1. Key Topic: Augustus Main Idea # 1: Revenge for the Death of Julius Caesar Main Idea # 2: The Second Triumvirate Main Idea # 3: Who is Augustus? Main Idea # 4: Finally Pax Romana for Rome & the Great reforms of Augustus

2. March 25, 2011 Warm Up: Who would you put in a triumvirate with yourself? Why did you choose them? Objective: Caesar – Dictator or Reformer Revenge for Caesar Another set of three rulers…didn’t the first one do horrible????? Who is Augustus?? Homework: Due Monday – make sure you have a Quia account…you will have to give Miss Rice your user name and password (directions are under homework again)

3. Main Idea # 4: The fall of Julius Caesar by the Senate.

4. What do you think??? Live you amazing reformer Die you horrible dictator

5. BITE Set up a plot to kill him When Caesar enter the Senate - 60 Senators stab him 23 times on the Ides of March (March 15th 44 BCE)

6. Caesar was killed because…. The Senate thought he wanted to be… KING

7. Octavian Brutus Cassius Antony Main Idea # 1: Revenge for the Death of Julius Caesar VS

8. Main Idea # 1 – Taking Sides Octavian Antony Octavian -Grandnephew of Caesar & Heir to the throne Antony –Trusted general of Julius Caesar

9. “I will avenge my uncle’s death!”

10. Octavian -Grandnephew of Caesar & Heir to the throne Octavian

11. Brutus Cassius Main Idea # 1 – Taking Sides Brutus- trusted friend to Caesar, very liked patrician, Senator, & helped plan Caesar’s death Cassius- Senator, lazy patrician & helped plan Caesar’s death

12. Main Idea # 1 Antony tries to build a road through the swamp – Cassius figures it out and builds a dam to stop Antony. Antony attacks Cassius’s camp – Cassius commits suicide Same time Brutus beats Octavian Several days later Antony & Octavian beat Brutus (Ships defeat Octavian and Antony Battle of Phillipi

13. Emperor Augustus & the Problems that face Rome once his influence wears off

14. Main Idea # 2: The Second Triumvirate Antony Octavian Lepidus 43 BCE

15. Main Idea # 2: What is a Triumvirate? Political Alliance between 3 people Did the first Triumvirate work? What went wrong with the first Triumvirate?

17. Main Idea # 2: Octavius Caesar: Is the nephew or heir of Julius Caesar after he dies.He also makes a pact with Marcus Antonius and Aemilius Lepidus that they will all three become the Roman powers. Octavian

18. Main Idea # 2: Antony Marcus Antonius: Is one of Caesar's good friends. Is like his side kick. Turns everyone against the conspirators and Brutus. Also defeats Cassius, Brutus and their army at Philippi. Does not like Lepidus. He thinks he should stay being a servant.

19. Main Idea # 2: Aemilius Lepidus: Also is involved in the Roman ruling after Caesar's death. Thinks that the other two members like him and that he is treated equally as the other two. Octavius and Marcus think he is just a servant. Lepidus

20. Main Idea # 2: Why are these guys trying to rule. I am the real heir of Rome! What a loser! I am better than both of these guys! They really like me! Go me!!

21. Main Idea # 2: The triumvirate will not last because they fight a lot Octavian forces Lepidus to retire from politics for good (promises him a small part of Africa)

22. Main Idea # 2: Antony Octavian In the beginning Octavian & Antony are happy to split Rome

23. Main Idea # 2: Problems between Octavian & Antony Women problems To make their bond stronger Antony married Octavia (Octavian’s sister)

24. Main Idea # 2: Woman Problems BUT>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Antony then falls in love with Cleopatra He wants nothing to do with Octavia Octavian is not happy

25. Main Idea # 2: Octavian rallies Rome and tells them that Antony & Cleo are going to try to take over Rome and rule it together. Rome wants to stop Antony

26. Battle of Actium – 31 BCE Cleo & Antony V Octavian

27. Main Idea # 2: Battle of Actium Octavian crushes Cleo & Antony’s navy & army The couple flees to Egypt for safety 1 year later Octavian pursues them and they commit suicide (Romeo & Juliet style) Octavian wins and Antony & Cleo are dead

28. The News CAIRO (AP) - Archaeologists will begin excavating sites in Egypt next week in an attempt to solve a mystery that has stymied historians for hundreds of years: Where is the final resting place of doomed lovers Cleopatra and Mark Antony? Archaeologists looking for the tombs of the celebrated queen of Egypt and the Roman general will begin excavating three sites at a temple where tombs may be located, Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities said in a statement Wednesday. Cleopatra and Mark Antony, whose relationship was later immortalized by William Shakespeare and then in a movie with Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton, could have been buried in a deep shaft in a temple near the Mediterranean Sea, the council said. Archaeologists last year unearthed the alabaster head of a Cleopatra statue, 22 coins bearing Cleopatra's image and a mask believed to belong to Mark Antony at the temple. The three sites were identified last month during a radar survey of the temple of Taposiris Magna, the council's statement said. The temple is located near the northern coastal city of Alexandria and was built during the reign of King Ptolemy II (282-246 B.C.). Egypt to look for Cleopatra's Tomb

29. Main Idea # 3: Who is Augustus?

30. Main Idea # 3: What happened to Octavian? He tried to restore the Republic but realized it was too weak Changes he made to the government: Gave the Senate almost no power Made himself in charge of most things.

31. Main Idea # 3: Who is Augustus? Here is Augustus! Who does he look like? Augustus is arguably the single most important figure in Roman history. ~ PSU Prof. G. Fagan Does he look like this man?

32. Main Idea # 3: Who is Augustus? Octavian is Augustus!!! Renamed himself because Augustus means “the revere or majestic one” He also called himself the imperator aka Commander in Chief We call it emperor today

33. Main Idea # 4: Finally Pax Romana for Rome & the Great reforms of Augustus

34. Main Idea # 4: Peace Augustus was a good Emperor to Rome. He was very private and did not want fanfare. 50 million people now live in Rome He paved the way for 200 years of peace & prosperity even if the following Emperor were not very capable

35. Main Idea # 4: Those 200 years or peace are known as: Pax Romana AKA Roman Peace

36. Main Idea # 4: Reforms Permanent Professional Army –150,000 Praetorian Guard – 9000 men to guard the emperor (bodyguards) New Territories in N. Europe Rebuilt Rome with Palaces, public buildings, & fountains “ I found Rome a city of brick & I left it a city of marble.”

37. Main Idea # 4: Reforms The arts flourish Import grain from Egypt to feed the poor Province governors – like our state governors today (replace much of the Senate’s power)

38. Main Idea # 4: Reforms Tax system Tax collector used to steal because they weren’t paid. Augustus paid them and made it a permanent job – no more stealing Legal system – now laws for all non-citizens Stress the government over the individual in the government

39. The End! While traveling in Campania, Augustus died peacefully at Nola on 19 August, AD 14. His famous last words were "Did you like the performance?"-referring to the play-acting and regal authority that he had put on as emperor.