10. Value Added = Sales - Cost of Purchased Materials Cotton $5 5-0 = 5 Shirt-Wholesale 15 15-5 = 10 Shirt-Retail 30 30-15 = 15 30 Sales Value Added
11. Nominal GDP, Real GDP & the GDP Deflator Nominal (Y) = ( P 2005 x Q 2005 ) - (P 2005 x Q 2005 ) [sales] [materials] Real (y) = (P 1997 x Q 2005 ) - (P 1997 x Q 2005 ) GDP Deflator = Nominal GDP/Real GDP Base Year? Chain-Weighted Real GDP
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26. MPN N Rule: Proceed as long as MR > MC Here: MR = P x MPN MC = W N VMP = P x MPN W 0 N D STOP View of Employment (N)
27. What if W Changes? W, VMP N W 0 W 0 ’ N D N D ’ VMP