when I was there. I feel as though doctors
and many people talk about how kids these days are
obese but physical education seems to be put on the
backburner when it could be the start to the change to
stop the obeseity
3. THESIS
Kickball, Dodgeball, and Frisbee are only a few of the activities that comes to
mind when thinking of physical education but now with the obesity rate in
kids raising rapidly physical education is at its prime. I plan on researching
the history of physical education and the organizations that are trying to
improve it today.
4. Definition
Physical education is defined as "instruction
in the development and care of the body
ranging from simple calisthenics exercises
to a course of study providing training in
hygiene, gymnastics, and the performance
and management of athletic games
(Merriam-Webster Dictionary)."
10. Lack Of Physical Activity.
COSTING THE
UNITED STATES
Nearly 10 percent of health spending for obesity. MSNBC. 8 July 2009. MSNBC.
Web. Transcript. 3 Mar. 2010. <http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/32170526/ns/
health-health_care/>.
15. High school
9th grade
Male vs female
11th grade
10th grade
12th grade
"Participation in Physical Education Classes." NCBuy.com. NetCent
Communications, 2009. Web. 3 Mar. 2010. <http://www.ncbuy.com/education/
yrbs01/nat_139.html>.
18. Michelle Obama
http://www.letsmove.gov/index.html
"America's Move to Raise a Healthier Generation of Kids." Let's Move. goverment,
Mar. 2010. Web. 3 Mar. 2010. <http://www.letsmove.gov/index.html>.
22. National Guidelines
- Recommended
-What WE get here at UM
www.aahperd.org. American Heart Association , 2010. Web. 3 Mar. 2010.
<http://www.aahperd.org/naspe/standards/nationalGuidelines/
PEguidelines.cfm>.
There are reasons to have physical education everyday. Some of these reasons are known from just being in the class, how it makes you feel after and how working out makes one feel better. Another reason is to develop mental and fundamental movement skills, along with teaching kids to appreciate the value of what physical activity can do for them and keep them in a healthy life style.
Johann Basedow is known as the first to recognize the importance of exercise
Required a specific uniform for his students to allow unrestricted movement
Offered a camp for 2 months during the summer for the children
He was considered one of the hardest men to work with.
This is the man who basically started physical education in schools. it started out as more of a gymnastic class more then physical education.
He took the ways of german gymnastics
Physical education was introduced in the Unites States throughout the 1800&#x2019;s
Colleges and Universities started offering classes of physical education.
California is the first state that mandated physical education, and other states followed this mandate in the next 30 years
Charles beck was a follower Johann Bernhard Basedow
Originally hired as a Latin and Physical education teacher.
he taught physical in the form of German Gymnastics.
Became officially the physical education teacher in America.
Northampton, Massachusetts in 1825 at the Round Hill School
After leaving Round Hill for another school and left there to teach literature at Harvard and gave up on physical education.
DELPHINE HANNA &#x2014; OBERLIN COLLEGE&#x2014; (1885-1920)
she was a professor of education in 1903
also taught Anthropometrics of college women
Eisenhower was involved in The Presidents Council on Physical and Sports
Physical fitness arose from the need for U.S. students to be as physical fit as their European counterparts
Raising the standards of physical education started to be noticeable around the times of the Korean War when the expectations fell short because of this.
Eisenhower, whose study of American children found them alarmingly deficient in fitness compared to children in other countries. President Eisenhower established the President's Council on Youth Fitness with Executive Order 10673, issued on July 16, 1956.
&#x2022; The cost of overweight and obesity to the U.S. economy is $117 billion annually in direct and indirect medical costs. Physical inactivity and poor diet account for an estimated 300,000 deaths per year. The percentage of overweight children has more than doubled since the early 1970s. Because of this the NASPE being a big part in the schools right now. Overall obesity-related health spending reaches $147 billion, double what it was nearly a decade ago. Obesity-related conditions now account for 9.1 percent of all medical spending, up from 6.5 percent in 1998, the study concluded. Being obese can cause diseases like diabetes and high blood pressure with other diseases attached. Because of having these health problems money comes out of other peoples pockets diabetes for example &#x201C;costs the nation $190 billion a year to treat, and excess weight is the single biggest risk factor for developing diabetes.&#x201D; If we can cut down on how many kids become obese starting in the schools by teaching them games and giving them the time to be active in school where they spend approximately 8 hours of their day then later in life they are more likely to continue that physical activity into their adult years.
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/32170526/ns/health-health_care/
A physical education class has a bunch of different components to make a class whole. The teacher has to have a Lesson plan and it could include things such as equipment or doing an activity on something like a track or field. Once they get out there the teacher is not going to say &#x201C;run around&#x201D; they will most likely have some sort of game or activity for you to do.
Some Popular Games are:
-floor hockey
-frisbee
-dodgeball
-Kickball
-basketball and other sports
Equipment
-Cones
-Machines
-Treadmill
-Elliptical
-bikes
-balls
-Sticks
Having motivation to be active in Physical Education class is a big part of participation. When a student doesn&#x2019;t have friends or someone they know in the class they are less likely to participate. Going along with that when a student feels as though the skill level isn&#x2019;t as high as they would like or they dont have much skill at all they don&#x2019;t want to participate.
Games are the what everyone looks forward to in class.
People don&#x2019;t realize how many different games have come about.
We all know the basics
kickball
dodgeball
frisbee
but things such as using a parachute incorporates other forms of equipment to get kids moving. Bringing games like the parachute back to high school would bring back &#x201C;old times&#x201D; for them and i believe they will get more involved
Depending on the Activity or game that is being played there is usually some kind of equipment
In high school its know that many people don&#x2019;t take a physical education class or hardly participate when they do have to take it. There are many perspectives that affect the participation whether it be the grade or being a different sex. Its harder for girls in class because the guys can become more intense and push. Kids 8-18 spend on average 71/2 hours of their day watching TV, BEING ON THE COMPUTER, talking or texting on their cell phones and watching movies. In high school only 1/3 of the kids get the recommended physical activity that they need.
some facts as of 2001
&#x201D;Students in grades 9 and 10 (73.7% and 54.1%, respectively) were significantly more likely than students in grades 11 and 12 (39.1% and 31.3%, respectively) to be enrolled in a PE class, and students in grade 9 (73.7%) were significantly more likely than students in grade 10 (54.1%)&#x201D;
&#x201C;Male students in grade 11 (30%) were significantly more likely than female students in grade 11 (15.6%) to have attended PE class daily, and male students in grade 12 (26.1%) were significantly more likely than female students in grade 12 (14.7%) to report this behavior&#x201D;
These 4 programs are only a few from many programs that are trying to get to the middle of the lack of physical education.
The american Heart association has created MANY groups that kids can get involved in.
Alliance for a Healthier generation
demonstrates ways for kids to be active in all different kinds of ways at all times throughout the day.
FIT KIDS ACT
-a fight to kill obesity the FIT kids act helps ensure a brighter and healthier future.
-FIT: Fitness Integrated with Teaching Kids.
-This act amends the No Child Left Behind Act to help prioritize quality physical education in our schools.
-This federal legislation has been introduced by Representatives Ron Kind (D-WI) and Zach Wamp (R-TN) in the House of Representatives, and by Senators Tom Harkin (D-IA) and John Ensign (R-NV) in the Senate. The bill amends the No Child Left Behind Act to ensure that kids learn how to be responsible for their health and that they are active during the school day.
http://www.fitkidsact.org/about.aspx
Since going into the White house Michelle Obama has taken an unintuitive to fix the obesity problem in children. Her new program Lets Move, which is sponsored by the government and consists of four key components. These components are Making Healthier Choices, Healthier Foods in Schools, Access and Affordability of Healthy Foods, the last one is the main focus which is Increasing Physical Activity and Physical Education. This program has taken 6 states and is using them as an experiment for the program to reconstruct the physical education program. A big surprise is that Pennsylvania was one of the chose 6 states and at this time they are reconstructing the way gym classes are taught and are trying to keep the obesity level down
Mission:
&#x201C;The NASPE mission is to enhance knowledge, improve professional practice, and increase support for high quality physical education, sport, and physical activity programs.&#x201D;
http://www.aahperd.org/naspe/about/mission.cfm
Basically what the NASPE is, is that they believe and try to get every school to raise their physical activity level. Many schools including ours do not require physical activity for more then two years, and after that about 30 kids continue to take a gym class and most of these kids are not the one who need it because their the ones involved in other physical activities outside of school
Having the national standards for physical education helps to develop individuals knowledge, skills and confidence yet at the same time have fun and maintain a healthy lifestyle. They want the kids in the United States to be able to obtain the six standards that the NASPE base their programs of education off of.
Standard 1: Demonstrates competency in motor skills and movement patterns needed to perform a variety of physical activities
Standard 2:Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies, and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities.
Standard 3: Participates regularly in physical activity
Standard 4: Achieves and maintains a health-enhancing level of physical fitness.
Standard 5:Exhibits responsible personal and social behavior that respects self and others in physical activity settings.
Standard 6: Values physical activity for health, enjoyment, challenge, self-expression, and/or social interaction.
A big thing the NASPE focus's on is that every student in the United states has the opportunity to get the best quality education that is possible, this includes grades Pk-12
The four components of high-quality of physical education as NASPE expects it to be are
The opportunity to learn
Meaningful content
Appropriate Instruction
Student and Program Assessment
The big reason that Quality Physical Education is put in place was because it helps students develop in many ways. Some of these ways include, health-related fitness, physical competence, cognitive understanding and last it helps keep a positive attitude towards the activity or sport. These components of a quality physical education can help them adapt to a healthy and physical lifestyle
The NASPE recommends that schools provide a minimum of 150 minutes of instructed physical education a week in elementary schools and that should continue throughout the year. High school where students seem to get LESS activity because it becomes an optional class and some are not a whole year class either, it is recommended that students get at least 225 minutes a week of physical activity and that also should be carried out throughout the whole year.
Continuing my involvement in physical education class throughout my senior and junior years I can say for a fact that we do not get nearly CLOSE to that 225 minutes a week of physical activity. By the time we get to class after getting dressed and situated we get approximately 20 minutes of physical education in one class.With the lack of physical education classes offered in school we do only get about 40 minutes a week of physical education class.
The grading policies between these two are very similar. Both of the schools run off of a 100 points a marking period, which is broken down between different components. One of the main differences you will notice is that Spring-Ford pays more attention to Cognitive Assessment and less attention to Social and cooperation as Upper Merion does.
Upper Merions are as followed:
Responsible participation: 50 points
Social/cooperation: 20 points
Performance assessment: 10 points
Cognitive assessment: 20 points
Spring-Ford:
Responsible participation: 50 points
Social/Cooperation: 10 points
Performance Assessment: 10 points
Cognitive Assessment: 30 points
Responsible Participation is broken down into the following criteria
1. Effort
the kids participate to the best of their ability
they volunteer and work to the appropriate level for ones-self
2. Attitude:
Teachable
Accepts constructive criticism
Displays enthusiasm
Good sportsmanship
Appropriate language
3. Dress Ready
On time; in appropriate attire
Sneakers (must be securely attached to the foot)
t-shirt
Shorts/sweatpants
There WILL NOT be any
cut off t-shirts or spandex
Pajama bottoms
Clothes that were worn to school that day
NOTE:
Any failure to wear the appropriate attire will result in a grade reduction. Any student who does not participate in class due to their inappropriate attire four times in one marking period will result in a failing grade.
Social/Cooperation is broken down into the following Criteria
Shows concern and respects others
Demonstrates leadership/sportsmanship
Shares ideas
Volunteers to help others
Works well with others
This section of the grading is also worth 10 points and is more of what the teachers asses you on
1. Skill tests
2. fitness test
3. Technique rubrics
4. Teacher observation (game play)
Cognitive Assessment doesn&#x2019;t seem to be as big as an impact as it says. It is supposed to be 30 points but how many of us have really taken a written quiz in Gym class?
1. Written Quizzes/test
2. Authentic Assessment (following rules, use of equipment appropriately)
3. Verbal response
4. Written assessment (minute papers, closure Activities, self evaluation peer assessment)
The new physical education is aimed to help kids not only physically but mentally too
-develop self confidence
-eliminates practices that will humiliate a student
-Having team captains, choosing sides, dodgeball
-emphasizes knowledge and skills for lifetime of physical activity
-students active for most of the class time
-meets needs of all students, especially those who are not athletically gifted
-assess students on their progress on reaching the goal not on whether they achieve an absolute standard
-teaching self management skills, such as goal setting and self-monitoring
-focuses, at high school level on helping adolescents make the transition to a physically active adult lifestyle.
-activity teaches fair play and responsible participation
-is enjoyable for all students and are able to have fun
Some set goals that teachers will make would be along the lines of something like this:
provide lifetime activity skills
Improve physical fitness levels in all students
Provide opportunity to cooperate, work as a team develop sense of fair plan and care about each other
have fun
All of these components are what is brought together to make up a class. Going in the class one my not notice all that actually goes into teaching the students.
To start out the teacher has to have an objective for the lesson that is being applied
A big component that needs to be focused on is the fitness component
this fitness component is what parts on your body it is working
for example when a scooter is being used it is using your hamstrings and quadriceps to pull and push yourself around on the scooter. You can add use of your arms by playing basketball some other kind of game while rolling around.
