1. Food
Security in
Africa
Advocacy Case study:
Women’s access to
land
Participants:
Catherine Kamau,
Ingrid Kragl
Blerim Mustafa and
Cécile Rivière
“Imagine you are engaged to use advocacy techniques to create more momentum for initiatives
to improve food security in Africa. Create a plan with a three year window to build momentum for
food security initiatives in Africa. The plan should define focus, targets, strategies and tactics to
achieve results.”
Executive Certificate- Advocacy in International Affairs
Submission date: 10.06.2012
1

2. Contents
1.0 Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................3
2.0 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................4
3.0 Context and desired outcome ..................................................................................................................5
3.1 Re-definition of the challenge ...........................................................................................................5
3.2 Gender and access to land ................................................................................................................5
3.3 Mali ...................................................................................................................................................6
4.0 Advocacy Logic Model .............................................................................................................................6
4.1 Actors in the Food Security issue ......................................................................................................7
4.2 Stakeholders and partners ................................................................................................................8
4.3 Target audiences ........................................................................................................................... 11
4.4 Message Framing .......................................................................................................................... 12
4.5 Communication Strategy ............................................................................................................... 12
4.6 Storytelling ..................................................................................................................................... 13
4.7 Key Performance Indicators, Monitoring and Evaluation and Activity Calendar .......................... 13
4.8 Budget............................................................................................................................................ 16
5.0 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................ 16
6.0 Annexes ................................................................................................................................................ 17
International Land Coalition - Organization Chart .................................................................................... 17
Map of Mali ............................................................................................................................................... 18
Proposed Republic of Azawad ................................................................................................................... 18
SWOT Table ............................................................................................................................................... 19
Legal Framework of Mali ........................................................................................................................... 20
Problem Tree.............................................................................................................................................. 21
Stakeholder Mapping ................................................................................................................................ 22
Advocacy Logic Model ............................................................................................................................... 23
Communication Strategy ........................................................................................................................... 24
Story of Hadeye, a Malian Woman............................................................................................................ 25
Opinion Tracking and Media Analyses ...................................................................................................... 26
Media Platforms ........................................................................................................................................ 26
Media Measurement ................................................................................................................................. 27
Social Media KPIs ....................................................................................................................................... 28
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................... 29
Interviews and Meetings ........................................................................................................................... 32
Research in videos ..................................................................................................................................... 34
Research on Media Coverage of Food Insecurity issues ............................................................................ 35
2

3. 1.0 Executive Summary
This paper highlights the advocacy techniques we would like to use for our advocacy challenge. Our
challenge focus is on “raising awareness regarding women’s access to land”.
We have decided to represent the International Land Coalition, a global alliance of various
organizations working together to promote secure and equitable access to land for both poor men and
women through advocacy.
Mali was chosen as a pilot-country, but following the Tourag rebellion and their subsequent proposal
to declare the Northern part as the Republic of Azawad, our main focus area is the Southern part that is still
referred to as Mali.
We have used the advocacy logic model, where we have highlighted the following;
• Context
• Target Audiences and Influencer Mapping
• Opinion Tracking and Media Analysis
• Strategy and Objectives
• Messaging and Stories Development
• Advocacy Campaign
• Outcome Evaluation and Control
• KPI’s
• Outcome
Mali has adopted the African Union Maputo Protocol of 2003, which enables women access to land,
including ownership rights.
Our challenge highlights that local customs and traditions are the main obstacles for women to
reduce the illiteracy rates and claim their land rights, as well as receive acknowledgement from the local
communities as equally contributing partners to agriculture, as men are.
Communities on the ground, the Government, economic players, infrastructural Development
Partners / players, international organizations, NGOs and civil society remain the most important actors.
USAID, the United Nations, regional and local partners are our main potential partners for this
campaign. This comes as a result of ILC’s widespread partner network which spans all continents.
Several champions and celebrities have been highlighted in our case study and all of them have a
direct link, in terms of ethnicity and nationality to Mali.
Our communication objectives are three-fold: to foster recognition of women as farmers’ not just
workers; secondly, to sensitize local authorities on the benefits of empowering women; and third, to raise
awareness on women and their communities on their rights.
The communication strategy will be a participative approach since our work will be based on the
ground. Our communication tools will be workshops, lobbying, micro workshops and public dialogue.
Our campaign will span a three-year period and for this, a detailed calendar of activities as well as a
budget overview has been drafted. The Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) related to the desired outcomes
for our proposed three year plan have also been defined and explained.
3

4. 2.0 Introduction
This paper forms the final component necessary for completion of the Executive Certificate in
‘Advocacy in International Affairs’. It will seek to outline a proposal for an advocacy campaign on addressing
a global challenge in food security in Africa. It is the result of a group work.
The concept of “food security” is a flexible one and has progressively gained momentum in the
international arena since it originated in the mid-1970s1. Food security was defined in the 1974 World Food
Summit as: “availability at all times of adequate world food supplies of basic foodstuffs to sustain a steady
expansion of food consumption and to offset fluctuations in production and prices”2. The definition used in
this paper is the definition adopted by the 1996 World Food Summit which encompasses three main
elements:
• Food availability: food must be available in sufficient quantities and on a consistent basis. It
considers stock and production in a given area and the capacity to bring in food from elsewhere,
through trade or aid;
• Food access: people must be able to regularly acquire adequate quantities of food, through
purchase, home production, barter, gifts, borrowing or food aid;
• Food utilization: Consumed food must have a positive nutritional impact on people. It entails
cooking, storage and hygiene practices, individuals’ health, water and sanitation, feeding and sharing
practices within the household3.
The 1996 World Food Summit was a turning point in the way the food issue was addressed by the
international community and lead to various initiatives4. This issue is addressed by various international
organisations5 as well as NGOs, governments and, lately, by private actors. Food security globally is an issue
that is raising a lot of global concern but in Africa, it is even more a challenge due to other structural
challenges.
Actors at stake in Africa often use advocacy techniques to draw attention and raise awareness. As
well as “food security”, “advocacy” is a flexible word. It can be defined as “the act of arguing on behalf of a
particular issue, institution, idea or person”6. And it is “an on-going process aimed at change of attitudes,
actions, policies and laws by influencing people and organisation with power, systems and structures at
different levels for a betterment of people affected by the issue”7. Advocacy is then both a process and an
outcome. That is why we shall use advocacy techniques to ensure that our challenge becomes successful,
and that our outcome is achieved.
The first part of this essay will present the context in which the campaign would take place and the
desired outcome. The second part will describe the techniques used to reach that goal.
1
- http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4671e/y4671e06.htm (accessed on 06.05.2012)
2
Idem
3
Idem
4
Examples available on the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food website:
http://www.srfood.org/index.php/en/right-to-food (accessed on 06.05.2012)
5
Here we refer especially to the World Food Programme, the Food and Agriculture Organization, the United Nations
Development Programme and the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food.
6
Christian D. de Fouloy, Fouloy’s Explanatory Lobbying Dictionary (Vilnius: AALEP Publishing Division, 2011)
7
Idem
4

5. 3.0 Context and desired outcome
3.1 Re-definition of the challenge
The food security concept is not only a flexible one; it is also a complex and tangled one. The first
task of our group was then to refine the assessment. After a first set of readings we identified the role played
by the women as one possible link between the three aspects of food security (i.e. availability, access and
utilization). Further research was needed before we could decide to focus on the women’s access to land8
and on Mali as the pilot country. This arose from our understanding that part of the food security challenge
in Africa can be attributed to land ownership, land access and access to agricultural inputs. These aspects are
compounded by the gender imbalance existing in land access matters in Africa. We have chosen to position
our efforts to fight food security from the point of advocating for recognition of the role of women in food
production in Africa and most of the developing world. Having thus agreed on these principles it became
difficult to imagine the function of the World Economic Forum in this scheme, as it was first suggested, and it
was determined that we approach the challenge from another point of view. We decided upon the
International Land Coalition (ILC).
ILC is a global alliance of civil society and intergovernmental organisations working together to
promote secure and equitable access to, and control over, land for poor women and men through advocacy,
dialogue, knowledge sharing and capacity building9. As ILC is an alliance of civil society, it leverages on
working with non-governmental organisations already based in countries of interest. This works well
because the NGOs on the ground already have an understanding of the dynamics of the communities within
which they are domiciled; the communities know and trust them. ILC is not only comprised of local NGOs but
also global players such as Oxfam, the World Bank, the World Food Programme and the FAO10 which provide
the organisation with legitimacy and enough financial strength to face new prospects. ILC works in many
African countries, but is seemingly better rooted in Eastern and Southern Africa than in Sub-Saharan Africa.
By choosing to work in the Sahel region, this study would not be seen as a plagiarism.
3.2 Gender and access to land
Land policy and administration projects can contribute inadvertently not only to gender inequality
but also to more general social inequality11. Although the international community has increasingly
recognized the importance of women’s rights, the gender aspect of this issue has only been recently
introduced in the public area. It is still difficult to have this dimension taken into account although the non-
inclusion of women is part of the development programs' general failure12.
In Africa in 2008, 63% of female workers relative to 48% of male workers depended on agriculture-
based livelihood13. Studies have shown that there is a lot of ‘inequality between men and women in control
over land use in many African countries’14. Indeed, women have less control of land in sub-Saharan Africa
8
See problem tree attached (appendix section)
9
See ILC website: http://www.landcoalition.org/fr/about-us/qui-sommes-nous (accessed 06.05.2012)
10
For a comprehensive view of ILC’s members, see: http://www.landcoalition.org/fr/members/list (accessed
06.05.2012)
11
ILC, IFAD, Gender in Agriculture Sourcebook (Rome: 2009)
12
This conclusion can be drawn from many reports and has been confirmed by Christine Verschuur, Senior lecturer at
The Graduate Institute, Director of Pôle genre et développement, during her interview on 03.04.2012
13
Bina Agarwal, Food Crises and Gender Inequality, DESA Working Paper n°107, June 2011.
14
African Human Development Report, United Nations Development Programme, Regional Bureau for Africa, 2012. Pg.
14
5

6. more than anywhere else15, yet they play a major role in agriculture and food production activities. In Mali
for example, women only own 3.1% of the land16. This situation is the result of different factors. In sub-
Saharan Africa there are three overlapping systems: customary, religious and statutory law. Women's
responsibilities and rights to land change over their lifetime as determined by their marital status17. This
region is also undergoing transformations in land tenure system with the establishment of local government
structures (decentralization), climate change threat and growing population18. Another important factor in
changing land rights is the commodification of land as it acquires a market value.
3.3 Mali
We would like to create awareness on the role of women in the food security arena and in
particular, we choose to focus on countries with fewer initiatives already in place. Our first campaign will be
based on a single country, before we can evaluate the potential to replicate the same initiatives, should they
prove successful. Our focus country will be Mali, for a variety of reasons. We did an internal SWOT-analysis
and decided that Mali would be the appropriate country19.
75% of Mali’s labour force works in the agriculture sector and this activity represents 44% of the
country’s GDP20. From a policy position, Mali ratified the Basic Human Rights Charter and the African Union
Maputo Protocol of 2003, where the economic and social rights of women (and others) were recognised, as
was the right to food security and sustainable development. In 2006, Mali adopted its Agricultural Policy Act,
which set out policy guidelines for agricultural development in Mali. This Act has a strong stance on gender
equity, on food sovereignty and support for small scale family farming. But despite the participatory and
consultative way in which the law was formulated, studies found that the majority of the communities are
not aware of its existence21. In addition to this, the process to formally register claims over land is complex,
long and costly. This gender imbalance is reinforced, in the Malian case, by the last update of the Malian
Family bill passed at the end of 2011 and which undermines women’s rights.
Mali used to be praised for its political stability but what was a local Tuareg rebellion spread to the
Northern part of the country in January 2012 and led to a military coup in Bamako last March 27th2012. It
was followed by the effective splitting of the country by rebel forces in the north. On April 6th 2012, the
Tuaregs declared independence and formed the Azawad Republic22. As we had already highlighted at an
early stage in our SWOT-analysis, the potential difficulties of choosing Mali, we found it applicable and
justifiable to re-focus our target area to develop our advocacy campaign on the southern part of Mali. One of
the main justifications being that arable land is concentrated in that region.
4.0 Advocacy Logic Model
When we considered the challenge, we concluded that within the advocacy cycle, the bigger issue of
food security or insecurity for that matter, is at the acceptance and activation stage, where the issue is
15
Idem
16
http://www.fao.org/economic/es-policybriefs/multimedia0/female-land-ownership/en/ (accessed 06.05.2012)
17
Marie Monimart and Su Fei Tan, Gender and access to land and natural resources in Mali and Niger, IIED, London.
18
Idem
19
See SWOT Table under Annexes, page 20
20
UNDP Mali, Rapport national sur le développement humain durable, 2010.
21
Marie Monimart and Su Fei Tan, Gender and access to land and natural resources in Mali and Niger, IIED, London.
22
BBC 2012. “Mali Tuareg rebels declare independence in the north”. 06.04.2012. Online. URL:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17635437 (Accessed on 04.06.2012)
6

7. acknowledged; there is information on it and in some cases, initiatives have already began to be
implemented. However, we also recognised that the gender element is really at the awareness creation
stage. There is research to prove that it is known, but for whatever reason, it has not been pushed much as a
potential avenue to address the food insecurity challenge. As such most of our campaign will be projected
from an introduction and informational perspective. Within the regulatory cycle, gender and food security
can be considered to be in the agenda setting stage.
The theme of our campaign is ‘ENABLING WOMEN ACCESS TO LAND’ in Mali. We considered the
elements of gender and the facts that have been researched upon and tabled that show that while women in
Africa till the most and are responsible for more than 78% of the food produced, only 3% of the land they
work on belongs to them. This is largely due to cultural practises.
4.1 Actors in the Food Security issue
The actors within the land and food security arena can be largely grouped into:
• Communities on the ground
• The government
• Economic players
• Supply Chain actors
• Infrastructural Development Partners / players
• International organizations
• NGOs and Civil Society23
The intended outcome will have key performance indicators which will be based on the two impacts
we have identified i.e.
1. Increasing food accessibility
a. Increase in food types available
b. Improved proximity of food stuff to the various communities and villages
2. Raising awareness to women’s rights
a. Increase in land ownership statistics
b. Increase in legislation changes, both type of legislation [soft, binding etc] and number of
changes
c. Number of summits addressing the issue [agenda setting indicator]
Our advocacy plan will run for 3 years, with 2 years being spent on the ‘Awareness’ and ‘Acknowledgement’
creation, and the third year, hopefully to get to the ‘Acceptance’ stage.
23
An illustration of the actors is on page 7
7

8. Infrastructural
Development
Players e.g.
World Bank
NGOs and Civil International
Society Organizations
Land
ownership
and access
Government for increased Supply Chain
Actors
food security
Regional
Communities
Economic
on the ground
Players
Illustration 1: Actors in the Gender and Land Access challenge
4.2 Stakeholders and partners
International Land Coalition, being a member-based organisation, has the critical mass through its
relationships, network linkages and other capacities required to expand its influence beyond individual
members and to constructively engage policy and decision-makers. Its actively engaged and balanced
membership, operating at global levels and / or through regional platforms, includes well-known
organizations and institutions among them: FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
Oxfam International, IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development), IFPRI (International Food Policy
Research Institute), Secours Populaire Français, World Bank, WFP (World Food Programme).
At the international level, recent developments have created opportunities to further push the
agenda for securing land rights for poor people, particularly rural women24. Facilitating effective multi-
stakeholder engagement on land issues is one of the Coalition’s major strengths. For the next three years,
ILC will run targeted consultations and engagements with governments as well as bilateral and multilateral
organizations to advocate and influence global development priorities, while raising more resources
dedicated to improving access to land for rural women.
Partners in Europe
The European institutions are just entering into a new cycle of budget planning and negotiations
known as the Multi-annual Financial Framework (MFF). All aspects of the European Union (EU) budget,
including external action and aid, are negotiated during this process that will lock-in the EU main policy
priorities from 2014 for at least 5 years. By the end of 2013, an agreement should be reached regarding the
suggested aid amount of € 96,249.4 million. As decisions are mainly in the hands of Member States, ILC is
already engaged in the process of advocacy at both EU and national level and:
• targets governments, parliaments and their Members of European Parliament
• disseminates background papers and positions, and lobbying papers
• collaborates with strategic civil society partners on joint lobbying and media work
• publishes articles on the MFF in national NGOs newsletters and voluntary sector press
• lobbies decision-makers with position papers
24
See the recent World Economic Forum on Africa 2012
8

9. • meets with Ministries of Finances and / or Development, parliamentarians, etc.
• organizes seminars for NGOs, other actors and decision-makers
It should be said that the European Commission is facing considerable political pressure to respond
to the European economic crisis rather than focussing on external objectives. ILC counts several member
states among its strategic partners; which are already providing substantial long-term financial support to
the core activities of the ILC. We intend to keep them engaged and on board during the MFF negotiation
phase.
Partnering with the United Nations
IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development) is a member of ILC. Over the years, the Fund
has worked in partnership with various United Nations-affiliated organisations, international financial
institutions (IFIs), specialized NGOs and civil society organizations in order to undertake joint initiatives for
advocacy, learning and capacity-building related to gender issues in agricultural and rural development.
Partners in regional platforms
The Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) is an African-owned and
led initiative with the aim of enhancing the capacity of African institutions, civil society and private sector to
comprehensively analyze and plan strategies and operational plans for food security. Major issues that came
out from the 8th Partnership Platform Meeting of the CAADP held in May 2012 in Nairobi included the need
to focus on smallholder family farmers, especially women. The CAADP’s work has been recognized by the
G20 Ministers of Agriculture. This year’s G8 meeting will have agriculture, food and nutrition security as one
of the focus areas and therefore will offer another opportunity to showcase the work of CAADP. The 9th
CAADP Partnership Platform Meeting will take place in March 2013 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and ILC
members will be there of course to advocate for its cause.
Partnering with USAID
In May 2012 at Camp David, US President Obama announced a multi-billion dollar initiative in Africa
called the ‘New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition’. “What makes this remarkable is that this is
probably the first time at a G8 Summit where, in addition to having the leaders involved, we also have
leaders of NGOs and business leaders involved.” Forty five companies have already pledged more than US$3
billion to kick off this effort. When commenting on the initiative to lift 50 million people out of poverty and
hunger over the next ten years through farming partnerships, USAID administrator Dr. Rajiv Shah insisted
that for the African countries to access this aid, “they must seriously reform access to land tenure for small
scale farmers so that women farmers can have title to their land”.25 ILC of course welcomes this strong signal
to our targeted decision-makers.
Local partners
Notably, Civil Society Organizations are crucial in identifying and exploiting windows of opportunity
opened by institutions, but that are not immediately visible to communities. This is done by facilitating
25
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPkLrMSIjf0 (at minute 4:50)
9

10. interaction between community and religious leaders, farmers associations and participation by rural
women.
CSOs can also play an important role in highlighting to media organisations, problems faced by
communities as well as successful stories. For instance the Coprokazan cooperative (a 3 hour drive, South
Bamako)26 involves 35 villages and 1000 women who benefit from the revenue generated by the shea butter
production.
Close collaboration with both local and international media can have a strong impact, especially
when addressing government. To increase this impact, ILC local partners will identify champions able to
influence the local male leaders.
Champions and celebrities
As part of local partnerships, we propose to identify local celebrities who can act as our advocates in
the issue of gender and land. In particular, we hope to partner with:
• Oumou Sangaré, who is a Goodwill Ambassador for the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
She is a singer and musician who has been brought up by a single mother and thus understands
first-hand the importance of empowering women.
• Salif Keita, a direct descendant of Malian empire founder, Sundiata Keita. By virtue of his age, Salif
may be a good ambassador to reach the older generation.
• Frederic Kanoute, a popular football player who plays for FC Sevilla and has a foundation which
focuses on ‘tackling poverty through jobs and opportunities’27. The foundation works through local
partners.
• Seydou Keita, Malian football player currently playing for FC Barcelona. By involving Seydou, we
could leverage on FC Barcelona’s reputation, which would be an efficient way to reach out to the
younger generation.
We also want to identify local champions – male and female – who will spread our message to their
communities. The partnership with the identified champions and celebrities would result in increased media
attention for our cause, potential interest from financial donors, and potential partnerships with other actors
in the food security field.
Public private partnerships
Here are some examples of public private partnerships that ILC leverages on:
• The eudevdays.eu are a yearly forum initiated by Klaus Rudischhauser, Director of the European
Commission DG Development and Cooperation, EuropeAid, to discuss innovative models and new
approaches to private-public collaboration, in particular in the fields of agriculture, food security and
the rural women specific needs. ILC will take part to the very selective debates and intend to put our
cause forward on the stakeholders’ agenda.
• The Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) is an Africa based organization working in
partnership with governments, agricultural research organizations, farmers, private sector, civil
society and other rural development stakeholders to significantly and sustainably improve the
26
http://www.coprokazan.org/
27
http://www.kanoutefoundation.com/about_ho.ks (visited 06 June 2012)
10

11. productivity and incomes of resource poor farmers in Africa The next African Green Revolution
Forum 2012 will be held in September 2012 in Arusha, Tanzania. ILC will attend these high-level
panels and explore the opportunities to start a discussion with private stakeholders about innovative
financing.
• ILC will keep on partnering with Dimitra28, a FAO information and communication project that
widely shares information and experiences, using both modern and traditional communication
methods and tools, rural radio in particular.
• ILC also intends to accept the African Farm Radio Research Initiative (AFRRI)29 as a new member and
work in close collaboration with this action research project undertaken by Farm Radio International
and funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The major aim of the project is to design and
implement a participatory, multi-stakeholder action research program to discover, document and
disseminate best practices for using radio-based communications to enhance food security in Africa.
Drawing on elements of adult learning and the theory of participatory communication for
development, it builds a coherent, multi-month series of programs which feature farmers’ voices
throughout, follow a dramatic progression, and use the best features of radio and related ICTs to
engage farmers. PRCs are focused on a single farmer-selected “improvement” - in our case: women
access to land - that can help farmers achieve their food security goals.
• But in most cases, women do not own a radio set. As a result, they cannot have access to
appropriate information, nor make better choices that benefit their families and their communities.
ILC members have already approached private and logistics partners in order to launch a big public
campaign to invite the developed countries to take part in their cause in an original way. For
example: the “Put an end hunger in Africa with a solar radio” program, where negotiations have
begun with Amazon.com which appears to be the perfect partner, not only to sell the radios but also
deliver them. Although a key aim of the project is to strengthen the position of women within their
community, the initiative targets the entire community. Focusing exclusively on women
development actors could create tensions with the men of the villages. When supplying the villages
with radio receivers, one-third of them will be offered to men, so that they would be fully involved in
the project.
4.3 Target audiences
The larger target audience is the farmers and local communities so that they understand the
dynamics of living with, and empowering, women. The underlying theme is that empowered women are
better equipped to look after their immediate family and by extension, the larger community. Empowered
women are able to work and produce enough food to feed their families, and whatever surplus they have,
they can use for barter or monetary trade. However, to consistently and sustainably do this, they need to
have access to land and other agricultural inputs. Engagement with this audience will enable us to establish a
position and to understand the actual facts on the ground.
The second level target audience are the cultural and / or religious leaders, who influence and
maintain the status-quo within the communities. If they are enlightened about the positive implications of
women’s access to land, then they can begin to encourage the process from the grassroots. One of the
primary benefits of this engagement will be the potential for improving the campaign’s impact and outputs.
28
http://www.fao.org/dimitra/about-dimitra/en/
29
http://www.farmradio.org/english/partners/afrri/
11

12. This will also help us in identifying potential campaign champions who will further our cause locally, in a long
term sustainable manner.
The third level will involve engaging with the government and policy makers to enact or at least
implement laws that facilitate ease of access to land and agricultural inputs in general, to women. Already in
place, is the framework outlined in the Agricultural Policy Act, which may be used as the baseline and our
campaign would seek to encourage implementation of gender-sensitive policies where land access and
acquisition are concerned30.
Legal officers / Govt
officials
Cultural / Religious
leaders
Farmers and local
communities
Illustration 2: Target audiences
4.4 Message Framing
As we consider the messaging and storytelling, it is fundamentally critical to identify clearly and
correctly the senders, receivers and multipliers in the process. The senders in our case will be we, ILC, using
the local non-governmental organization (NGO) networks. Use of these partnerships will help reduce the
learning curve necessary to understand the local communities. We shall also be capitalising on the goodwill
and trust already established between the local NGOs and the communities.
The receivers of the messages will be all our target audiences as the messages will clearly articulate
the issue as we understand it, as well as the call to action that we desire. The multipliers are the people who
take the message beyond themselves and encourage dissemination of the information they receive. In our
case, we anticipate and expect the multipliers to be the women themselves, as well as community and
religious leaders.
4.5 Communication Strategy
On average the literacy rate of the Malian adult population is 22% (8.8%) for women31. Because of
these low literacy levels coupled with low levels of communication infrastructure in Mali, we shall be use
three media for communication. The first and probably the best for gauging and evaluation initial responses
to our campaigns will be workshops. These will be held and run by our partner NGOs who have local trust
and acceptance. The second medium will be radios as our primary broadcast tool, and third, the use of
graphic illustrations of our messages through posters that can be put up in various communally available and
accessible sites e.g. outside the chief’s office, at the market place, perhaps even on vehicles that regularly ply
the community / village routes.32
30
An illustration of the target audiences is on page 11.
31
According to the UNDP country report 2012
32
Illustration of the communication strategy under annexes – pg 21
12

13. These graphics would be informative giving a sequence from a point of little or no knowledge to a
point of empowerment. We anticipate developing material that can be put up as well as easily portable for
the multiplier effect.
Due to challenges of multiple ethnic languages, our messages and stories will be simple enough to
allow translation across the different languages. However, we have also found out that French is a dominant
common language which we can utilise in the initial phase of information dissemination, but again
dependent on feedback from our local NGO partners.
While social media is not an option for the campaign on the ground, for our actors / partners in the
West, we hope to engage the social media as an avenue for creating awareness and encouraging
acknowledgement.
4.6 Storytelling
We would like to use storytelling techniques to raise awareness regarding our cause. Our opening
theme is the neglected awareness of women regarding their entitled land rights. The message is related to
the fact that local communities and customs are accountable for the on-going situation. The proof point for
this is the illiteracy rate, which does not allow the women to be able to understand and claim their rights to
own land. It is a right they are not even aware of because they are simply not informed.
Our story33 will enable us to create an emotional and rational link to our campaign, which will result
in increased awareness, acknowledgement and interest from our partners, and recognition for our work on
the ground. In this context, the story will be translated to the different languages so that the local
communities. – men and women -, justice and religious leaders understand that the more empowered
women are, the better they manage to take care of the family and the community It encapsulates the facts
we have identified as being keys to a behaviour change, and it tells in a powerful way, the reality our
members and partners are facing on the ground.
Because Mali has an oral tradition, we expect this story to be widely shared. It will also anticipate
that it will be told on the rural radio repeatedly. Indeed half of the listeners adopt a new practice when they
feel they have learnt something and when a good story speaks to them, as Farm Radio studies within Mali
show34. The story will be used by our celebrities/champions to convey our campaign message.
Furthermore this story suggests that we can all be part of the solution that will work out well, if only
we are allowed to do so.
4.7 Key Performance Indicators, Monitoring and Evaluation and Activity Calendar
In order to properly monitor an advocacy campaign, key performance indicators (KPIs) should be
defined while planning the overall campaign outcomes and strategy. However this is a challenge when the
campaign aims at changing behaviour. In this case, the qualitative KPIs are sometimes only measurable long
after the end of the campaign otherwise it becomes be difficult to distinguish between the changes due to
the campaign and those due to other structural factors. In addition to this, it may also be difficult to assess
the impact of such a campaign on our main target audience (i.e. rural women) due to the low rate of literacy.
Ideally, this campaign should reflect ILC leadership style (i.e. participative approach) and the KPIs
should therefore be developed with stakeholder participation in mind. However, we defined indicators
fitting with our desired outcomes. We also developed an activity calendar to guide our interactions. (See
table below).We will carry out monitoring and evaluation from the very beginning of the campaign and
during the whole process. All the stakeholders will be engaged in the process without any exception.
33
The story of Hadeye, a Malian woman is found in the annexes, pg 25
34
Agricultural Radio that Works, Farm Radio International (2011)
13

14. For this crucial part of evaluation, we will rely on one of our members’ rigorous model. Indeed
Oxfam's “Theory of change” has proved to be very efficient. We will use their global performance
framework, their process tracing protocol and systematically assess and document what is done under the
project / campaign to achieve our desired outcomes. With advocacy logs, we will make a list of all the people
we meet; this note helps to track which audiences are key to bringing about change.
Because we will be trying to influence behavior change, there is lot to be done while the activities
are running. We want to make sure our actions do have an impact on communal and individual behaviors.
Evidence-based decision making is vital to re-adapting our strategy at different levels, if necessary.
In addition, because we will have measured the media coverage regarding our campaign’s main
theme, we will be able to say that the sentiment is aligned to the message we are sending (or not); (see
appendix regarding the media coverage). Media monitoring tools such as Factiva™, Meltwater™ and
Google™ will be used to track the media trends such as women’s human rights, land ownership and the
Malian food security issue. Funding has already been secured from our donors for this part of the process.
Taking into consideration that our challenge will start at awareness creation stage, and then enter
the acknowledgement phase, we would like develop yearly media monitoring reports during our awareness
creation campaign, since our work will mainly be on the ground. When we enter the acknowledgement /
acceptance stage, we will start with monthly reports to assess the trends, and whether our work has been
noted / publicized by the media. Moreover, this will enable us to map out the most prominent journalist(s),
and media outlets showing a profound interest in our cause. Finally, media monitoring will also enable us to
identify our foes, since we could track whether local community leaders have officially stated their opinion
for or against our advocacy campaign and final outcome (see appendix Advocacy Cycle Presentation for
more insights).
We will capitalize on that sentiment and reinforce it in the local media (not only radio, but all
possible). We have defined several goals targeting the media at some critical stages, like Mali Universal
Periodic Review at the United Nations level, the MFF at the European level, the implementation at the
ground level and of course successful stories to be shared. We have also developed an activity calendar to
guide our interactions. (See table below).
Illustration 3: Food Security Campaign – Activity Calendar – 2012 to 2015
Sept.2012 Sept.2013 Sept.2014 Sept.2015
Actions planned Actions planned Actions planned
1.Field analysis 1.Radio and TV first broadcast 1.Activation of celebrity
2. Platform building: who are we 2.One meeting per month with 2.Adjustment of the campaign based
working with on the ground? community and women on first feedback from the field
Influencers, connectors,
multipliers
3.Transfer of competencies to local
3.Preparation of material, 3.First workshop in selected region NGO to continue the programme
translation: content for radio and
14

15. TV broadcast (pilot-workshop)/local authorities and
leaders 4.Second wave of radio broadcast
4.First negotiations with potential
PPP partner 4.First distribution of radio sets in 5.Workshops in more communities
selected villages
5.Launch of a posters contest in
Bamako 5.Evaluation of action 1,2 and 3 after 3 6.Completion report
months (which feedback, can we roll-
6.Identify community gathering out, best practices)
and frequency
6.Activity report
7.Lobbying during the Mali
Universal periodic review
Events to take into account: Events to take into account Events to take into account
Rain season: June to October: Rain season Rain season
might be difficult to drive
Harvest season: October to December. Harvest season
Ramadhan - July 2012 Do not organize workshops at that
time Ramadhan
World Food Day, 16 October 2012
/ FAO / Focus on cooperatives. Ramadhan Women’s’ Day (8 March)
Opportunity to foster our coalition
Women’s Day (8 March) World Food Day (16 October)
Mali Universal Periodic Review
(21 Jan- 1 Feb 2013) World Food Day (16 October)
9th CAADP Partnership Platform
Meeting-March 2013
Desired outcomes Year 1: Desired outcome year 2 Desired outcome year 3
1.Material and research concluded 1.Workshop are organised with the 1.Upgrade of program’s content
agreement of local leaders
2.Actual community gathering 2.Support from donors
calendar from grassroots 2.Awareness is raised among pilot
communities about women’s land 3.Women-led cooperative are
3.Met with layer 1 of officials in founded
rights
city and in countryside
4.Development of women-tailored
4.Have met women’s groups at farming programs/farmers union
least 2 times at the end of the year
5.Statements from local leaders
5.MoU with a private partner
KPI for Year 1 KPI for Year 2 KPI for Year 3
1.Number of local NGO endorsing 1.Reach of programme: number of 1.Increase in number of women
our programme workshops conducted and number of attending workshop
women attending workshops
2.Number of meeting organised 2.Increase in number of people
with officials and leaders 2.First measurement of radio aware of women’s land rights in
programme: which % of people are communities targeted
3.Rank or influence of leaders met
aware of the campaign within the pilot
3.Number of women-led cooperative
15

16. 4.Amount of funding received communities created
3.% of people aware of women’s land 4.Number of statements from local
rights in the pilot communities leaders
4.8 Budget
It would require more investigation to be able to define the budget needed for such a campaign and
set of actions. Furthermore, ILC works through platforms where each participant organization funds its own
initiatives. We think that some members would not be able to financially support this initiative but could
participate by providing in-kind resources e.g. providing staff, technical assistance or didactic material for the
workshops. The contribution would then be difficult to assess in terms of money.
ILC has secured its funding for the period 2011-2015 and can rely on strong and stable donors. To be
able to launch this campaign however, it is important that our partners succeed in leveraging enough
resources. This can be difficult for the Malian NGOs already facing great challenges. ILC role would be then to
help these partners to apply for grants as well as building their capacity to respond to tender processes.
Along to the European Development Fund, we identified the FLOW program (Funding Leadership and
Opportunities for Women) launched by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs35 and the Swiss cooperation
Agency. This last one is already in Mali working with local farmer association as well as feminine NGOs.
Another source of funding is to be found within ILC global members. Some of them are running interesting
programs which could also complement local NGO funding: one example is Oxfam’s GROW initiative36.
With regard to media monitoring, the Public Relations department at the ILC European
Headquarters, will do the monitoring since they already have an established relationship with Factiva™ and
Meltwater™. The Google™ service is free of charge.
5.0 Conclusion
Because the food security issue encompasses different aspects and dimensions, it will not be solved
easily. It requires the international community actors to act in synchrony, at a macro and micro level. For this
case study, and subsequent campaign, we have chosen to target one of the most hit and vulnerable group:
women in sub-Saharan Africa. However these women are not only victims as they are often represented. We
strongly believe that they are actors and that their action is part of the solution to tackle the food security
issue in that region. This is why this campaign is gender focused. ILC’s experience shows that there is a
significant overlap and interdependence of women’s empowerment and securing women’s land rights37. We
are convinced that raising awareness among rural women about their rights and enable them to access to
land would help them to assert their claim within the community and will foster their recognition as farmers.
We need farmers to feed Africa, not victims.
35
http://www.minbuza.nl/en/key-topics/development-cooperation/grant-programmes/flow-funding-leadership-and-
opportunities-for-women
36
http://www.oxfam.org/en/grow/what-is-grow
37
PALLAS Sabine, Women's land rights and women's empowerment: one and the same? In Du grain à moudre. Genre,
genre, dévelopement rural et alimentaire. (Dir) C.Verschuur 269-289. Actes des colloques genre et development. Berne:
DDC-Commission nationale suisse pour l'UNESCO: Genève: IHEID.
16

17. 6.0 Annexes
International Land Coalition - Organization Chart
17

18. Map of Mali
Proposed Republic of Azawad
18

19. SWOT Table
STRENGTHS WEAKNESS
• Abundance of arable land - Fertile southern • Low land ownership statistics for women
part of Mali [less than 5%]
• Family farming techniques and • Low literacy rate among rural women
arrangements still working • Food price crisis impact
• HIV infection rate is relatively low • Low technology – may deny them access to
• Good corruption rating38 resources that they could use
• Improvement in water and power • Customs and traditions
infrastructure39
• Seemingly active civil society
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
• Possibility to enhance already existing family • Desertification of land mostly
farming techniques / arrangements • Cost of land
o lobby the government to maintain • Escalation of the internal conflict between
the arrangements as such Bamako and the Tuareg rebels
o lobby the government to improve
land access for family farming to be
extended
• Signed the AU Maputo Protocol of 2003 –
Rights of women, so possibility to enforce
some of the terms therein
• Emergence of Gender approach in
development projects
38
http://www.fao.org/docs/up/easypol/506/snapshot_africa_mali.pdf
39
http://www.akdn.org/mali_economic.asp
19

20. Legal Framework of Mali
Law Content
1992 Constitution Gender equality: Art.2: "All Malians are born and remain free and equal in
rights and duties. Discrimination based on social origin, color, language,
race, sex, religion and political opinion is prohibited. "
Guarantees citizens the right 1992 Constitution to own property: Art. 13:
"The right to property is guaranteed. No one may be expropriated for
public purposes and against prior and just compensation."
Provides for the protection of property
2000 Land Code amended Recognizes state land, land owned by individuals and entities (art.1)
(Ordinance No 00-27/P-RM of March
2000 Pertaining to the State Property and Recognizes use-rights to customary land held by groups and individual
Land Code) group members
In the Land Code, the same land rights are recognized to the men and
women. These may, like men, to appropriate the land through a
40
title . However, in custom, the women's land rights recognized by the
code, are not always applied.
Agricultural Orientation Law (Law No. 06- Agricultural development policy (modernizing family farming, investments)
045 of September 2006) which also includes article on securing land rights - Art. 3 Chapter 2: "the
promotion of women and men living in the agricultural sector in respect of
equity, particularly between rural and urban areas, the right to food
security for all research in the context of food sovereignty."
Art. 8 and 9: The agricultural development policy aims: the promotion of
women, youth and men in rural areas (...)
Pastoral Charter (Law No. 01-004) of 2001 Recognizes pastoralism and the right of pastoralists to move their livestock
(implementation decree in 2006) Requires local authorities, who have primary responsibility for managing
pastoral land, to work with pastoralists, traditional authorities, and farmers
to maintain pastoral tracks and paths
Requires local authorities to create calendars of use of natural resources
Law No. 95-034 ANRM of 12 April 12 1995 Gives local authorities (the Regional Assembly, the Circle Council, and
community councils) responsibility for land administration, land use
planning and development, and organizing rural activities, including agro-
forestry-pastoral production
Convention of the elimination of all forms Article 15 calls for equality between women and men before the law, and
of discrimination against women Article 16 calls for equality between women and men in all matters relating
(CEDAW) to marriage and family relations, including “the same rights for both
Signed 05.02.1985, ratified 10.09.1985 spouses in respect of the ownership, acquisition, management,
administration, enjoyment, and disposition of property.” CEDAW has been
used to achieve landmark victories for women to gain their property and
inheritance rights.
(GOM 1992; GOM 2000, GOM 2001; Konate 2003; FAO country report)
40
http://www.fao.org/gender/landrights/report/en/#bib_country_id=41
20

21. Problem Tree
Legal Framework. Climate change Demographic pressure
Differences between
de jure and de facto
situation.
Allocation of land by
government to foreign
investors
Individualization of Causes
property
Lack of information
about women's rights
Lack of access and
control over land
for women
Difficulty to procure food
for households Reduced access to other
agricultural resources
Defeminization of Women farming is
agriculture in some restricted to low-
countries Effects
productivity agriculture
Increase food insecurity Undermine
women’s
empowerment
21

22. Stakeholder Mapping
Positive Neutral Negative Corrective Action
Governments Maputo protocol, Verify with research position on
Mali agriculture, women and land,
IGOs FAO, WFP, UNDP Verify with research who is most
UNWomen, , UN Special active, and what program they are
Rapporteur running
NGOs AGRA, Oxfam, Save the Identify the ones with programs or
Children, HR Watch, List objectives close to ours
of civil society
Media Farm Radio – already info Explore use of traditional media.
on Mali Identify existing media options then
Mali Weekly – leading zero in
newspaper
All Africa
Influencers and Feminist activist Feminist activist associations
Academics associations, Legal Legal practitioners – to tell us what
practitioners , Universities legislation is in place, what is not,
for research and info what is without enforcement etc
Social media Check social media stats and
influencers demographics for social media
Celebrities Musicians –Kandia Verify thru research whether they
kouyate, Oumou Sangare, are viable champions for our cause.
Salif Keita, Souleymane
Cisse (Film Director)
Peers and We will try to
competitors build real
participative
campaign & avoid
confrontation and
competition with
other NGOs
Other
22

23. Advocacy Logic Model
23

24. Communication Strategy
Communication Objectives & Campaign Positioning
Objective 1 Objective 2 Objective 3
Foster recognition of women as farmers not just Sensitize local authorities on benefits of Raise awareness to women and their
workers empowered women communities on their [women's] rights
Communication Strategy
Also participative approach Also participative approach
Participative approach
Target: local authorities, local judicial officers, Target: mainly women but also the entire
Target: Farmers' Unions and Organizations
religious leaders community
Tools & Activities
Radio & television micro programs
Interactive Workshops 2-pronged: posters & public visual presentations
Public Dialogue Lobbying workshops monitored by local people because of culture
By whom: local partner NGOs, local cooperative societies, women
By whom: Partner NGOs - both local & int'l Interactive Workshops community leaders
24

25. Story of Hadeye, a Malian Woman
The Story:
Hadeye has spent her life obeying her husband Yacouba. She was married
when she was 15 to a man from a very isolated village at the center of Mali.
Yacouba was captured during a Tuareg rebel raid. At the age of 33, she is a
widow facing a hopeless situation that could lead her and her six children to die
from hunger.
Like 90% of the Malian women, Hadeye grew up in a traditional family.
She can't write or read. She has always been told to be obedient and that is
exactly what she did.
Hadeye obeyed when Yacouba decided that their elder daughter would
leave school and go to another village to take care of her sick uncle. Hadeye
obeyed when Yacouba decided he would marry three wives. And Hadeye nodded
in agreement when Yacouba decided to join the rebel army. But it all turned out
badly and now Yacouba is dead. Two of Hadeye's sons escaped to the Niger border
with their grandmother. Hopefully the displaced boys will get food in the refugee
camp...
Hadeye still has three young mouths and herself to feed. The rebels did not
manage to steal her only goat. The tiny portion of land her husband's family left
her is a long distance away from home and it is not a fertile ground. In addition,
the drought has really been tough this year. The poor harvests have failed yet
again because of rainfall shortage.
Hadeye has to look for money to take care of her children's needs. But
from where? Her local leader has already warned that her garden may soon be
sold to international investors. In this strongly patriarchal society where many
women need to ask permission from their husbands just to leave the house,
Hadeye doesn't have a single clue how to claim any ownership rights, or that she
even has any.
Above all she does not understand why Yacouba's two other wives do not
seem to be starving and struggling the way she does. They show up every day at
the market place and make some money by selling onions and okras. This way
they decently feed their numerous children.
No one ever told Hadeye how to survive without her husband. Strangely
enough she has mixed feelings. With no husband around, those two wives gather
each evening to listen to the radio. Could it be that the radio knows the secret to
put an end to hunger?
On that night, Hadeye falls asleep feeling as usual the tiny bodies of her
children against her skin. She is so desperate and hungry that all she can think of
is that she must find a way to get the information...).
It will be a long night for Hadeye…..
25

26. Opinion Tracking and Media Analyses
Yes No Corrective Action needed?
Should you pole stakeholders and √ No action needed
General public regarding your issue or
organization?
Would qualitative surveys bring new √ Yes, the local NGOs and local regional
insight to your messaging? authorities
Have the media reported about your √
organization recently? Was it positive?
Is the sentiment on the issue and your Not applicable
organization positive in social media?
Are there trends and issues you need to √ 1) Africa cannot feed itself
be aware of in the media? 2) Islam is the greatest enemy of women’s
rights
3) Careful how we communicate concerns
on land-grabbing
Are there important social influencers √ Yes, Global Development Blog in the
including bloggers? Guardian influences donors
Have you measured your share of voice √ Not applicable, difficult right now
vs share of mind?
Other opinion tracking or media √ 1) Social media impact assessment /
analysis required? analysis
2) Assessment / analysis of traditional
media presence, impact, influence and
opinion of our issues
Media Platforms
Title Reach Main subjects Forward Top Journalists
Features
All Africa Aggregated African
news
Africa Journal TV features on Pan – African weekly
sustainable news
development reach Africa’s most important
20 million homes in stories and interviews in
Africa trade & economic
development, ,
IRIN IRIN audience
52% - Humanitarian
workers: 52% -
International and
national NGOs, UN,
governments, donors,
humanitarian and
development
26

27. consultants
25% - Academia:
9% - Media:
14% - Others:
Corporate and
private sector,
military, etc.
Farm Radio 330 radio The African Farm Radio
organizations in 39 Research Initiative
African countries (AFRRI)
• Radio Libre
Bamakan
Bamako, Mali
Community
Radio Listeners:
2,000,000
• Radio Jigiya
Mali Community
Radio Listeners:
500,000
• Radio Yeelen
Kadiolo, Mali
Community
Radio Listeners:
300,000
• Radio Dionakan
Koulikoro, Mali
Community
Radio Listeners:
116,983
Media Measurement
Awareness Acknowledgement Acceptance Activation
Activity • Meetings with
officials
• Radio & TV
program
• Posters
• Workshops on the
ground
• Community
gathering
Intermediary • Reach of programs • Upgrade of • Donors’ funding
• Number of program’s
participant to content
gatherings • Support from
27

28. • Number of donors
meetings(quantitati
ve)
• Rank of officials
met (qualitative)
Target audience • Discussion by/in • Agree to discuss • Trend change in
effect farmers’ unions by religious judicial process
meeting leaders (both
• Women-led judges+prosecuto
cooperatives are rs)
funded • Development of
women-tailored
farming
programs/farmers
union
• Statements from
local leaders
Social Media KPIs
OBJECTIVE OUTPUT MEASURES - OUTCOME MEASURES -
Quantitative Qualitative
Inform stakeholders and public Blogs Blogs
(CREATING AWARENESS STAGE) • No. of relevant articles we • Other blogs referring to our
write stories / articles
• Acceptance of articles by • No. of requests received to
top-tier media / blogs blog from top-tier media
Interact with stakeholders Twitter Twitter
(CREATING AWARNESS AND • No. of re-tweets • Follower ratio
ENCOURAGING • No. of mentions (hash tag • No. of tweets initiated by
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT) Mali, land rights, land 3rd parties
coalition etc)
28

29. Bibliography
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Développement économique – Mali, Rapport d'apprentissage, International Institute for Communication and
Development, (2011).
Doing business – Mali, The World Bank (2012).
Farming money, How European banks and private finance profit from food speculation and land grabs,
Friends of the Earth Europe (2011).
Gain in Africa, Fact Sheet, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (2011).
Gender and Economic Empowerment of Women, Africa Partnership Forum, Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development (OECD), NEPAD (2007).
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trends and gaps, FAO, IFAD and International Labour Office (2010).
Gender dimensions of agricultural and rural employment: Differentiated pathways out of poverty, Status,
trends and gaps, FAO, IFAD and International Labour Office (2010).
Gender Equality and Development, World Development Report 2012, The World Bank (2011).
Gender in Agriculture. Sourcebook Module 4. Gender issues in Land Policy and Administration, International
Land Coalition and IFAD (2010).
Gender sensitive indicators, Draft framework of indicators to gauge gender sensitivity in media operations
and content, UNESCO, 28th Session of the Intergovernmental of the IPDC (2012).
How can women’s land rights be secured?, Collection of contributions received, Discussion No. 75 from 23
January to 5 February 2012, Online discussion leading up to an FAO-IFAD-ILC side event at the Commission
on the Status of Women (CSW), 27 February – 9 March 2012, New York.
IFAD Policy on Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment, IFAD (2012).
ICT for rural development: five years of learning, International Institute for Communication and Development
(2012).
Investing in people, Monitoring the G8 promises to Africa, The data report 2010, One (2010).
Mali: Women’s cooperatives and land agreements, in Dimitra N, Rural women, gender and development
(February 2012).
October Voice: Gender Perspective on Food Justice, Oxfam International (2011).
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30. Putting the New Vision for Agriculture into Action: A Transformation Is Happening, World Economic Forum’s
New Vision for Agriculture (2012).
Rural Women and the Millennium Development Goals, Inter-Agency Task Force on Rural Women led by FAO,
IFAD and composed of: ITC-ILO, SPFII, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNEP, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNIDO, UNAIDS, UN Women,
WHO (2011).
The economics of rural radio in Africa, An Introductory Study into the Costs and Revenues, African Farm Radio
Research Initiative (2008).
The Future We Want Rio+20, United Nations (2012).
Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context
of National Food Security, FAO (2012).
What Women Farmers need: A Blueprint for action, Action Aid International (2011).
What works for Women, Proven approaches for empowering women smallholders and achieving food
security, by CARE, Christian Aid, Concern Worldwide, Find Your Feet, Oxfam, Practical Action, Save the
Children, Self Help Africa, and the University of East Anglia (2012).
Bina Agarwal, Food Crises and Gender Inequality (DESA Working Paper n°107, June 2011).
Rebecca Black, Discours, Rencontre sur la science, la recherche et les nouvelles technologies au service du
développement au Mali (USAID, 2012)
Cheibane Coulibaly, Decentralization in Mali: a constrained « responsability transfer » process ( Land Tenure
and Development Technical Committee Pedagogic Factsheets, December 2010)
Riccardo Del Castello, FAO’s Experience in Mainstreaming Communication for Development to Reach the
MDGs (the Inter-Agency Roundtable on Communication for Development, 2007).
Fiona Flintan, Women's empowerment in pastoral societies (WISP, UNDP, IUCN, 2008).
Christophe Golay, Deux approches pour lutter contre la faim et la discrimination contre les femmes : le droit
à l’alimentation et la souveraineté alimentaire. In Du grain à moudre. Genre, genre, développement rural et
alimentaire. (Dir) C.Verschuur 341-359. (Actes des colloques genre et développement. Berne: DDC-
Commission nationale suisse pour l'UNESCO: Genève: IHEID, 2011).
Riccardo Hausmann, Laura D. Tyson and Saadia Zahidi, The Global Gender Gap Report 2011 (World Economic
Forum, 2011).
Ingrid Helsingen Warner, To what extent can Twitter help Grow Africa become a successful public private
partnership to ensure food security in Africa? (2011).
Isabelle Hillenkamp, Genre, systèmes agraires et vulnérabilités alimentaires : une analyse nécessaire. In Du
grain à moudre. Genre, genre, développement rural et alimentaire. (Dir) C.Verschuur 367-443. (Actes des
colloques genre et développement. Berne: DDC-Commission nationale suisse pour l'UNESCO: Genève: IHEID,
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31. Kachika Tinyade, Land grabbing in Africa, A review of the impacts and the possible policy responses (Oxfam
International, 2010).
Mary Kimani, Women struggle to secure land rights (African Renewal, vol.22 #1, April 2008).
Kathambi Kinoti, Land grabs: the threat to African women's livelihoods ( Open Democracy, 2012).
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Augusto Lopez-Claros and Saadia Zahidi, Women’s Empowerment: Measuring the Global Gender Gap (World
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Marie Monimart, Sahel : sécheresse, crises alimentaires et défiminisation des systèmes agraires, in Du grain
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genre et développement. Berne: DDC-Commission nationale suisse pour l'UNESCO: Genève: IHEID, 2011).
Marie Monimart and Su Fei Tan, Gender and access to land and natural resources in Mali and Niger (IIED,
London).
Dambisa Moyo, Dead Aid. Why Aid is Not Working and How There is a better way for Africa (Garar, Straus
and Giroux, New York, 2009).
Sabine Pallas, Women's land rights and women's empowerment: one and the same? In Du grain à moudre.
Genre, genre, développement rural et alimentaire. (Dir) C.Verschuur 269-289. (Actes des colloques genre et
développement. Berne: DDC-Commission nationale suisse pour l'UNESCO: Genève: IHEID, 2011).
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S. Turrall, Innovative approaches to gender and food security ( IDS Knowledge Service, 2012).
31

32. Interviews and Meetings
Date Contact Name Title
16/03/2012 & Manga Dembélé Directeur de la Communication, Malian Embassy in Paris
03/05/2012
03/04/2012 Christine Verschuur PHD Senior Lecturer, Responsable Pour Genre et Developpement (IHEID)
03/04/2012 Dr. Christophe Golay Research Fellow at the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights
Right to Food expert and Former Legal Advisor to the UN-Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food
05/04/2012 David Gressly UNICEF West and Central Africa Regional Director
05/04/2012 Grant Leaity UNICEF's head of operations in West Africa and Central Africa
06/04/2012 Marie-Rose Van Den Service Public Fédéral des Affaires étrangères de Belgique, Commerce extérieur et coopération au
Driesch développement
11/04/2012 Benjamin Fiafor Regional Field Manager (West Africa) at Farm Radio International
12/04/2012 François Laureys Regional Manager West-Africa at International Institute for Communication & Development (IICD)
13/04/2012 Michael John Taylor Programme Manager Global Policy and Africa at ILC secretariat at IFAD
13/04/2012 Olivier de Schutter United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food
13/04/2012 Mamadou Sibibe Président du Conseil National du Patronat du Mali
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33. 13/04/2012 Roni Amelan UNESCO Press service editor
13/04/2012 Fiona Flintan Consultant at International Land Coalition
14/04/2012 Martin Vogl BBC journalist in Mali
18/04/2012 Glenn Payot Délégué auprès des Nations Unies pour la Fédération International des Ligues des Droits de l'Homme
18/04/2012 Ulrik Halsteen Human Rights Officer, Special Procedures Branch, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for
Human Rights
28/04/2012 Dr. Alfred de Zayas Independent UN Expert
30/04/2012 Elisabeth Sola Co-founder and President Idées Elles NGO & Prométhée NGO
30/04/2012 Alexis Zufo Dembelé Journaliste (Radio San), prêtre et Responsable de l’Université catholique de Bamako
02/05/2012 Mamoudou Kassambara Director Prométhée NGO in Mali
02/05/2012 Dramane Sidibé Director CARE Mali
11/05/2012 Modibo Coulibaly Farm Radio Mali
11/05/2012 Sabine Pallas Programme Officer, Women's Land Rights and Resource Mobilisation at International Land Coalition
30/05/2012 Joëlle Turbe Commission des droits humains de l'Union internationale du notariat
33

34. Research in videos
Title Author(s) Link Date
AGRA in Mali Alliance for a Green http://bit.ly/KkTNUc 2009
Revolution in Africa
Davos 2012 - Ensuring Food Security World Economic Forum http://bit.ly/AAURpi 2012
Documentary : Planet for sale – Food CAPA Presse http://bit.ly/jfvI6e 2011
crisis and the global land grab
Documentary : Le Jardin de Laila, des Association suisse de DVD 2004
microcrédits pour les femmes solidarité internationale
maliennes Idées'Elles – Prométhée
ONG
Femmes Rurales du Mali: le rôle des UN Women http://bit.ly/L85nFb 2012
femmes dans les défis de sécurité
alimentaire
Gendered Impact of Food Prices: How IFPRI Food Portal http://bit.ly/tYsCSV 2011
do rising food prices affect men and (International Food
women differently? Policy Research Institute
IFPRI)
Gender Equality and Development : Co- The World Bank http://bit.ly/pXOrMx 2012
Directors Ana Revenga and Sudhir
Shetty talk about the main findings of
the World Development Report 2012
Growing Impact: Three inspiring stories African Women in http://bit.ly/LCGtN1 2010
from AWARD Fellows, showcasing Agricultural Research
agricultural innovations serving rural and Development
women in Sub-Saharan Africa (AWARD)
Mali : Edition spéciale, coup d'Etat au TV5 Monde Afrique http://bit.ly/LCG2lQ 2012
Mali sur TV5MONDE Afrique
Mobile Network and Citizen Journalists Internews http://bit.ly/w0I4p7 2012
Empower Communities
New Film Exposes the Devastating ON Broadcast http://bit.ly/MrHoyy 2012
Impact World Bank Backing for Land Communications
Investments is having in Mali
Période de lancement du Programme CARE Mali http://bit.ly/MrGjXx 2012
Pathways: entretien avec Dramane
Sidibé, CARE Mali
President Obama speaks to the press at White House http://bit.ly/L84axM 2012
the end of the G8 Summit at Camp
David. May 19, 2012.
World Bank creating poverty BBC http://bit.ly/dqb5IF 2008
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35. Research on Media Coverage of Food Insecurity issues
Media outlet Media type Sentiment Link
African Business Review Business Positive-innovation in agriculture http://bit.ly/H6Otam
Magazine
Afrique en Ligne News Portal Positive- Financial Support to http://bit.ly/Ie3cfJ
farmers
allAfrica News Portal Positive-innovation in agriculture http://bit.ly/GSzv5F
allAfrica News Portal Positive- How to use web to http://bit.ly/GUjfjO
collaborate (farmers)
allAfrica News Portal Positive- Technology http://bit.ly/HS4CPv
allAfrica News Portal Positive- Investments in http://bit.ly/JkisNr
agriculture
BBC Radio and Positive and alarming http://bbc.in/d6aTck
News portal
Bloomberg News Portal Negative- Sahel Food Crisis http://bloom.bg/Hjxspv
The Financial Times Newspaper Negative- Land grab http://on.ft.com/KpxEZx
The Financial Times Newspaper Positive-micro credits http://on.ft.com/KT8DBg
Ghana Web News Portal Negative- women vulnerable to http://bit.ly/KewPUN
climate change
Guardian (The) Newspaper Negative- Sahel Food Crisis http://bit.ly/HhVSoy
Guardian (The) Newspaper Negative – Family code
IPS NEWS (Inter Press News agency Positive – Many interviews http://bit.ly/IPcX63
Agency covering our subject
IRIN News News agency Positive and alarming http://bit.ly/Nl6C7m
Morning Star News Portal Negative- Int. Community http://bit.ly/H7bmv6
suspends aid to Mali
MSN News News Portal Positive- Guidelines on land http://bit.ly/J5GTca
grabbing
New Business Ethiopia Business Positive- Agricultural http://bit.ly/KpuhBR
Magazine development
UN News Centre News Portal Negative- Sahel Food Crisis http://bit.ly/HFoRkj
UN News Centre News Portal Positive-agricultural development http://bit.ly/x6cSFi
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