Although both Bipolar I and Bipolar II may have similar symptoms it is important to be able to differentiate between the two in order to offer proper treatment for the client. . The major difference between the two is the severity of the manic episodes.
Biological insight into bipolar disorder has increased over the years but, there it is clear there is no singular cause.
Much focus is centered on brain chemistry of bipolar patients and little is mentioned on genetic factors. This is because there is little statistically significant evidence to support genetic factors contributing to bipolar disorders. More expansive evidence has been found in studies regarding schizophrenia, which made it difficult to find arguments regarding bipolar disorder.
The most influential and notable research on genetics is research involving twins, families, and adoption studies. The studies have concluded that genetic factors can leave individuals susceptible to bipolar disorder. Another technique that has been used by researchers is molecular biology, “linking bipolar disorders to genes on chromosomes 1,4,6,10,11,12,13,15,18,21,and22” (Depaulo,2004). This information supports the theory that there is indeed a genetic component to bipolar disorders. Researchers have concluded that based on statistical models, which not one but many genes of moderate or small effect contribute to bipolar disorders (Rutter, 2006).
Determining the right dosage is very important when treating bipolar clients. It is a process that should not be taken lightly. Too little of a dose will not treat the mood swings and too high of a dose can lead to intoxication. Research has proven that Lithium is effective in treating manic episodes. . Atypical antipsychotic drugs are effective as adjuncts to mood stabilizers in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder, especially for patients with more chronic and relapsing forms of bipolar disorders. Atypical antipsychotic drugs are favorable because they do not have side effects other drugs have such as Tardive Dyskinesia. (Soares&Young, 2007). Most importantly, atypical antipsychotic drugs appear to have mood-stabilizing, anti-manic, and anti-depressant actions (Ertugrul&Meltzer, 2003). “Few controlled studies have tested the effectiveness of such adjunctive therapy, but clinical reports suggest that it helps reduce hospitalization, improves social functioning, and increases clients` ability to obtain and hold a job” (Soares& Young, 2007).
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