Npn 2011 atlanta conference winners sankofa project-actual

Culture-Based Prevention
Programming for African-
American Youth
The Winners‟
Sankofa Project:
The Culture-Based
Intervention
of
Avalon Carver
Community Center

Guiding Principles:
My Major Premise
Conditions which contribute to alcohol and
drug use by African American youth (and
adults) are only significant in the absence
of a strong cultural foundation. In other
words, individuals, families and
communities with cultural grounding are
less at risk of the many problems
associated with alcohol and drug use.

Significance of Model, Intervention
& Curriculum
Founded on the principal that racial
consciousness is the key variable in the
development and implementation of a
substance abuse prevention program that
simultaneously promotes cultural identity
and political/social/economic power.

Overview of Problem
• Culture and cultural worldview are
the foundation for every and any
program model, curriculum and
intervention. Regardless of how
much anyone denies it, everything
that we produce stems from and
reflects our experiences, ideas,
perceptions, biases, etc.
Consequently, any and all
program models, curricula and
intervention in prevention –
whether recognized or not by
CSAP as being so – are culture
based. Unfortunately, the
program models, curricula and
intervention that we are being
forced to select from for our
communities are not written from
our perspective, experiences, and
our interests….our perspective of
the problem to be addressed.

Dr. Wade Nobles
“The Culture of Drugs in the Black Community”

• “We can‟t use the theories,
models, or interpretations of
anyone else to even correct
the problems that we
experience…that are in fact,
problems that other folk
experience. We can‟t grab
some other person‟s notion of
what works and apply it to the
African American community.
We must build programs,
interventions, and curricula
upon something that reflects
our own base, models that
have integrity, that have not
been contaminated.

Dr. Wade Nobles
“The Culture of Drugs in the Black Community”
“...given that the existing treatment
and prevention modalities and the
delivery of effective services are
doubly laden by „cultural
irrelevance‟ and „structural
constraints‟ and that the problems
experienced by black children and
families are being exacerbated by
the emerging drug culture and
drug-related activities, bold new
solutions must be sought out. The
key to solving any problem is in
accurately understanding the
„nature of the problem‟. The drug
trafficking and drug-related
behavior problem is neither
exclusively a mental health
problem nor a drug use problem. It
is a problem of culture.”

Dr. Naim Akbar
“Chains and Images of Psychological Slavery”

• “ We can reverse the
destructive effects of slavery
by looking to strengths in our
past and beginning to make
plans for our future. If we begin
to direct our children‟s
attention to strong images like
themselves, they will grow in
self respect. We must honor
and exalt our own heroes, and
these heroes must be people
who have done the most to
dignify us as a people.”

Post Traumatic Slavery Disorder
Sekou Mims, Larry Higginbottom, and Omar Reid

• Current dysfunctional
behaviors and disorders
that exist in the black
community have origins
linked back to the African
Slavery period; the
events and trauma of
slavery have contributed
to many of the
dysfunctional behaviors
that are exhibited by
African Americans today.

Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome
Dr. Joy DeGruy

• PTSS is a condition that
exists when a population
has experienced
multigenerational trauma
resulting from centuries of
slavery and continues to
experience oppression
and institutional racism
today.

Concept of Sankofa
• The concept of SANKOFA is derived
from the Akan people of West Afrika.
SANKOFA is expressed in the Akan
language as "se wo were fi na wosan
kofa a yenki."

• Literally translated it means "it is not
taboo to go back and fetch what you
forgot".

• "Sankofa" teaches us that we must go
back to our roots in order to move
forward. That is, we should reach back
and gather the best of what our past
has to teach us, so that we can achieve
our full potential as we move forward.
Whatever we have lost, forgotten,
forgone or been stripped of, can be
reclaimed, revived, preserved and
perpetuated.

Our Challenge…
…to develop program
models, interventions
and curricula that
reflect OUR
perception of the
problem(s) impacting
OUR community and
that are designed to
meet the cultural
needs of OUR youth
and adults.

A House Is Only As Strong As Its Foundation…On
Which Foundation Do We Build Our Program
Models, Interventions and Curricula?

• Clay Roberts
• J. David Hawkins
• Richard Catalina
• Bonnie Bernard
• Michael Goodstadt
• Richard Jessor
• Eric Schaps
• Karol Kumpfer
• Kirby Alvy
• John Swisher
• D. B. Kandel
• Larry Wallack

• Wade Nobles
• Jawanza Kunjufu
• Nathan & Julia Hare
• Naim Akbar
• Molefi Asanti
• Cheryl Grills
• Malcolm X
• Ron Karenga
• Carter G. Woodson
• Marcus Garvey
• Frederick Douglass
• Asa Hilliard

Evidence-Based: The Work of
The Association of Black Psychology
The ABPSI is one of the very few national Black organizations formed during the 1960s era that has
survived until today. The organization was finally able to launch The Journal of Black Psychology
in 1974. The leaders of ABPSI and the culturally relevant research in its Journal of Black
Psychology has provided invaluable research on the effectiveness of the importance of culture
and culture-based programming for youth of color. The Association‟s eight organizational goals:

• * To enhance the psychological well being of Black people in America.
• * To promote constructive understanding of Black people through positive approaches to
• research.
• * To develop an approach to psychology that is consistent with the experience of Black people.
• * To define mental health in consonance with newly established psychological
concepts and standards regarding Black people.
• * To develop internal support systems for Black psychologists and students of
• psychology.
• * To develop policies for local, state, and nation decision-making which impact on
• the mental health of the Black community.
• * To promote values & lifestyle that support our survival and well being as a race.
• * To support established Black organizations and aid in the development of new independent
• Black institutions to enhance our psychological, educational, cultural, and economic situation.

Evidence-Based…The Work of Dr. Wade Nobles

Much of what we do is based on the research of Dr. Wade Nobles of the
“Institute for the Advanced Study of Black Family Life and Culture”
(Oakland, California). According to Dr. Nobles,....”in the process of
restoration of order in the African American community, there are several
critical components of an African-centered model of prevention for the
family that need to be implemented.

• * Establish African-centered theories of human development and
transformation;
• * Develop culturally consistent intervention, prevention, and treatment
methods;
• * Create African-based development and training programs in response to
the concrete conditions affecting the viability of African peoples;
• * Create contemporary examples of traditional African-American techniques
of child development without violating the traditional cultural core; and
• * Develop methods and processes designed to force societal institutions to
respect, reflect, and incorporate the cultural integrity and expressions of
African peoples.”

Recurring Themes

• Cultural Traditions
• Rituals
• Family Life
• Religion
• Positive Self-Perceptions
• Independent Thought
• Images Like Ourselves
• Appropriate Role Models
• Positive Self-Image
• Commitment to Race,
Family, Community &
Nation

Recurring Themes

• Values Orientation
• Community Involvement
• Church Involvement
• Racial Responsibility
• Community Responsibility
• Spirituality
• Discipline
• Service
• African Frame of
Reference
• Rites of Passage

Description of Avalon Carver
Program & Winners

Avalon Carver Community Center
• Long standing tradition of
providing quality services
to low-income residents
of South-Central Los
Angeles.
• Incorporated in 1940 and
established in the
tradition of “settlement
houses” following the
Great Depression.

Avalon Carver Program Services
• Outpatient Drug Free
Counseling (Adult, Prop 36,
CalWorks, & General Relief)
• First Offenders Program
• AB 541
• AB 762
• Parenting Classes
• ESL Classes
• Reliable Energy
Weatherization Program
• Saturday Academy
• Community Prevention
Program
• 1960

Winners‟ Sankofa
Culture-Based Intervention
• 1960
• Tom Bradley
Elementary School
since 1984
• Classroom Activities
• After School Activities
• Community Activities
• Culture-Based &
Curriculum-Driven

The Winners‟ Sankofa
Intervention
The intervention is “based on
the philosophy, culture, and
values of African and African-
American people and seeks
through the use of African
American culture to assist
Black children in gaining a full
and complete understanding of
their duties and responsibilities
as Black boys and girls. By
introducing our youth to the
qualities, attributes, and
responsibilities of African and
African-American men and
women of excellence, the
intervention stimulates in their
character the desire to become
high achievers and the best at
whatever they do.”

The Winners‟ Sankofa
Intervention
• In “educating and inoculating”
Black youth, the intervention
attempts to re-align them to a
value and belief system which
was consistent with the
positive nature of African
people. By reinforcing the
positive attributes of Black
manhood and womanhood,
Winners “prevents” young
Black boys and girls form
being susceptible to drug
involvement and drug-related
activities and, at the same
time, assists them in becoming
mentally healthy.

Tom Bradley Elementary School &
Surrounding Community
Ranks last in a number of indicators
pertaining to education/workforce
readiness among public school
students
Ranks last in lowest number of fully
credentialed teachers of all the service
planning areas
Ranks last among public school students
reading at or above the national
average in the third grade and doing
math at or above the national average
in the third grade
Ranks last in the percentage of public high
school students who graduate with
their class or take the SAT
Ranks third in violent crime, drug dealing
and traffickingg

Tom Bradley Elementary School –
Getting There & Staying There
• School Recruitment –
• Community Demographic
& Principal Philosophy
• 1984 Principal Meeting
• Teacher Recruitment
• Sharing Program Data –
staff & community
• Securing Control Groups
• Becoming
Institutionalized

Staffing as Foundation of
Intervention
…a devotion to the African
American community that
they serve, a commitment
to “stay” and do the work
over the years at their
Center (agency, program,
organization, etc.) for the
black community, and a
belief in the potential of
African American youth
and the larger black
community.

Classroom Activities
• Target 4th & 5th Grade
• Self-Identity-driven,
educational workshops
designed to impact self-
identity, leadership skills,
social skills, ATOD
awareness, community
involvement and attitude
towards school
• 50 minute workshops
facilitated once a week
for @ 40 weeks per class
• Pen Pal Program

After School Activities
• Target 25 participants*
• Monday – Thursday
2:30 – 4:30
• Homework Assistance
Workshops Daily
• Leadership Development
Workshops (once per
week x 30 weeks)
• ATOD Prevention
Workshops (once per
week x 30 weeks)
• Pen Pal Writing Program

Community-Oriented Activities
• Days of Dialogue
• Red Ribbon Week
Rally & Celebration
• Community Signage
Campaign
• Voter Registration
Campaign

Winners Curriculum:
The Centerpiece of the Intervention
• Assertiveness of Maxine • Nationalism of Malcolm X
Waters • Opinions of Booker T.
• Blues of BB King Washington
• Creativity of Count William • Persistence of Ida B. Wells
Basie • Quest of Alex Haley, Jr.
• Devotion of Fredrick Douglass • Re-education of Carter G.
• Eloquence of Jesse Jackson Woodson
• Fearlessness of Desmond • Soul of James Brown
Tutu • Triumphs of Muhammad Ali
• Glamour of Cleopatra VII • Underground Railroad of
• Humor of Bill Cosby Harriet Tubman
• Kingliness of M.L. King • Wisdom W.E.B.DuBois
• Magnificence of Marcus • Xcellence of Mary McCloud
Garvey Bethune

Assertiveness of Maxine Waters
• 001. The Assertive Me
• 002. Stand-Up (Behavior)
• 003. Stand-Up (Values &
Attitudes)
• 004. In Defense of Self
• 005. Heroes & Heroines
• 006. My Assertive Parents
• 007. Right And Wrong
• 008. Fun With Assertiveness

Blues of B. B. King
• 009. One Of Those Days
• 010. Lonely Me, Lonely Me
• 011. The Sad Me
• 012. The Disappointed Me
• 013. My Disappointed Parents
• 014. Fun With The Blues
• 015. Fun With
Disappointments

Creativity of Count Basie
• 016. The Creative Me
• 017. The Skillful Me
• 018. Who I Admire
• 019. My Creative Parents
• 020. Creative Solutions
• 021. The Perfect Song
• 022. The Perfect Creation
• 023. If I Could Be An
Instrument
• 024. Fun With Creativity

Devotion of Fredrick Douglass
• 025. The Devoted Me
• 026. My Devoted Parents
• 027. Community Service
• 028. The Sacrificing Me
• 029. Sacrifices
• 030. The Loyal Me
• 031. My Loyal Friends
• 032. The Affectionate Me
• 033. Feeling Good
• 034. About Friends
• 035. You Need Devotion
• 036. Fun With Devotion

Eloquence of Jesse Jackson
• 037. The Persuasive Me
• 038. The Spokesperson In
Me
• 039. Speaking One's Mind
• 040. It's Not What You Say...
• 041. Preaching Me
• 042. Almost Like Singing
• 043. My Persuasive Parents
• 044. Smooth Talker
• 045. Let's Stop It Now!
• 046. Push For Excellence
• 047. What It Means To Me
• 048. My Eulogy
• 049. Fun With Eloquence

Fearlessness of Desmond Tutu
• 050. The Brave Me
• 051 Freedom At All Cost
• 052. And The Young Shall Lead
• 053. My Fearless Parents
• 054 Our Poor, Young, Misguided
Warriors
• 055. Dangerous Situation
• 056. My Dangerous Community
• 057. Decisions...Decisions...
• 058. Everyday Decisions
• 059. The Frightened Me
• 060. Being Afraid
• 061. A Time I Should Have
Been Frightened
• 062. Just Saying No
• 063. Someone I Really Admire

Glamour of Cleopatra VII
• 064. The Attractive Me
• 065. Mirror, Mirror, On The
Wall
• 066. Sharp As A Tack
• 067. Someone Glamorous I
Admire
• 068. My Glamorous Parents
• 069. Black Is Beautiful
• 070. My Not So Glamorous
Community
• 071. Inner & Outer Beauty
• 072. Word Portrait
• 073. Signs & Symbols
• 074. Fun With Cleopatra

Humor of Bill Cosby
• 075. The Funny Me
• 076. My Funniest Moments
• 077. The Funniest Thing To
Happen To Me
• 078. My Funny Parents
• 079. They Were Once Kids,
Too!
• 080. Seriously Speaking...
• 081. Name Calling: Not At All
Funny
• 082. Giving Something Back
• 083. Commercials &
Advertisements
• 084. Just Don't Laugh If Off

Inventiveness of Benjamin
Banneker
• 085. My Intelligent Self
• 086. Smart Rap!
• 087. Intelligent Decisions
• 088. My Intelligent Parents
• 089. The Wisdom Of The Old
Ones
• 090. My First Book
• 091. Smarting-Off At The
Mouth
• 092. A Really Dumb Thing To
Say
• 093. And The Truth Shall Set
You Free
• 094. Fun With Intelligence

Judgment of Thurgood Marshall
• 095. The Opinionated Me
• 096. I Had My Stuff Together
• 097. Talk Is Cheap!
• 098. Laws & Order: Rules
• 099. Less Fortunate Than Us
• 100. Money Ain't Everything
• 101. We All Make Mistakes
• 102. Too Much Temptation
• 103. Just One More Chance

Kingliness of Dr. Martin Luther King
• 104. This is Your Life
• 105. The Peaceful Me
• 106. The Non-Violent Me
• 107. The Patient Me
• 108. Me & My Dreams
• 109. Law & Order: Rules
• 110. Free at Last, Free at Last
• 111. If Only They Knew My
Mind Was Changing
• 112. In My Parent‟s Footsteps
• 113. Looking Back
• 114. He Just Said No

The Legendary Lady -Billie
Holiday
• 115. Character Blocks
• 116. Tender Moments
• 117. Lovers
• 118. Being Hugged
• 119. Giving Hugs
• 120. The Needing Me
• 121. Heroes
• 122. A Hard Habit To Break
• 123. My Biggest
Disappointments
• 124. Forbidden Music
• 125. Feelings

Magnificence of Marcus Garvey
• 126. The Flamboyant Me: Doing It
With Style
• 127. A Leader of Men
• 128. I Dared To Dream
• 129. I Really Didn‟t
Understand
• 130. Visions of A Better Place
• 131. The Praise of My Parents
• 132. A Long Time Coming:
The Cure
• 133. Helpers
• 134. My Dying Breaths
• 135. They Set Me Up
• 136. Create-A-Person
• 137. Words To Remember

Nationalism of Malcolm X
• My Names The Thing
• The Nationalistic Me
• My Strengths
• Stand Tall!
• My Brother‟s Keeper
• Positive Influences
• Not Really That Different
• Of All The Colors of the
Rainbow
• Growing Pains
• Self-Determination
• Words To Remember

Opinions of Booker T.
Washington
• Minding My Own Business
• Books Versus Great Men
• The Power of Education
• A Lasting Testament To Me
• Bad Advice
• City, Country, City
• It All Comes Back In The Wash
• What They Wanted To Hear
• Living By One‟s Wits
• Earning Their Respect
• My Hands Are Magic
• A Lesson From My Mother
• The Trusted Me
• Our Mistrusting Selves
• A Truly Remarkable Day
• Can I Get A Witness

Persistence of Ida B. Wells
• The Journalistic Me
• Nicknames
• Vandalism
• Bouncing Back
• Mightier Than The Sword
• It Costs To Be Boss
• You Should Have Written It
Down
• To Bug or Not To Bug
• Character Blocks
• Words to Remember

Quest of Alex Haley, Jr.
• My Search For The Truth
• My Family Tree
• My Family
• Family Portrait
• Our Family Album
• My Mom: A Very Special
Woman
• My Strong Father
• Grandparents
• Spoiled Rotten
• If I Could Spend A Day With
Any Relative
• A Time We Came Together

Re-education of Carter G.
Woodson
• Education About Me
• A Source of Pride
• It Really Made Me Think
• The Right Thing For The
Wrong Reasons
• More Than Talk
• A Matter of Control
• Giving Something Back
• The Confidence To Try
• What Do You Think?

Soul of James Brown
• Say It Loud: I‟m Black & Proud
• I‟m Superbad!
• Get Up, Get Into It, Get Involved
• Funky President
• The Big Payback
• Please, Please, Please
• Don‟t Be No Drop-Out
• King Heroin
• Escapism
• Just Talking Loud & Saying
Nothing
• I Feel Good
• I Got That Feeling
• It‟s a Man‟s World
• Papa Don‟t Take No Mess

Triumphs of Muhammad Ali
• The Triumphant Me
• I Am The Greatest
• My Biggest Fight of All
• Against All Odds
• Oops, A Minor Setback
• In This Corner
• The Greatest Love

Underground Railroad of Harriet
Tubman
• On A Mission
• The Sneaky Me
• Never Give Up
• Not As They Appear To Be
• The Things Mine Eyes Have Seen
• Not Worth a Six-Pence
• The Power of Prayer
• A Sense of Family
• Didn‟t Even Tell Momma
• For My Father
• What Goes Around, Comes
Around
• When Its Time To Go, Its Time To
Go
• Judging All By A Few
• Now That is Really A Dumb Law

Veracity of Richard Wright
• To Be True, To Be True
• And The Truth Shall Free
You
• Honesty Is The Best
Policy, But..
• Don‟t Take It So Personal
• The Big Lie
• I Write The Truth

Wisdom of W.E.B. DuBois
• What Do You Think?
• The Non-Assertive Me
• Time Brings About A Change
• For As Long As I Can
• This Job Really Interests Me
• On Leadership
• Working Together
• Learning From Others
• A Lack of Self-Respect
• Biting My Tongue: No Not Me!
• My Philosophy of Life
• Me: The Organizer
• The Most Beautiful Place I‟ve
Seen
• The Threat of Expulsion
• African.....Ugh!

Xcellence of Mary McLeod
Bethune
• Someone To Lean On
• The Right Stuff
• Her Greatest Achievement
• Ain‟t To Proud To Beg
• Diamond In The Rough
• A Special Place in My Heart
• Recognition
• A Giving Situation
• A Really Classy Person: My
Teacher
• Lovers
• Plain Hard-Headedness
• Weak Points
• Create-A-Person
• Fun With Extraordinary

Yearnings of Whitney Young, Jr.
• My Perfect Society
• We All Bring Something
To The Table
• I Can Change Attitudes
• It All Begins At Home
• Nothing Comes Easy
• What Does It Mean to
You
• The Pursuit of Excellence

Zeal of Paul Robeson
• The Enthusiastic Me
• The Multi-Talented Me
• Just Actin‟
• Here I Stand
• Proud To Be
• I Wasn‟t Raised That Way
• We Will Never Forget You
• Our Own Worst Enemy
• Difficult Decisions
• They Didn‟t Back Down
• Sometimes We Must Pay The
Price
• The Truth Shall Be Known
• Ahead Of His Time
• They Still Ring True
• My Epitaph

Sample Lesson: The Greatest Love

In the seventies, a movie was made about Muhammad Ali. Of course, it was called “The
Greatest”, and it starred you-know-who in the title role. The movie was about the
Champ‟s life inside and outside of the ring. One thing that people remember most about
the movie was its title song, sung by George Benson. The song, “The Greatest Love”,
was also sung by Whitney Houston two or three years later. The song had some very
heavy lyrics; lyrics that we all could relate to. Some of the song‟s lyrics were:

“I believe that children are our future,
Teach them well and let them lead the way.
Show them all the feelings they possess within...
Give them a sense of pride to make it easier...
The greatest love of all is happening to me...
I found the greatest love inside of me.”

If I understand the song correctly, it is saying that “the greatest love of all” is the love
that we have for ourselves. And, this love that we have for ourselves is based on our
sense of pride that comes from our sense of identity. Whew! That was a mouthful. In
other words, we love ourselves because of our pride in ourselves as young, gifted, and
black people.

Of course, this song and its lyrics may mean something very different to you. In the
spaces below, please describe your feelings about the song, “The Greatest Love” and
what the song  says to you .

We All Bring Something To The Table

Whitney Young believed that his "Open Society" could not be based on America's
"melting pot" theory of culture. A lot of people believed that America was like a very big
pot containing people from all over the world with unique cultural values and traditions.
Magically, from all of our American experiences, those cultural values and traditions that
made people different would disappear and, presto, we'd all be Americans with a
common value system and a common set of traditions. Irishmen, Russians, Britains,
Germans, Asians, Africans, and Mexicans would all be Americans...all in possession of a
common set of values and traditions, and all as equal contributors to this common
cultural foundation.

But, we all know what the "melting pot" theory was all about, right? Mr. Young saw the
"real truth" behind the melting pot theory; "it was an attempt to strip people of culture
and traditions in order to transform everyone into middle class, white Anglo-
Saxons. Black people have something unique and valuable to contribute to
American society - as other groups before them - and their pride in their heritage
is an important part of this. Freedom cannot be portioned out only to those willing
to reject their heritage.“

This lesson is kind of tricky. For this lesson, you are going to describe the "unique and
valuable" things black people have to contribute to his society. Take a few minutes
before you begin to "get your thoughts together".

Winners: Vol. 4
Community-Role Models Curriculum

The Dependable Deborah Harris
1. My Dependable Parents

2. I Guess I Had To Do It

3. Never Give Up

4. To Do The Right Thing

5. Fun With Dependability

The Responsible Lenora Robinson
1. Wise Old Owls

2. Taking Responsibility

3. My Big Decision

4. Never Wanting For Anything

5. Poor Little Rich Kids

6. Fun With Responsibility

The Compassionate Michael
Washington
1. What Goes Around, Comes
Around
2. My Brother‟s Keeper
3. Lessons Learned
4. For The Children
5. A Parting of Ways
6. Not That Time
7. Not Unlike a Man
8. Fun With Compassionate

Winners: Vol. 5
Latino-Centric Curricula: An Idea

• B – Brave –
Cesar Chavez
• R – Revolutionary –
Fidel Castro
• O – Opinionated –
Sonya Sotomayor
• W –Wild Lifestyle –
Freddie Printz
• N – Noteworthy –
Celia Cruz

The Brave Cesar Chavez
1.The Odds Were Against
Me
2. Outside of My Comfort
Zone
3. Viva La Causa
4. Si, Se Puede
5. Worthy of an Award
6. The Courage to be
Non-Violent
7. Cesar Chavez Word
Search

The Revolutionary Fidel Castro
1. A Sense of Right &
Wrong
2. Try & Try Again: Time
For A New Plan
3. Making Enemies
4. Being Disliked
5. Bouncing Back From
Humiliation
6. Stepping Up To The
Plate
7. Nine Lives

The Opinionated Sonia Sotomayor
1. Heart, Soul, and Spirit
2. The Importance of
Experience
3. The Saddest Crime of All
4. An Affirmative Action
Baby
5. I Didn‟t Do It By Myself
6. It Really Does Make A
Difference

The Wild Lifestyle of Freddie Printz
1. From Our Parents
2. Beneath the Surface
3. Dealing With Stress &
Pressure
4. Titles of Nobility
5. Changing for the Worse
6. Even Good People Make
Mistakes
7. Missing Someone

The Noteworthy Celia Cruz
1. My Legacy: A Testament
To Me
2. Doing What I Want to Do
3. Me & My Clothes
4. My Biggest
Disappointment
5. A Weighty Problem
6. Regalo del Alma
7. Catch Phrases

Discussion of Evaluation
Protocol & Results

Evaluation Protocol
• Pre & Post Testing
October and June
• Testing Protocol
• Program Assessments -School
Sentiment Index, Self-
Appraisal Inventory,
Rosenberg, Children Racial
Identity Scale, Africentric
Values Scale, ATOD
Awareness Assessment, and
Youth Leadership Assessment
• Community Events
Assessment
• 4th Grade Control Group
(Alarcon)

Evaluation Results

Side-By-Side Comparison

2010-2011
2009-2010
2008-2009

School Sentiment Index
4th Grade

Children’s Racial Identity Scale
4th Grade

Africentric Values Scale
4th Grade

ATOD Awareness Scale
4th Grade

Leadership Development
4th Grade

5th Grade

Children’s Racial Identity Scale
5th Grade

Africentric Values Scale
5th Grade

Leadership Development
5th Grade

Evaluation Results
2010 – 2011
Program Year

CHILDREN‟S RACIAL IDENTITY SCALE
MEAN SCORE IMPROVEMENT – 4TH GRADE
2010-2011

SUMMARY

Groups Count Sum Average Variance

Control 18 -31 -1.72222 3.859477

Messnger 19 77 4.052632 2.94152

Cole 10 33 3.3 5.788889

Ellis 19 87 4.578947 2.146199

ANOVA
Source of P-
Variation SS df MS F value F crit
Between 455.1 151.7 44.94 1.48E 2.75
Groups 948 3 316 891 -15 297

Within 209.2 3.375
Groups 901 62 646

664.4
Total 848 65

SCHOOL SENTIMENT INDEX
2010-2011

SUMMARY


Control 18 -36 -2 15.29412

Messnger 20 177 8.85 16.02895

Cole 10 74 7.4 11.6

Ellis 20 31 1.55 38.78684

ANOVA
Source of P-
Between 1344. 448.0 20.39 2.17E 2.748
Groups 159 3 529 646 -09 191

Within 1405. 21.96
Groups 9 64 719

2750.
Total 059 67

ROSENBERG
2010-2011

SUMMARY


Control 18 -43 -2.38889 18.25163

Messnger 20 67 3.35 24.34474

Cole 10 -17 -1.7 24.67778

Ellis 20 73 3.65 18.97632

ANOVA
Source of P-
Between 528.4 176.1 8.316 9.45E 4.103
Groups 046 3 349 352 -05 264

Within 1355. 21.17
Groups 478 64 934

1883.
Total 882 67

AFRICENTRIC VALUES SCALE
2010-2011

SUMMARY


Control 18 -127 -7.05556 9.820261

Messnger 22 111 5.045455 3.75974

Cole 10 59 5.9 17.65556

Ellis 23 184 8 4.363636

ANOVA
Source of P-
Between 2570. 856.7 118.0 4.12E 2.737
Groups 324 3 748 463 -27 492

Within 500.7 7.257
Groups 99 69 956

3071.
Total 123 72

ATOD AWARENESS SCALE
2010-2011

SUMMARY


Control 18 -107 -5.94444 8.526144

Messnger 22 70 3.181818 5.679654

Cole 10 86 8.6 9.377778

Ellis 23 182 7.913043 11.90119

ANOVA
Source of P-
Between 2307. 769.1 86.94 2.17E 2.737
Groups 584 3 947 409 -23 492

Within 610.4 8.847
Groups 433 69 004

2918.
Total 027 72

LEADERSHIP INVENTORY
2010-2011

SUMMARY


Control 18 -75 -4.16667 28.61765

Messnger 20 138 6.9 89.77895

Cole 10 124 12.4 105.3778

Ellis 20 121 6.05 49.73421

ANOVA
Source of P-
Between 2139. 713.0 11.17 5.47E 2.748
Groups 291 3 971 037 -06 191

Within 4085. 63.83
Groups 65 64 828

6224.
Total 941 67

2010-2011

SUMMARY


Control 15 -3 -0.2 3.028571

Shear 15 47 3.133333 4.266667

Pead 15 53 3.533333 4.409524

ANOVA
Source of P-
Between 126.0 63.02 16.15 6.26E 3.219
Groups 444 2 222 297 -06 942

Within 163.8 3.901
Groups 667 42 587

289.9
Total 111 44

2010-2011

SUMMARY


Control 15 21 1.4 18.11429

Shear 15 80 5.333333 22.66667

Pead 15 43 2.866667 34.55238

ANOVA
Source of P-
Between 118.5 59.26 2.360 0.106 3.219
Groups 333 2 667 177 809 942

Within 1054. 25.11
Groups 667 42 111

1173.
Total 2 44

2010-2011

SUMMARY


Control 15 -114 -7.6 9.971429

Shear 15 63 4.2 9.028571

Pead 15 93 6.2 2.171429

ANOVA
Source of P-
Between 1668 118.2 5.62E 3.219
Groups .4 2 834.2 065 -18 942

Within 296. 7.057
Groups 4 42 143

1964
Total .8 44

2010-2011

SUMMARY


Control 15 -99 -6.6 9.542857

Shear 15 76 5.066667 4.92381

Pead 15 96 6.4 5.828571

ANOVA
Source of P-
Between 1534. 767.2 113.4 1.17E 3.219
Groups 444 2 222 092 -17 942

Within 284.1 6.765
Groups 333 42 079

1818.
Total 578 44

2010-2011

SUMMARY


Control 14 -26 -1.85714 46.13187

Shear 14 178 12.71429 38.68132

Pead 14 215 15.35714 25.32418

ANOVA
Source of P-
Between 2406. 1203. 32.77 4.46E 3.238
Groups 333 2 167 271 -09 096

Within 1431. 36.71
Groups 786 39 245

3838.
Total 119 41

ROSENBERG
2010-2011

SUMMARY


Control 15 -6 -0.4 20.54286

Shear 15 76 5.066667 23.6381

Pead 15 80 5.333333 13.52381

ANOVA
P-
Source of valu
Variation SS df MS F e F crit
Between 314.1 157.0 8.165 0.00 3.219
Groups 333 2 667 704 101 942

Within 807.8 19.23
Groups 667 42 492

Total 1122 44

Evaluation Results
2009 – 2010
Program Year

2009-2010
SUMMARY
Control 15 -5 -0.333333 3.666667
Shear 18 84 4.666667 3.529412
Ellman 14 64 4.571429 5.802198
Pead 18 35 1.944444 7.46732

ANOVA
Source of VariationSS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups266.8475 3 88.94917 17.29611 3.06E-08 2.755481
Within Groups 313.7063 61 5.142727

Total 580.5538 64

2009-2010
SUMMARY
SSI-Contr 15 2 0.133333 33.98095
Shear 17 203 11.94118 25.05882
Ellman 17 189 11.11765 10.23529
Pead 17 129 7.588235 26.13235

ANOVA
Between Groups1360.064 3 453.3548 19.2711 6.06E-09 2.75297
Within Groups 1458.557 62 23.52511

Total 2818.621 65

ROSENBERG
2009-2010
SUMMARY
Control 15 -14 -0.933333 48.49524
Shear 19 267 14.05263 15.38596
Ellman 15 151 10.06667 34.92381
Pead 19 162 8.526316 26.37427

ANOVA
Between Groups1955.331 3 651.7772 21.73099 8.05E-10 2.748191
Within Groups 1919.551 64 29.99298

Total 3874.882 67

2009-2010
SUMMARY
Control 15 2 0.133333 10.55238
Shear 19 72 3.789474 11.17544
Ellman 14 60 4.285714 12.06593
Pead 19 158 8.315789 6.005848

ANOVA
Between Groups571.5494 3 190.5165 19.55277 4.49E-09 2.750541
Within Groups 613.8536 63 9.743708

Total 1185.403 66

2009-2010

SUMMARY
Control 14 12 0.857143 8.901099
Shear 19 95 5 13.44444
Ellman 14 98 7 5.692308
Pead 19 116 6.105263 8.654971

ANOVA
Between Groups 318.269 3 106.0897 11.19577 5.75E-06 2.75297
Within Groups 587.5038 62 9.475867

Total 905.7727 65

2009-2010

SUMMARY
Control 15 -58 -3.866667 99.12381
Shear 18 228 12.66667 57.17647
Ellman 15 225 15 54.57143
Pead 18 322 17.88889 51.04575

ANOVA
Between Groups4458.262 3 1486.087 23.08334 3.75E-10 2.75297
Within Groups 3991.511 62 64.37921

Total 8449.773 65

2009-2010
SUMMARY
Control -5th 22 -2 -0.090909 5.134199
Ellis 16 3 0.1875 4.5625
Codio 11 42 3.818182 4.163636

ANOVA
Between Groups123.3733 2 61.68663 13.02289 3.3E-05 3.199582
Within Groups217.892 46 4.736784

Total 341.2653 48

2009-2010

SUMMARY
Control 16 18 1.125 28.51667
Ellis 16 46 2.875 32.25
Codio 16 210 13.125 21.58333

ANOVA
Between Groups1344.667 2 672.3333 24.49302 6.36E-08 3.204317
Within Groups1235.25 45 27.45

Total 2579.917 47

2009-2010
SUMMARY
Control-5th 21 -31 -1.47619 12.0619
Ellis 17 152 8.941176 15.68382
Codio 14 79 5.642857 8.401099

ANOVA
Between Groups1081.376 2 540.6878 44.05385 1.13E-11 3.186582
Within Groups 601.3936 49 12.27334

Total 1682.769 51

2009-2010
SUMMARY
Control 17 0 0 5
Ellis 17 162 9.529412 4.639706
Codio 14 62 4.428571 12.87912

ANOVA
Between Groups773.0028 2 386.5014 54.07061 1.08E-12 3.204317
Within Groups 321.6639 45 7.148086

Total 1094.667 47

2009-2010
SUMMARY
Control-5th 21 51 2.428571 67.65714
Ellis 21 402 19.14286 29.82857
Codio 24 530 22.08333 44.68841

ANOVA
Between Groups 4882.71 2 2441.355 51.65505 5.25E-14 3.142809
Within Groups 2977.548 63 47.26266

Total 7860.258 65

ROSENBERG
2009-2010
SUMMARY
Control-5th 21 36 1.714286 27.61429
Ellis 21 266 12.66667 20.53333
Codio 15 203 13.53333 44.98095

ANOVA
Between Groups1704.191 2 852.0957 28.8903 2.94E-09 3.168246
Within Groups592.686
1 54 29.49418

Total 3296.877 56

EVALUATION RESULTS

2008 – 2009
Program Year

2008-09

Children‟s Racial Identity Scale
2008-09

Culture-Centric Values Scale
2008-09

Youth Leadership Assessment
2008-09

ATOD Awareness Scale
2008-09

MEAN SCORE IMPROVEMENT 2008-2009
SUMMARY

14 ALARCON SHEAR BATES ELLMAN

COUNT 22 22 21 22
12
SUM 34 251 250 241

10 AVERAGE 1.545455 11.40909 11.90476 10.95455

VARIANCE 7.116883 2.538961 6.590476 3.093074
8
Series1
6 ANOVA

SOURCE OF SS DF MS F P-VALUE F CRIT
4 VARIANCE

BETWEEN 1610.9 03 536.9667 111.5498 4.97E-29 4.026727
2 GROUPS

WITHIN GROUPS 399.5368 83 4.813696

0
ALARCON SHEAR BATES ELLMAN TOTAL 86

SUMMARY


COUNT 21 21 21 21
14
SUM 55 241 281 232
12
AVERAGE 2.619048 11.47619 13.38095 11.04762

10 VARIANCE 9.847619 13.5619 5.147619 13.74762

8 Series1

6 ANOVA

4 VARIANCE

BETWEEN 1441.464 03 480.4881 45.43111 3.04E-17 4.036297
2 GROUPS

WITHIN GROUPS 846.0952 80 10.57619
0
ALARCON SHEAR BATES ELLMAN
TOTAL 83

SUMMARY


18 COUNT 22 22 21 22

16 SUM 27 347 378 267

AVERAGE 1.227273 15.77273 18 12.13636
14
VARIANCE 28.85065 9.898268 22.5 7.361472
12
10 Series1
8 ANOVA

6 VARIANCE

4 BETWEEN 3615.498 03 1205.166 70.52633 9.23E-23 4.026727
GROUPS
2 WITHIN GROUPS 1418.318 83 17.08817

0

ROSENBERG
SUMMARY


COUNT 21 21 21 21
14
SUM 58 196 223 329
12
AVERAGE 2.761905 9.333333 10.61905 15.66667

10 VARIANCE 14.93333 3.233333 6.947619 14.93333

8 Series1
ANOVA
6
VARIANCE
4
BETWEEN 1778.143 03 592.7143 59.41289 2.64E-20 4.036297
GROUPS
2
WITHIN GROUPS 798.0952 80 9.97619

0

SUMMARY


COUNT 22 22 21 22
6
SUM 28 89 113 129

5 AVERAGE 1.27227 4.045455 5.380952 5.863636

VARIANCE 3.350649 1.28355 1.347619 1.9329
4
Series1
3 ANOVA

2 VARIANCE

BETWEEN 278.7477 03 92.91591 46.77879 8.46E-18 4.026727
1 GROUPS

WITHIN GROUPS 164.8615 83 1.986283

0

SUMMARY


9 COUNT 22 22 21 22

8 SUM 13 192 187 190

AVERAGE 0.590909 8.727273 8.904762 8.636364
7
VARIANCE 6.253247 5.350649 2.190476 11.29004
6
5 Series1
4 ANOVA

3 VARIANCE

2 BETWEEN 1096.038 03 365.3461 57.80548 2.84E-20 4.026727
GROUPS
1 WITHIN GROUPS 524.5823 83 6.320268

0

This “Stuff”
Works!
Implications
&
What‟s Next

Costs Associated
With Intervention
Curriculum
Training

ABPsi Psych Discourse
Mar-Apr 2011
http:/pd-online.abpsi.org/

• Culture-Based Prevention
Programming for African
• American Youth:
• Winners and the Community
• Prevention Program of
• Avalon Carver Community
• Center

• By Darnell Bell, Avalon, Carver
Community Center, Los Angeles
• Michelle Anderson, Wake Forest
University
• Cheryl Grills, Loyola Marymount
University

Workshop 2G –
Winners Sanfoka Project:
The Culture-Based Intervention of Avalon Carver Community Center
Darnell Bell -

24th Annual NPN Research Conference
Atlanta, Georgia
September 20 - 23, 2011

Contact Information:

Darnell Bell
For Square Pegs Only
1565 E. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd.
Los Angeles, CA. 90011
Kofikyini@sbcglobal.net
(323) 234-2350

Appendices
• Details on Program Models

Culturally-Specific Curricula:
A Sampling
• Winners
• SETCLAE
• Who Am I?
• Kwanzaa
• Growing Up Black & Proud
• Images
• The Vision Quest
• Encuentros: Hombres A
Hombres
• La Cultura
• La Familia
• La Communicacion

Sample Culturally-Specific
Models & Programs
• Hawk Program – Wade Nobles
• Simba Wachanga Program – Jawanza Kunjufu
• SETCLAE Program – Jawanza Kunjufu
• Winners Program – Darnell Bell
• Nguzo Saba – Ron Karenga
• Adolescent Rites of Passage Program – Nsenga
Warfield-Copper
• Seven Point Program – Marcus Garvey
• Rites of Passage Program – Nathan/Julia Hare
• Personal Literacy Program – Anita DeFrantz
• 42 Principles of MA‟AT

African-Centered Prevention Framework
Dr. Wade Nobles
• Consciousness
• Character
• Conduct
• Collectivity
• Competence
• Caring
• Creed

Simba Wachanga Program
Dr. Jawanza Kunjufu
• We must recognize that the
majority of black youth have not
been educated.
• The development of an African
frame of reference.
• The recognition that the first and
primary educator of black children
are parents.
• The establishment of home
programs.
• The development of self-discipline
motivated by a consistent,
complimentary, and assertive role
model.
• The encouragement of thinking
skills and relational applications to
maintain children‟s curiosity and
enthusiasm to learn.

The Nguzo Saba
Dr. Ron Karenga
• Umoja – Unity
• Kujichagulia – Self-
Determination
• Ujima – Collective Work
& Responsibility
• Ujamaa – Cooperative
Economics
• Nia – Purpose
• Kuumba – Creativity
• Imani - Faith

Seven Point Program
Marcus Garvey
• Awakening and Uniting All
Africans
• Changing the Thinking of the
Aroused to Potential
• Channeling Emotional Energies
Towards Constructive Racial
Interests
• Mass Sacrificial Work
• Thorough Education in Science
and Industry and Character
Building and Stress Mass
Education
• Prepare Nationalist to Run
Nations
• Keep the Young Nations Together
After They Are Formed

Bringing the Black Boy to Manhood: Rites of
Passage Program
Drs. Nathan/Julia Hare
• The Log
• Awareness and
Understanding of Self
• Understanding of
Immediate and Extended
Family
• Service to Community
and Neighborhood
• Adoption of a Senior
Citizen
• Higher Education
• Discipline and
Responsibility

Personal Literacy
Dr. Anita DeFrantz
• Truth: “Not to know is bad, not to
wish is worse.”
• Justice: “To thine own self be true.
Copying everybody all the time,
the monkey cut his throat”.
• Righteousness: If you live a good
life, you enjoy its sweetness”
(goodness pays)
• Harmony: “A wise man who knows
proverbs reconciles differences”.
• Balance: “Nothing is more painful
than disgrace”
• Propriety: “If someone tells you to
lead a good life, that is not abuse”.
• Order: “Whoever works without
knowledge, works uselessly”.

SETCLAE
Jawanza Kunjufu/Folami Prescott
• Self-Esteem Through Culture
Leads to Academic Excellence
• Peer Pressure
• Advertising Images
• Values
• History
• Culture
• Choosing Careers
• Black English/Standard English
• Public Speaking
• Peer Pressure
• Male/Female Rites of Passage
• Sex Education
• Drug Education
• The Media

Afrocentric Theory & Applications:
Adolescent Rites of Passage
Dr. Nsenga Warfield-Copper
• Deprogramming, reeducation
and training, including
manhood and womanhood
training; sex and family life
education; fitness, health,
hygiene, and nutrition; history
and cultural rituals; educational
reinforcement of basics;
financial management; and
spiritual enrichment.
• Intergenerational involvement
and a council of elders to draw
upon the experiences and
advice of the other
generations.

42 Principles of MA‟AT
• Written at least 2,000
years before the Ten
Commandments of
Moses, the 42 Principles
of Ma‟at are one of
Africa‟s oldest sources of
moral and spiritual
instruction. These
principles can be used
today as a practical guide
to moral and spiritual
excellence and to uplift
our community.

42 Principles of MA‟AT
• I have not committed sin.
• I have not committed robbery with violence.
• I have not stolen.
• I have not slain men and women.
• I have not stolen grain.
• I have not purloined offerings.
• I have not stolen the property of the god.
• I have not uttered lies.
• I have not carried away food.
• I have not uttered curses.
• I have not committed adultery.
• I have not lain with men.
• I have made none to weep.
• I have not eaten the heart [i.e I have not grieved uselessly, or felt remorse].
• I have not attacked any man.
• I am not a man of deceit.
• I have not stolen cultivated land.
• I have not been an eavesdropper.
• I have slandered [no man].
• I have not been angry without just cause(?).
• I have not debauched the wife of any man.
• I have not polluted myself.
• I have terrorised none.
• I have not transgressed [the Law].
• I have not been wroth.
• I have not shut my ears to the words of truth.
• I have not blasphemed.
• I am not a man of violence.
• I am not a stirrer up of strife (or a disturber of the peace).
• I have not acted (or judged) with undue haste.
• I have not pried into matters.
• I have not multiplied my words in speaking.
• I have wronged none, I have done no evil.
• I have not worked witchcraft against the King (or blasphemed against the
King).
• I have never stopped [the flow of] water.
• I have never raised my voice (spoken arrogantly, or in anger?).
• I have not cursed (or blasphemed) God.
• I have not acted with arrogance(?).
• I have not stolen the bread of the gods.
• I have not carried away the khenfu cakes from the Spirits of the dead.
• I have not snatched away the bread of the child, nor treated with contempt
the god of my city.
• I have not slain the cattle belonging to the god.

The Winners‟ Sankofa Project:
Culture-Based Prevention
Programming for African-American
Youth
Darnell Bell
1565 E. Martin L. King Jr. Blvd.
Los Angeles, CA. 90011
(323) 234-2350
kofikyini@sbcglobal.net

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