SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  151
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
-




                :   -
            -




    -




"
"
-
,       ,           ,                       "
                                        .


    .               ,   ,           ,


.


            .


                ,               ,           ,
                                                .
- ...................................................................................................
   1 ....................................................................................................................


   2 ..........................................................................................
   9 .............................................................................................................
 14 ........................................................................           -
 21 ......................... ................................................................
 30 .............................................................


 38 .............................................................................................
 38 ............................ ................................ ................................
 38 ............................ ................................ ................................
 40 ................................. ................................
 41 ...........................................................................................
 42 .............................. ................................................................
 42 .............................................................................................
 43 .......................................                                                       :
 46 ....................................................................                               :
 50 ............ ................................................................                      :
 53 ...............................................................................................
 56 ...........................................................................................
 58 ....................................................................                               :
 64 ...........................................................................................
104 ......................................................................................................................
129 ..................................... ................................ ................................
132 .......................................... ................................ ................................
i-iv .......................................... ................................ ................................
,                                               .                   –


                                                    ,           .
           ,                                                                                    ,
                                            ,                           .


,                                                                                                       ,
                   .(Campbell, 2005a; Kong, 2001)
                    -
.


               .


Campbell 2005b; ) .                                                 ,
                                                                                         .(Fernback, 2002


Luckmann,1967 in )                                              "           "-
                            .                                                            ,(Krueger, 2004
                        ,                               -
       -                        .
.                                                                                ,
                                        :
                                                ,                                                   ,
                                                    .
                                                                .


-                                       -                                            .
       -                    ,   .
                                    -
                                                            ,                ,
Fernback, 2002; Klassen, 2002; McIntosh, 2004; Pearson, 2002; Strmiska, )
                                                                                                    .(2005
:                           -
                ?                                           -                                                                          •
?                                   -                                                                                                  •
                                :
                                                                                            .
    .
                                                                        -                                   -                               ,
                        ,                                                                                                      .
                                                                                                        ,
                    :                                                                                                       .(2003)
                                                ,
                    ,(Campbell, 2005a)
                                                                                .
,
                                                    .
,           ,                                                   ,                   ,                               :
                .                                                                                   ,           ,       -
                                                                                    ,
                                                                                                                                   .
                                                    .                   -
        ,
                                                                    .


                                            .
                                                        -                               ,
                                    ,                       .
                    .


                                            .                                                                           -
                                        -                                                   -
                            :                                                                   .
                                                                                                                                       .1
.2
                        .3
.
    .
,
                ,   .
        ,   .
.
1




             "                                                                                   "
                                                          ,           .


    ".                   ,               .            ,                                                  .               "
                                                          ,




                                                  .                           –


                                                                      .
                     .


,                                                                                                                    ,
                                             .(Campbell, 2005a)


                                                                          .
                                                                                                             ?
                             ?
                                 ?
                             ,                                                           ,


                                         ,                                                   ,   -
                                              '           '                   " :
         ,                           ,                                                               :
                                              ,                   ,                                              .
Wertheim, 1999: 21 ) ".edu - .net - ,.com
                                                                                  .(as cited by Campbell, 2005a
                                              -
                 ,
                                                                                                             .
         .
2


Campbell )                                                              ,
                                                                                                                         .(2005b
                                    ,


                            ,                               ,                       -                       .
                                                                .                                                        ,
        ,               -       ,               .
    :                                                                               ,
                                    .                                                                                            "
,       ,               .                                                       .
                                                            .                                           .
,                                                                                               ,               ."
Pesce, 1994 as cited in Davis, 1998, p. )
                                                                                                                             .(229
                -
                                                                        ,                                            .
                                            .       -                                               ,
                                            .
                    ,
                                        .




                    .                               ,                       ,
            .                                                           ,


                                                                                            .
                                                                                .                                            -
                    ,                                                                   :
                            ,                               ,
                                                                    .
                                                                                .
                                                        ,
3


Bell, Loader, Pleace & Schuler, )
                                                                                                           .(2004; Burnett & Marshall, 2003
            ,Computer Mediated Communication                                                                       )
                                                                                                   -                                                                            (" "       "
            ,       '                  ,                       ,       -           -
                                                   .                                                                                                            -
                                                                                                                                        "
-       "                                                  (                                   ' )                                      "           ,               .                  "
            ,                      ,                                                                                       .(                           ,           - )
                                                                                           .
                            ) "                                                                                                     ,                                             :
Herring, 2002; Soukup, )                                                                               ,('                                                  ,           ,              ,
                                                                                                                                                                                .(2000
,                       :                                                      "
                                                                           ,                                               "
.(Reduced Cues) "                                                          "                                                    ,
                                                           "                                           ,
                        .                                                                                                                       -
                                               "       ,                                   .                                            ,                                   "
                    "
                             .('                           ,               )
                                                                                                                                            "
                                                                                               .(Herring, 2002; Soukup, 2000)
                                           .                                                                           "                                    "
                              .                                    ,                           "


                                                                                                                                                                            -
                                                                                                                                                                        .
                                                                                               ,                       .
            ,
                                                       .('                                                 ,                            )                   –


    "           ,             .                                                                                                                                             "         ,
                                                                       "                                       "
4


                                                               .
                                                               "
    .(Herring, 2002; Soukup, 2000)


                                                           "                                           . "


      .                                                                                        "                     .
                                . "


                          , "                                                                                                .
                                   .                                                       ,                                             ,
                  ,                        -           .
                               ,                                   ,
                                                                                                   "                         .
                      .                                                                                                              -
                                                                           "
                                                                                                                                             .
                                                                                                                         .
              ,                                .                                                                             "
                                               ,                                                                                             "
                                                       -                                                 ,
.                                                                      -


                                       "               "       "                                                 .
                           ,                       .               ,           ,                                                     ,
-                                          -                                       "
                                           .
          .                                                                                                  "
                                                                                                                     (Turkle, 1995)


Burnett & Marshall, )                                                                                                            ,
                                                                   .(2003; Castells, 2001; Herring, 2002; Soukup, 2000
                                                                       "
                                                                                                                             .
5


                                                                                                            .
                                                        .
                                                                                    ,
                                                                                            .
                                    ,                                           ,                                      ,
                                                                                                                   .
                                                ,
Bell et al., 2004; )
                            .(Castells, 2001; Chadwick, 2006; Herring, 2002; Soukup, 2000
    .           ,                   ,
    ) ARPA                                                              ,ARPANET -
        ARPA .1969                                  (Advanced Research Projects Agency
         .
                "                                                                                                           "
-           .                                               "                                               ,
                    .                                           ,                                               ARPANET


                            .
Chadwick, )                     '           ,                                                           ARPANET-
                                                                                                                           (2006
                                                                                                ,       .
                                                                                    ,
                                                                                                    .
Bell et al., 2004; Castells, 2001; Chadwick, 2006; Ince, )
                                                                                            .(2001; Wood & Smith, 2001
Packet ) "                              "                                                           ARPANET
                                                                                                                .(Switching
                                                                        .
                        ,
        "                                                           .
            .                                                               ,                                          "


                                                    ,                                   :
                    .
6


                                ,          :
Bell et al., 2004; Castells, 2001; Chadwick, )
                                                                                   .(2006; Wood & Smith, 2001
                                                                                         60-
                                     -                     .
                            .                                                            1972                ARPANET-


        - (Robert Kahn)                        1972                                                .
                   .                                                                                   (Vinton Cerf)
                                           ,
:                                                              .                                         ,
.(TCP/IP :                 ) Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol-
.


                                                                               .
Bell )
                                                                               .(et al., 2004; Chadwick, 2006
                                                                                          ARPANET
                                                                                   .90-
                                                       ,               .
                                                                                               ,
                                                                   .
                                               ,                                     :
Bell et al., 2004; Castells, 2001; )                                       -
                                     .(Chadwick, 2006; Ince, 2001; Wood & Smith, 2001
                                         90-
                                    .CERN –                    '                                                  -
    ,
         -     ,                                   .
World                  -                                       1990
                                                                                                             .Wide Web
                                .
                                          ,60-
                                                                                     ,1969
7


Bell et al., 2004; Castells, 2001; Chadwick, 2006; Ince, ) 90-
                                                                                               .(2001; Klopfenstein, 2002
                                                                          "            "
                   ,IRC ,Usenet ,                     -           :
                                                              "                            "                              FTP- ,
                                       .(Klopfenstein, 2002)                                                          ,


                                                  .
               ,                                                                                                          ,
                                                                                                 .
          .(                              )                                   (                      ,            )
                                                                                                         ,
          ,        )                                                                   (                                          ,           )
.                                                                                                                                     .(
                   ,
      .                        ,                                  -                                                           ,
          (                                   )
                                                                                  ,(       ' ,                                            )
                                              .
                                                                                  .
                       (visibility)
                                                                                                         ,
                                              "               "                                                                   .
,                                                                                              ."            "            "           "
                                   .
                   '
                                                                                       .
                                                          .


     .                                                                                          .
                                          .
                                                                      ,
Burnett & Marshall, 2003; )                                                                              ,
                                                                                                                 .(Chadwick, 2006
8


    .


                              (cyber)                           .
,                   ,                                       .                           ,
                            (cybernetics)
                                                                                    .
                    ,1984                           .
                .


                                                                                                     .
                    (Rheingold, 1993)                               .
                                        .


                                                                            .
                                                                        "       "
                                                                    .
Bell et al., 2004; Wood & )
                                                                                            .(Smith, 2001


            ,                                                                                        . "
                                            .                                               ,
                                                        ,
                                                        .
                                                    (Rheingold, 1993)


.
        ,                                       :
,                                  ,
                        .                                                                            ,


                                                                        .


                                                                                                 .
                               ,                    -
9


Castells, 2001; Herring, )                    -       -
                                                                          .(2002; Wood & Smith, 2001


                                                                                                    .


                                                                               "                            ?
                     ,       ,
                 "       "                                                             .
                                                                      ,
Jones, 1997 as cited by )                     ' .
                                                                                       (Wood & Smith, 2001
     ,                                                :
                                                          ,
                                                                                   ,        .
                                                                           .
    .(Bell, 2004; Herring, 2002)


                                                  , "                                           .
                                                                  .
                                                      ,
                                         .(Castells, 2001)




                                                                           .
                                 ?                –
         ?                           ?                                                          ?
                                                          ?
                                          ,
                                                                                                            .
         .
:                                             ,                                                         "       "
             .
10


Aldridge, 2000; ) "             "
                                        .(Christiano, Swatos & Kivisto , 2002; Hunt, 2002


                                                                      ,
                                            :                                                                              .
.                                                                                 ,                               ,
,19-
                            "                                                                             ,
                                                                                                                  ."
    –                                                             ,
                                        ,                 ,                               ,                   .
                    ,                                                         -
                        .                                                                                              .
                    .
                                                                          .
                .
        ,                           :
:                                                                         .
                                                .'            -                               ,       ,
                                    ,
Aldridge, 2000; )
                                                         .(Christiano et al., 2002; Cipriani, 2000


        (Tylor, 1903 as cited in Hunt, 2002)                                          .
,                                                             .                   "                       "
            .
                                        ,            -
                                                          .                                                       ,
                ,


                                        ,
Robertson, 1970 as cited in Hunt, )                                                   ,           .           -
                                -                                                                                              (2002
                                                                      .(Bowie, 2000; Hunt, 2002)
11


                                                                                      (1864-1920)
                                                                                                                          .
                              .


                  -                                                                                               .
                                                                                          .
.
,     -                                       :                                                               ,
                                          ,                              ,(                                               )"              "
              .                                                                                           ,                           ,
     -                                                  ,
                                                                                                                      .
                                                                                                      .


                                      .(Aldridge, 2000; Christiano et al., 2002; Cipriani, 2000)
                                                      ,(1858-1917)                            ,
                                                                    .
,                             ,
Durkheim, )
                      ,                                                           .(1965 in Christiano et al., 2002
          .                                       -             ,
.                                                                                     ,


                                              ,                                                                                   .
                          ,                                                       .                   ,
                                                                              .
                                                                                          .                                   ,
                          ,                                                                   ,
.                                                                                                 :
                                  -
                                                                          .
                                      -                                                                                               .
                                                            .
                                                                                      .
12


                   .
                                                            .            ,               ,                   ,
    .(Aldridge, 2000; Christiano et al., 2002; Cipriani, 2000)


                                                                                         .
                                    ,               .
                           ,                                                 (liminal)                                   -
                                                                                 .                                   -
.
                                                                                                                     ,
                                                                .(Turner, 1969 as cited in Fernback, 2002)


                                                                                             ,                       .
                                    .
                                            .
                                                                .                                            (situational)
                                            ,
                                        .                                                        ,               .
                                                                                                 ,
                                                        .
              ."           "-                                                ,
                                                ,
                                                                                                                 ,
                                            .(Aldridge, 2000; Christiano et al., 2002; Cipriani, 2000)
          .
                                                .
                                                                .            ,       ,                   ,           ,       ,       ,       -
                                                            .
                                                                                                         .
                                                                                                                                         .
                                .                                                                    ,
                       .                                                                                                         ,
,     .                         -
                       .                                                                                     ,
13




                                 –                                    .
         .                                                                                –
                                     .
             .


        .(Aldridge, 2000; York, 2003)                         ,


?                                                                 ,               –
         ,       -
             ,           .
                                                                                  ,
.                                                                     ,
,
                                 .       -
,                                                  ,
                         ,
                                                           .(Hunt, 2002)


                                                                                      .
                                                              .


                                                                                              .
                             .


                                                   .                  ,
                                             ,"        "
                     .                                                        ,
         .                                                                ,


                                              .
    -                                         .
14


                                                                                       .
                               .                                                                         ,
                                                                           ,
                                                   .(Fernback, 2002)
                                                   -
                                                                   ,
,                         -                                -
                                                                               .                             -
                                                       .
    ,
                               ,                                                   .
                                                                                                         ,
                                                                                           .(Kong, 2001) ?
                                   ,


                     (Giddens, 1992 as cited by Kruger, 2005a)                                               .
.
    .
                                   ,                           .                                     ,
                                                                                                 ,
                              .(Kruger, 2005a; Larsson, 2005)
                                                                                                 ,
                                       -                       .                                                     ,
.                                                                                                                        –
                :
,                                                                      ,                                             ,
.
                                               ,                                           , "
                .                                                                                    ,           ,


,                                                                                                                        .
            ,                                                      ,                         ,
                                           .                                                                     ,
        ,           ' ,            ,                           ,       -       ,
15


                                    -                                            .
                                            ,                ,                       :
                                                        .                                                                    –
Campbell, 2005a; Dawson, 2005; Kong, )
                                                                 .(2001; Lovheim, 2005; Larsson, 2005
,


                                                                     .                   -
                                    .                            -
                                        :
                                    ?                                                        ,
                        ?
                                            ?
                    ?                           -
    ,           -                                                            ?
                                                                         ?
                                                                 ?
                                                                                                                     ,
            .(Dawson, 2000; Kong, 2001; Kruger, 2005b; Larsson, 2005)
                                                                         (Campbell, 2005b)
,           .


                                .
                                                                                                                 ,
                                                                                             .
        ,                   ,                       ,
                                                                                                                         ,
                                                                                                         ,   .
?
                                                                             "                   "


-                                                                                                    .


                                                                                         .
16



                                                                                                     .       "            "


                .


                                                                                    ,         .                  "
                    ,
Campbell, 2005a; Campbell 2005b; Cowan, 2005; Helland, 2002; )
Helland, 2005; Kong, 2001; Krueger, 2004; Kruger, 2005a ; Kruger, 2005b;
                                                                                                  .(Larsson: 2005
                        -
                                    .(Cowan, 2005; Helland, 2005)
        .                                              -
                –
,                                                                           ,
                                        .          ,            ?                                            –
                                                                    .


.                                                                                        ,                   .


            ."              "                                                       ,




Campbell, 2005b; Lovheim, 2005; O'Leary, )                              '                 ,              .        -
    .                                                                                                            (1996
-
                                    .                                                                                 .


            ,                                                                   .
.
                                                                                        (Helland, 2005)
                                                                            .
                                -                                                         ,          .
                                            .
17


       .                   -
                                                                                                            ,                   ,
                                       ,                                                        ,                   .
                                                       ,
                       -                                   ,                    ,           ,           "                   "
                                       . (Kong, 2001; Lovheim, 2005)


                           .
                               – (religion online) "                                "                               1999
                                                                                                                "       "
–
                                                   .(online religion) "                         "
                                                                    .
                               .
                                               ?
.                                                      .
                           ,                           -
,                                              -                                                                                .
                                                                                            .
                                                                                                        ,
                                                   .


               ,
                                                                            .
           "                       "
                                                                                                    ,                   .
                                                                                        .
Helland, 2002; )
                                                                                                            .(Helland, 2005


                               .(Campbell, 2005a)
                   .
                               ,
                                           ,                            .                                                   ,
18


                                                            .                                               ,           ,
                        ,               -                                                                               ,
                                .                                                                               ,
                                                                                                                                        :
                                                            –                                                               –
                ,                                               .
                                                                                                                        ,
            ,               .
,                                                           .
                                                                                                                                            ,
                                                                                        .
                                                                        .                                                                           ,
                                                                                                    .(Campbell, 2005a) .
                    –                                                                                                           –


                                                    .


    "       "                       ,                   "                   "                                                       ,                       .
                                                                                                                    ."                                      "
                                                                                    .


                                                                                                -
                                                                                                .(Campbell, 2005a)
                                                                    –                                                               –
                                                .
                                                                                                                    .
                                                                                                                    ,
                                                                                                                                                .
        "                               "                                                           ,
                                                                    .                                                                           ,       ,       -
                                            -                                               ,           ,                   ,
                                                                                                                                    .               -
                                                                                -               ,
                                                                                                        .(Campbell, 2005a)
19


                                                      –                                –
                                  .
    .(Campbell, 2005a) .
                                                  -           -                        –
                                          ,                                        ,
                  ,                                                                        .


                                      ,                                                                     .
                                                                                                       -
                                                                                       .
                                                                                   ,           .


                                                                                                   .
                              ,                                                    ,
                                                          .(Campbell, 2005a)


                                              .                                    ,
                                                                       .
                                                                           .
      ,
          ,        )
                      .                                                                                ,(


                      .                   -
                                                                   .
                              ,                           .
                                                                                           ,
                                                                                   .
                              ,                                                .
                          .                               ,
                                                      .                                                     ,
                                                                               ,
.
20


Campbell, )
                                                                                                                            .(2005b




“
spiritualizing the ) "                                      "                                                   .
                                                                                                                    .(internet”
         " .                                                                                                ,
                                                                                                                    "
                                                                                        .
                                                    .                                                                   -


    "                   "                                                           ,               .
                                                                                                        "                         "
        .(Campbell, 2005b)                                      ,                                                            .


                                                                    .                       –


                                    .
                                                                        .
                            ,                                               .


                                                        "                       "               .
                                                    .(Campbell, 2005b)


          (Zimmerman-Umble, 1992 as cited by Campbell, 2005b)                                                               -
                                                -               .




,                                                                               .
,
                                .
                                            ,                                                           ,
                                                    .
                    "                   "                   .
21


                                                          .                     -
                          ,


Livio & Teneboim, 2004; Barzilai & Barzilai-Nahon, 2005 as )
                                                                            .(cited by Campell, 2005b
     ,                                                                                         ,




Campbell, 2005a; Campbell 2005b; Krueger, 2004; Kruger, )
                                                              .(2005a ; Kruger, 2005b; Larsson, 2005
                                                          .


     -                                        ,
                                                  .


                                                                                                   .
                                          :
                                                      ,                                                ,
                                                  .
                     /                ,                       ,         ,
      .                                       ,
                                                                                        -
                                                      ,                     .
Fernback, 2002; McIntosh, 2004; Pearson, 2002; )
                                                                                            .(Strmiska, 2005
              (Pagan) "               "
                              .
                                          :
              "Paganus"
                                  .
          ,                                                        -
                                                      .
                                                                       .
.                                                                                   ,
22



                                                                                                                                   .
;Strmiska, 2005)                                                                                                                       "       "
             ."        "               "               "                            ,                                .(Chryssides, 1999
.(Militia christi) "                                           "
         "         "
                                                                                                                     ."Pagani"
                                                                       "        "                   -"           "
        .(Pearson, 2002; Strmiska, 2005)
             18-
                                                                                            ,                                 ,19-
                                                       .
                               ,
                                                           .                                                          ,


                                                                                                     .
         "                                                             ,                                     .
                                                                           (Starhawk, 1979)                                          "
                                                                   .


                           .(McIntosh, 2004 ; Strmiska, 2005)


                                                   "                   -   "                    .
(Neo) "            "                           ,
(Paganism) "                               "                   ,
    .                                                                                   ,
         "                 -       "
                                                                                                                               .
                                                           .
-                          -                                                                                                   ,
                       ,                                                                                                                   ,
                                                               .
                                                                                                                          "            "
                                                                   ,                                     ,
23


              :                                                                 "           "


19-                                                                                                                       ,
                                                          "                             "                                               ,
                                                                                    ,                .
                       (                                               ,heathen) "               "- "                     "


                                                                                    .(Pearson, 2002; Strmiska, 2005 )
                               "                     "                                      ,
"                 -                      "
                           .


                                                 -                          .                                         ,
      .


          .
                                                                                                                              -
                                             .                                                   ,
                                   .(Strmiska, 2005)                                                         ,


              :                                                                                                       .
          .                                                                                              ,                                  ,
              :
                  ,(               30)               ,(                     )               ,(                   31)                            -
                                                               .                                                 –(                                 )
                                                 ,            .(equinoxes)                                                        (solstices)


                                                                                                                 .
                                                      ,            .
,                  -                                                                                     "                          "
                                                                            .
Fernback, 2002; )
                                                                                                                     .(Pearson, 2002
24


                                                                                                    ,
                                                                                      :
                                                    – (Witchcraft Religions)
                             .                                                                  .
                                                 – (Reconstructionist)
                                   .


:                                                         .                   -
                        –Asatru)           ,(Celtic Recon)                                      ,(Druidism)
                (Religio Romana)                              ,                   -       ,(
        )               ,(                                                        -                                                  )
            .                                                                                  ,(
                                                              –
                                       .
    Wren, 2005, "Intro: ;2003 ,                  ,"                                                                         :       ")
                                               .(Pagans, Heathens and Recons"; York, 2004


                                                      .
            ,                      ,                                      :
                ,           .                                                                               -


                    –                           ,                 .
.                                                                         –
                                           ,
                        ,          -                                  .                                         ,               -
                                                                                  ,
                                                                                                            ,                   .
                                                                          -                             ,               .
                                                              .


                                                              .
Strmiska, )                                         , "                                                             ,
                                                                              .                                                 ,(2005
25


         -
                                                                      .
                                                                ,(The Craft ) "                         "       "                 "
                               (1884-1964)                                .              ' .                                50-
                                                                      ,
                                               ' .
                                                                                 ,
                                                                                                            .
                         ,                                            ,                                     ,(Rosicrucian)
                                                                                          .
                                       .
                                               ,                                     .
                                                                                                    .
                                                   .
Chryssides, 1999; Klassen, )                                                                                            ,
                                .(2002; Krueger, 2004; McIntosh, 2004; York, 2004
                                                                      ,(1926-1988)
                                                       .


                                                                                                    .
                                                                 ,                                                          "
                 .                         -                                                                    "


                                                                                .                       (visibility)
(Starhawk, 1979)                                                 ,(                                         )
                                                                                                            .       -
                             1971                      "
                     .(Klassen, 2002; Krueger, 2004; McIntosh, 2004)
,(           )                             ,
                     ,                     ,NROOGD ,(                                     '    ')
                         ,                         ,
                                                                              .(Chryssides, 1999; York, 2004)
                                    (Goffman, 1967 in Krueger, 2004)
     .
26


                                                                                  .
                                                             .
                                                             ,(Covens)
                                                                             12                                        .
                              )                                                                        .
                                                                                                                                (
                                                                                                                                            .
             ,                                                                                                     .
                                  ,                                        , (                                                      )
Krueger, 2004; McIntosh, 2004; Pearson, 2002; )                                                                                         (Sabbats)
                                                                                                                                    .(York, 2004
         .                                               ,
                                                                                               ,
                 "                        "                       "-                                                       .
                          .                                                                                            .
                              ,
Chryssides, )
                                                                                                                                                .(1999


                                                                       .
                 "                                            .
."                    "                                                                                                                 "
             .


                                      ,                                                                    .
     ,                                "
                      .(Berger & Ezzy, 2004; Krueger, 2004)


                 .
                 " "                          " ,"                                         "                   -
"                    "- "                        "                           ,                                             ,"
                                                     -                                             ,                                        ,
                                                         .(Klassen, 2002; Krueger, 2004; Schutten, 2006)
27



                                                                                    .
                                                                                                    .
                                                         .
,       ,                                                              ,
.                           ,                                                                               ,
                            :
.                                                    -                                  ,


                                                                                                ,                               ,
                                    '                                               .                                   -
"                                                                                           ,
    ,                                                                                                                       .
                                                 .
                .
        .
            .
                :
(                   ,                                        )             ,(                           ,                               )
                        ,                   .(                   ,                                  ,               )
                                                         .
"Grooves"                                                        "
Chryssides,1999; McIntosh, 2004; Pearson, 2002; )
                                            .(Wren, 2005, "Intro: Pagans, Heathens and Recons"
                                                     -
                        -               .                                                                                           -
                                                                           .
                                ,                                                       .


                                                                                                                .
                                                                                .
                                                                                                        .
                                                                     .(York, 2004)
28


                   -
                                                                       .
          ,            ,       ,                           ,       ,
,                                                      ,                                               .
                                                                                .
,         .


,                                                                                       .
,
York, )
                                                                                                            .(2004


                               .(Ásatrú) "                     "                                .
-                                          ."Heathen"                      ,"           "
                                                               .
                                                           Heathen                  ,
                                   .           -


McIntosh, 2004; Strmiska, 2005; Wren, 2005, "Intro: Pagans, Heathens and )
                                                                                                      .(Recons"


"              "                       ,                   ,
              New Religious Movements) "                                                        "    (New Age)
     -                                                                                                     .(NRM's
                                                                                .                                   ,
                                           .                                                ,
                           .                                           ,
      "
,              .                                                                                    ,60-
                       50-                                         (                    )
                                                                                                           . "
                                                   ,                                                        :
,                                                                          "        "                           ,
          .
29


                                                     .
                            .(Chryssides, 1999; Pearson, 2002; York, 2004)
            ,
                                                          .                                                                                           ,
                                 ,
                                                                                                                                                              .
                                                                                                                                                                      ,
                        -                    ,                             .                                                                              ,
                                                                                                 .
                                                                                                                     ,
                        -                        .                                           ,
,                                        "                            "-


                                                         .(Chryssides, 1999; Pearson, 2002; York, 2004)
                    ,
,                                                                                                                        -
        "                                "                    .
                                                                                                         .
                                                                                                                 ,
                                                                                                                                                                  .
    ,                                ,                                                   ,                               ,                    ,
                                                                               .
                                                                  ,(1865-1923)                                                                                        ,
    ,
                                                                                    "                "                           :(cult)              ,(sect)
                                                         "                     ",
,
                             -                                                                                                                            "       "
                                                                                                     .
                                                                                                                                          .
            .                                                                                                                                                         ,
                                                                                                                                                              ,
                ,                                                 "                                          "               ,        .
                                                                                    ."                                                            "
30


                                                              :
.(Daschke & Ashcraft, 2005 ;2007 ,                                 )
Wallis, )
                                          ,       -                                    :(2007 ,                              1976
                     ,                                                                     ,
        -                                     .
                         ,
                                 ,
                                                      .


            ,("              "                            )
    .                            ,                    ,                        ,       -               ,    -       ,
                         ,(Branch Davidians)
        .                                         ,                            Aum Shinrikyo ,(Heaven's Gate)
,
            ,
                                                                                   ,           .
                                                                                                                .
Daschke & ) .
                                                                                                           (Ashcraft, 2005
                                                                                   -
                                     .                                                             ,
                     .


,                                                                                                               ,
                                                                       .


                                         (Luckmann,1967 in Krueger, 2004)


                                                                                                   .
                "-                                                         ,                                    -
                                                                                                                        ."
                                                                                                   ,
31


                                   ,                                   ,
                                                                       .(Krueger, 2004)
                                               ,                                               90 -
     "                "-
                           .           -


             .(Krueger, 2004)


–                                  –               .
              ,
                               (                               ,           )
                                                       .


Krueger, )                 ,                                   ,                       ,        '       ,
                                                                                                                    .(2004
         .
     ,
                                           .


                                                                                           -                .
-                              .
              .(McIntosh, 2004)
                                                                                       ,
                                                                                           .
                  ,            -
                                                           ,
                                                                   .                                ,
         -


                                                                                                                .
                                                                                   .


                                                                               -                        .
                                                           "               "
32


                                               -                                               ,           .
                                           ,   .
                               ,                                                                           ,       .
      ."                       "
                                   -                                                       -
                                       -                               .


                                                                   .(Fernback, 2002; Klassen, 2002)
                                                           -
               .
                                                                                   -
           ,               –                                       .
,(sabbats) "               "                                               ,                                   ,
                                                                           .                                           ,
                       ,                                       :
                    .(Klassen, 2002)
           -
                      (Fernback, 2002; Klassen, 2002)
           -                                           .
               .                                                                               ,


                                                                                                   .
                                                               .                                           -
                                                                   -
                                                   ,
                                                                                                                   .
                   (Fernback, 2002; Klassen, 2002)                                                 ,


                                           -                                                                           .
                                               .                                                       ,
-                                      .(Technopagans)                                 -           (Zippies)
                                                                               -                                   ,
                                       ,                                                                       .
                                               .
33



        -                                                                                   .
                    ,
                                                                –                                   –
                                                                                                            .
-
                .
                                             (Krueger, 2004, Kruger, 2005a)
    .                                              ,
-
-                                                               .                               ,


–                                                                                   .
        .
            ,
                                         .                                                                  ,
                (                              )
                                .
–
                            .                                                                                   ,
-                                    ,             ,                –


                                                                        ,                                   .
                                    .(Krueger, 2004, Kruger, 2005a)


                        .                                                               ,
                                                                    ,
                                                                                                        ,
                                                            ,               .
                                         ,                                  .
                                                            ,
                                                                                ,
,                                                                                                   .
    .(Krueger, 2004, Kruger, 2005a)
34


-
                                                                                                               .
                              .                       ,        ,
,   "            ,
                                      -
Krueger, 2004, )                          -                                                                        15
                                                                                               .(Kruger, 2005a
                                                      (Fernback, 2002)
                          ,                            -
                      ,                           .                                    -
                                                                                                           -
                                                                                                                   .
,                                                          ,           .
        .'                            ,                            -


                                                                           .


                          -
                                  .
    .                                                                                      -
"                "
                                                                       -
                                                                                       .
                              ,                                                    -
.                                                                                          .


                                                                                                                   .


             ,                                                                     :
                                                                               ,                       -
                                              -                                                    ,
                                                           ,
                     .(Fernback, 2002)                                                         ,
35


                          (chat)     '
                .
                                                                                          :
                                                              .           "           "
                                                                          ,
                                                                                                                            .
                                                                                                      ,
                                                                  .(Fernback, 2002)


                         (Klassen, 2002)                  ,
            Cybercoven                               -                                                    .
                             .
    ,
                .       23 Cybercoven-                            .
        .
.
            ,                                .                                Cybercoven -
:                                                .
                        ,61 - 16                          .                           ,                       , "           ,
                    -
                             ,                                                                                              .
-                                                                                                                       ,
                                                                  .                                                 ,


        .                                                                     ,       -
.
,                                                                                                 ,


                                                                                                      .(Klassen, 2002)
                                 ,Cybercoven -
                                 :   ,
                             ,                                        ,                       ,                 -
                                         ,                            ,           ,                   ,             ,
                                                                                                          ,
36


-                                                       Cybercoven -                                    .
                                                    ,
                                                                                                                ,
                        ,                                   .           -                                   "                   "
                                            ,
            ,                                           ,
                .           -


                                                                                        ,                                           ,
                                            :                                                                       ?
    .
                                                                ,Cybercoven
,                                                                               .
                                                                    .
                                                                                                                        ,
,           .                                                                           ,
                                .
                                            ,                                               ,
                                                .
.       -


                                                                                    ,                                       ,
                                                                                                                                        .


                    ?               -


    .                                                                                           ."                      "
                                        ,
-                                                               ,                                                       .
-                                                                                                   ,               .
                                    ,                                   ,                                       .
                                            .
                                                        .                   ,                   ,
                                                                                            Cybercoven
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis
Thesis

Contenu connexe

Tendances

OE 43 no confidence against nirman samiti of mandvi hostel
OE 43  no confidence against nirman samiti of mandvi hostelOE 43  no confidence against nirman samiti of mandvi hostel
OE 43 no confidence against nirman samiti of mandvi hostelSatpanth Dharm
 
Obama us wars used to train white supremacist (kannada)
Obama   us wars used to train white supremacist (kannada)Obama   us wars used to train white supremacist (kannada)
Obama us wars used to train white supremacist (kannada)VogelDenise
 
Обзор научных исследований по программе "Образование на основе развития со...
Обзор научных исследований по программе "Образование    на основе развития со...Обзор научных исследований по программе "Образование    на основе развития со...
Обзор научных исследований по программе "Образование на основе развития со...Yurchenko Gennadiy
 
TAMIL hillary clinton stingers
TAMIL   hillary clinton stingersTAMIL   hillary clinton stingers
TAMIL hillary clinton stingersVogelDenise
 
Barack obama christian or heathen (tamil)
Barack obama   christian or heathen (tamil)Barack obama   christian or heathen (tamil)
Barack obama christian or heathen (tamil)VogelDenise
 
إثراء بيانات التسجيلة الببليوجرافية / إعداد محمد عبدالحميد معوض
إثراء بيانات التسجيلة الببليوجرافية / إعداد محمد عبدالحميد معوضإثراء بيانات التسجيلة الببليوجرافية / إعداد محمد عبدالحميد معوض
إثراء بيانات التسجيلة الببليوجرافية / إعداد محمد عبدالحميد معوضMuhammad Muawwad
 
Translated File1
Translated File1Translated File1
Translated File1guest9adde7
 
Talk given in at the Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy, December 2009.
Talk given in at the Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy, December 2009.Talk given in at the Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy, December 2009.
Talk given in at the Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy, December 2009.larry77
 
كيمياء الصف العاشر
كيمياء الصف العاشركيمياء الصف العاشر
كيمياء الصف العاشرkamal2030
 
غولدستون
غولدستونغولدستون
غولدستونetoo_5005
 
Purchasing Appropriation Request
Purchasing Appropriation RequestPurchasing Appropriation Request
Purchasing Appropriation RequestHoboken Resistance
 
Affidavit safiyulla syed before high court
Affidavit safiyulla syed before high courtAffidavit safiyulla syed before high court
Affidavit safiyulla syed before high courttisaaq
 
Vim user manual_603.0
Vim user manual_603.0Vim user manual_603.0
Vim user manual_603.0gavin shaw
 
092909 EMAIL TO OLYMPIC COMMITTEE (KANNADA)
092909   EMAIL TO OLYMPIC COMMITTEE (KANNADA)092909   EMAIL TO OLYMPIC COMMITTEE (KANNADA)
092909 EMAIL TO OLYMPIC COMMITTEE (KANNADA)VogelDenise
 
08 relations-x4
08 relations-x408 relations-x4
08 relations-x4J00MZ
 
021013 adecco email (tamil)
021013   adecco email (tamil)021013   adecco email (tamil)
021013 adecco email (tamil)VogelDenise
 

Tendances (20)

OE 43 no confidence against nirman samiti of mandvi hostel
OE 43  no confidence against nirman samiti of mandvi hostelOE 43  no confidence against nirman samiti of mandvi hostel
OE 43 no confidence against nirman samiti of mandvi hostel
 
Obama us wars used to train white supremacist (kannada)
Obama   us wars used to train white supremacist (kannada)Obama   us wars used to train white supremacist (kannada)
Obama us wars used to train white supremacist (kannada)
 
Обзор научных исследований по программе "Образование на основе развития со...
Обзор научных исследований по программе "Образование    на основе развития со...Обзор научных исследований по программе "Образование    на основе развития со...
Обзор научных исследований по программе "Образование на основе развития со...
 
TAMIL hillary clinton stingers
TAMIL   hillary clinton stingersTAMIL   hillary clinton stingers
TAMIL hillary clinton stingers
 
Barack obama christian or heathen (tamil)
Barack obama   christian or heathen (tamil)Barack obama   christian or heathen (tamil)
Barack obama christian or heathen (tamil)
 
P13 031
P13 031P13 031
P13 031
 
إثراء بيانات التسجيلة الببليوجرافية / إعداد محمد عبدالحميد معوض
إثراء بيانات التسجيلة الببليوجرافية / إعداد محمد عبدالحميد معوضإثراء بيانات التسجيلة الببليوجرافية / إعداد محمد عبدالحميد معوض
إثراء بيانات التسجيلة الببليوجرافية / إعداد محمد عبدالحميد معوض
 
Translated File1
Translated File1Translated File1
Translated File1
 
Talk given in at the Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy, December 2009.
Talk given in at the Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy, December 2009.Talk given in at the Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy, December 2009.
Talk given in at the Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy, December 2009.
 
Swadhyayamandal
SwadhyayamandalSwadhyayamandal
Swadhyayamandal
 
كيمياء الصف العاشر
كيمياء الصف العاشركيمياء الصف العاشر
كيمياء الصف العاشر
 
غولدستون
غولدستونغولدستون
غولدستون
 
Ico alma mater
Ico alma materIco alma mater
Ico alma mater
 
Purchasing Appropriation Request
Purchasing Appropriation RequestPurchasing Appropriation Request
Purchasing Appropriation Request
 
Affidavit safiyulla syed before high court
Affidavit safiyulla syed before high courtAffidavit safiyulla syed before high court
Affidavit safiyulla syed before high court
 
Vim user manual_603.0
Vim user manual_603.0Vim user manual_603.0
Vim user manual_603.0
 
092909 EMAIL TO OLYMPIC COMMITTEE (KANNADA)
092909   EMAIL TO OLYMPIC COMMITTEE (KANNADA)092909   EMAIL TO OLYMPIC COMMITTEE (KANNADA)
092909 EMAIL TO OLYMPIC COMMITTEE (KANNADA)
 
08 relations-x4
08 relations-x408 relations-x4
08 relations-x4
 
How to maket yourself ?
How to maket yourself ?How to maket yourself ?
How to maket yourself ?
 
021013 adecco email (tamil)
021013   adecco email (tamil)021013   adecco email (tamil)
021013 adecco email (tamil)
 

En vedette

Blogs And Information Professions
Blogs And Information ProfessionsBlogs And Information Professions
Blogs And Information ProfessionsRinat Korbet
 
Different games - כיצד חשיבה על קהלים אלטרנטיביים תשפר את המשחק שלך
Different games - כיצד חשיבה על קהלים אלטרנטיביים תשפר את המשחק שלךDifferent games - כיצד חשיבה על קהלים אלטרנטיביים תשפר את המשחק שלך
Different games - כיצד חשיבה על קהלים אלטרנטיביים תשפר את המשחק שלךRinat Korbet
 
Image Of Information Professionals
Image Of Information ProfessionalsImage Of Information Professionals
Image Of Information ProfessionalsRinat Korbet
 
Blogs As Professional Development Tools For Archivists
Blogs As Professional Development Tools For ArchivistsBlogs As Professional Development Tools For Archivists
Blogs As Professional Development Tools For ArchivistsRinat Korbet
 
Bilişim Teknolojileri Derneği, Araştırma Merkezleri ve Çalışma Metodolojisi
Bilişim Teknolojileri Derneği, Araştırma Merkezleri ve Çalışma MetodolojisiBilişim Teknolojileri Derneği, Araştırma Merkezleri ve Çalışma Metodolojisi
Bilişim Teknolojileri Derneği, Araştırma Merkezleri ve Çalışma MetodolojisiZeyd GÜLESİN
 
Playing with Passion - LGBT Representations in Video Games
Playing with Passion - LGBT Representations in Video GamesPlaying with Passion - LGBT Representations in Video Games
Playing with Passion - LGBT Representations in Video GamesRinat Korbet
 
Gods In The Machine
Gods In The MachineGods In The Machine
Gods In The MachineRinat Korbet
 

En vedette (9)

Blogs And Information Professions
Blogs And Information ProfessionsBlogs And Information Professions
Blogs And Information Professions
 
Cyber Paganism
Cyber PaganismCyber Paganism
Cyber Paganism
 
Different games - כיצד חשיבה על קהלים אלטרנטיביים תשפר את המשחק שלך
Different games - כיצד חשיבה על קהלים אלטרנטיביים תשפר את המשחק שלךDifferent games - כיצד חשיבה על קהלים אלטרנטיביים תשפר את המשחק שלך
Different games - כיצד חשיבה על קהלים אלטרנטיביים תשפר את המשחק שלך
 
Image Of Information Professionals
Image Of Information ProfessionalsImage Of Information Professionals
Image Of Information Professionals
 
Blogs As Professional Development Tools For Archivists
Blogs As Professional Development Tools For ArchivistsBlogs As Professional Development Tools For Archivists
Blogs As Professional Development Tools For Archivists
 
Bilişim Teknolojileri Derneği, Araştırma Merkezleri ve Çalışma Metodolojisi
Bilişim Teknolojileri Derneği, Araştırma Merkezleri ve Çalışma MetodolojisiBilişim Teknolojileri Derneği, Araştırma Merkezleri ve Çalışma Metodolojisi
Bilişim Teknolojileri Derneği, Araştırma Merkezleri ve Çalışma Metodolojisi
 
Napoli
NapoliNapoli
Napoli
 
Playing with Passion - LGBT Representations in Video Games
Playing with Passion - LGBT Representations in Video GamesPlaying with Passion - LGBT Representations in Video Games
Playing with Passion - LGBT Representations in Video Games
 
Gods In The Machine
Gods In The MachineGods In The Machine
Gods In The Machine
 

Similaire à Thesis

Agel ბიზნეს გეგმა
Agel ბიზნეს გეგმაAgel ბიზნეს გეგმა
Agel ბიზნეს გეგმაAgel georgia
 
United States of America – IMMIGRATION REFORM - TAMIL
United States of America – IMMIGRATION REFORM - TAMILUnited States of America – IMMIGRATION REFORM - TAMIL
United States of America – IMMIGRATION REFORM - TAMILVogelDenise
 
My path disappear sugumarje
My path disappear sugumarjeMy path disappear sugumarje
My path disappear sugumarjeCaricaturelives
 
Analogi сталей и св материалов
Analogi сталей и св материаловAnalogi сталей и св материалов
Analogi сталей и св материаловdivyarai27
 
How to-choose-course-after-10th-12th-tamil
How to-choose-course-after-10th-12th-tamilHow to-choose-course-after-10th-12th-tamil
How to-choose-course-after-10th-12th-tamilSuresh A
 
रियो डी जनेरियो
रियो डी जनेरियोरियो डी जनेरियो
रियो डी जनेरियोabhishekshah97
 
تقييم جودة الخدمة التعليمية
تقييم جودة الخدمة التعليميةتقييم جودة الخدمة التعليمية
تقييم جودة الخدمة التعليميةeythar
 
スニペットとウェブカウントを用いたウェブ検索クエリの分類
スニペットとウェブカウントを用いたウェブ検索クエリの分類スニペットとウェブカウントを用いたウェブ検索クエリの分類
スニペットとウェブカウントを用いたウェブ検索クエリの分類Yahoo!デベロッパーネットワーク
 
1994 the influence of dimerization on the stability of ge hutclusters on si(001)
1994 the influence of dimerization on the stability of ge hutclusters on si(001)1994 the influence of dimerization on the stability of ge hutclusters on si(001)
1994 the influence of dimerization on the stability of ge hutclusters on si(001)pmloscholte
 
Current Status of Atomic Spectroscopy Databases at NIST
Current Status of Atomic Spectroscopy Databases at NISTCurrent Status of Atomic Spectroscopy Databases at NIST
Current Status of Atomic Spectroscopy Databases at NISTAstroAtom
 
OE 28 kolhapur samaj bans satpanth religion
OE 28  kolhapur samaj bans satpanth religion OE 28  kolhapur samaj bans satpanth religion
OE 28 kolhapur samaj bans satpanth religion Satpanth Dharm
 
United States of America – IMMIGRATION REFORM - KANNADA
United States of America – IMMIGRATION REFORM - KANNADAUnited States of America – IMMIGRATION REFORM - KANNADA
United States of America – IMMIGRATION REFORM - KANNADAVogelDenise
 
47295388 aunti-ma-ma-myar
47295388 aunti-ma-ma-myar47295388 aunti-ma-ma-myar
47295388 aunti-ma-ma-myarbabycandy007
 
Feasibility studies.1
Feasibility studies.1Feasibility studies.1
Feasibility studies.1Nahid Fawi
 

Similaire à Thesis (20)

Agel ბიზნეს გეგმა
Agel ბიზნეს გეგმაAgel ბიზნეს გეგმა
Agel ბიზნეს გეგმა
 
United States of America – IMMIGRATION REFORM - TAMIL
United States of America – IMMIGRATION REFORM - TAMILUnited States of America – IMMIGRATION REFORM - TAMIL
United States of America – IMMIGRATION REFORM - TAMIL
 
My path disappear sugumarje
My path disappear sugumarjeMy path disappear sugumarje
My path disappear sugumarje
 
3087
30873087
3087
 
Analogi сталей и св материалов
Analogi сталей и св материаловAnalogi сталей и св материалов
Analogi сталей и св материалов
 
How to-choose-course-after-10th-12th-tamil
How to-choose-course-after-10th-12th-tamilHow to-choose-course-after-10th-12th-tamil
How to-choose-course-after-10th-12th-tamil
 
6414
64146414
6414
 
रियो डी जनेरियो
रियो डी जनेरियोरियो डी जनेरियो
रियो डी जनेरियो
 
تقييم جودة الخدمة التعليمية
تقييم جودة الخدمة التعليميةتقييم جودة الخدمة التعليمية
تقييم جودة الخدمة التعليمية
 
スニペットとウェブカウントを用いたウェブ検索クエリの分類
スニペットとウェブカウントを用いたウェブ検索クエリの分類スニペットとウェブカウントを用いたウェブ検索クエリの分類
スニペットとウェブカウントを用いたウェブ検索クエリの分類
 
1994 the influence of dimerization on the stability of ge hutclusters on si(001)
1994 the influence of dimerization on the stability of ge hutclusters on si(001)1994 the influence of dimerization on the stability of ge hutclusters on si(001)
1994 the influence of dimerization on the stability of ge hutclusters on si(001)
 
Current Status of Atomic Spectroscopy Databases at NIST
Current Status of Atomic Spectroscopy Databases at NISTCurrent Status of Atomic Spectroscopy Databases at NIST
Current Status of Atomic Spectroscopy Databases at NIST
 
OE 28 kolhapur samaj bans satpanth religion
OE 28  kolhapur samaj bans satpanth religion OE 28  kolhapur samaj bans satpanth religion
OE 28 kolhapur samaj bans satpanth religion
 
3089
30893089
3089
 
3089
30893089
3089
 
United States of America – IMMIGRATION REFORM - KANNADA
United States of America – IMMIGRATION REFORM - KANNADAUnited States of America – IMMIGRATION REFORM - KANNADA
United States of America – IMMIGRATION REFORM - KANNADA
 
47295388 aunti-ma-ma-myar
47295388 aunti-ma-ma-myar47295388 aunti-ma-ma-myar
47295388 aunti-ma-ma-myar
 
3857
38573857
3857
 
6418
64186418
6418
 
Feasibility studies.1
Feasibility studies.1Feasibility studies.1
Feasibility studies.1
 

Plus de Rinat Korbet

The Adventure Game Renaissance (רנסנס הקווסטים)
The Adventure Game Renaissance (רנסנס הקווסטים)The Adventure Game Renaissance (רנסנס הקווסטים)
The Adventure Game Renaissance (רנסנס הקווסטים)Rinat Korbet
 
Empire state of blogging rinat korbet
Empire state of blogging   rinat korbetEmpire state of blogging   rinat korbet
Empire state of blogging rinat korbetRinat Korbet
 
Achievement Unlocked: The Benefits of Games and Being a Gamer
Achievement Unlocked: The Benefits of Games and Being a GamerAchievement Unlocked: The Benefits of Games and Being a Gamer
Achievement Unlocked: The Benefits of Games and Being a GamerRinat Korbet
 
משחקים העוסקים בתהליך היצירתי
משחקים העוסקים בתהליך היצירתימשחקים העוסקים בתהליך היצירתי
משחקים העוסקים בתהליך היצירתיRinat Korbet
 
Candy info for information specialists
Candy info for information specialistsCandy info for information specialists
Candy info for information specialistsRinat Korbet
 
Not Only Google 2084: Trends in the Information Industry of the Future
Not Only Google 2084: Trends in the Information Industry of the FutureNot Only Google 2084: Trends in the Information Industry of the Future
Not Only Google 2084: Trends in the Information Industry of the FutureRinat Korbet
 
Information professionals ways of dealing with Information Overload
Information professionals ways of dealing with Information OverloadInformation professionals ways of dealing with Information Overload
Information professionals ways of dealing with Information OverloadRinat Korbet
 

Plus de Rinat Korbet (7)

The Adventure Game Renaissance (רנסנס הקווסטים)
The Adventure Game Renaissance (רנסנס הקווסטים)The Adventure Game Renaissance (רנסנס הקווסטים)
The Adventure Game Renaissance (רנסנס הקווסטים)
 
Empire state of blogging rinat korbet
Empire state of blogging   rinat korbetEmpire state of blogging   rinat korbet
Empire state of blogging rinat korbet
 
Achievement Unlocked: The Benefits of Games and Being a Gamer
Achievement Unlocked: The Benefits of Games and Being a GamerAchievement Unlocked: The Benefits of Games and Being a Gamer
Achievement Unlocked: The Benefits of Games and Being a Gamer
 
משחקים העוסקים בתהליך היצירתי
משחקים העוסקים בתהליך היצירתימשחקים העוסקים בתהליך היצירתי
משחקים העוסקים בתהליך היצירתי
 
Candy info for information specialists
Candy info for information specialistsCandy info for information specialists
Candy info for information specialists
 
Not Only Google 2084: Trends in the Information Industry of the Future
Not Only Google 2084: Trends in the Information Industry of the FutureNot Only Google 2084: Trends in the Information Industry of the Future
Not Only Google 2084: Trends in the Information Industry of the Future
 
Information professionals ways of dealing with Information Overload
Information professionals ways of dealing with Information OverloadInformation professionals ways of dealing with Information Overload
Information professionals ways of dealing with Information Overload
 

Dernier

3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptxmary850239
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesMohammad Hassany
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxAditiChauhan701637
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepobaje godwin sunday
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17Celine George
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapitolTechU
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfTechSoup
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational PhilosophyShuvankar Madhu
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...CaraSkikne1
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 

Dernier (20)

3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and step
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
 

Thesis

  • 1. - : - - - "
  • 2. " -
  • 3. , , , " . . , , , . . , , , .
  • 4. - ................................................................................................... 1 .................................................................................................................... 2 .......................................................................................... 9 ............................................................................................................. 14 ........................................................................ - 21 ......................... ................................................................ 30 ............................................................. 38 ............................................................................................. 38 ............................ ................................ ................................ 38 ............................ ................................ ................................ 40 ................................. ................................ 41 ........................................................................................... 42 .............................. ................................................................ 42 ............................................................................................. 43 ....................................... : 46 .................................................................... : 50 ............ ................................................................ : 53 ............................................................................................... 56 ........................................................................................... 58 .................................................................... : 64 ........................................................................................... 104 ...................................................................................................................... 129 ..................................... ................................ ................................ 132 .......................................... ................................ ................................ i-iv .......................................... ................................ ................................
  • 5. , . – , . , , , . , , .(Campbell, 2005a; Kong, 2001) - . . Campbell 2005b; ) . , .(Fernback, 2002 Luckmann,1967 in ) " "- . ,(Krueger, 2004 , - - . . , : , , . . - - . - , . - , , Fernback, 2002; Klassen, 2002; McIntosh, 2004; Pearson, 2002; Strmiska, ) .(2005
  • 6. : - ? - • ? - • : . . - - , , . , : .(2003) , ,(Campbell, 2005a) . , . , , , , : . , , - , . . - , . . - , , . . . - - - : . .1
  • 7. .2 .3 . . , , . , . .
  • 8. 1 " " , . ". , . , . " , . – . . , , .(Campbell, 2005a) . ? ? ? , , , , - ' ' " : , , : , , . Wertheim, 1999: 21 ) ".edu - .net - ,.com .(as cited by Campbell, 2005a - , . .
  • 9. 2 Campbell ) , .(2005b , , , - . . , , - , . : , . " , , . . . . , , ." Pesce, 1994 as cited in Davis, 1998, p. ) .(229 - , . . - , . , . . , , . , . . - , : , , . . ,
  • 10. 3 Bell, Loader, Pleace & Schuler, ) .(2004; Burnett & Marshall, 2003 ,Computer Mediated Communication ) - (" " " , ' , , - - . - " - " ( ' ) " , . " , , .( , - ) . ) " , : Herring, 2002; Soukup, ) ,(' , , , .(2000 , : " , " .(Reduced Cues) " " , " , . - " , . , " " .(' , ) " .(Herring, 2002; Soukup, 2000) . " " . , " - . , . , .(' , ) – " , . " , " "
  • 11. 4 . " .(Herring, 2002; Soukup, 2000) " . " . " . . " , " . . , , , - . , , " . . - " . . , . " , " - , . - " " " . , . , , , - - " . . " (Turkle, 1995) Burnett & Marshall, ) , .(2003; Castells, 2001; Herring, 2002; Soukup, 2000 " .
  • 12. 5 . . , . , , , . , Bell et al., 2004; ) .(Castells, 2001; Chadwick, 2006; Herring, 2002; Soukup, 2000 . , , ) ARPA ,ARPANET - ARPA .1969 (Advanced Research Projects Agency . " " - . " , . , ARPANET . Chadwick, ) ' , ARPANET- (2006 , . , . Bell et al., 2004; Castells, 2001; Chadwick, 2006; Ince, ) .(2001; Wood & Smith, 2001 Packet ) " " ARPANET .(Switching . , " . . , " , : .
  • 13. 6 , : Bell et al., 2004; Castells, 2001; Chadwick, ) .(2006; Wood & Smith, 2001 60- - . . 1972 ARPANET- - (Robert Kahn) 1972 . . (Vinton Cerf) , : . , .(TCP/IP : ) Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol- . . Bell ) .(et al., 2004; Chadwick, 2006 ARPANET .90- , . , . , : Bell et al., 2004; Castells, 2001; ) - .(Chadwick, 2006; Ince, 2001; Wood & Smith, 2001 90- .CERN – ' - , - , . World - 1990 .Wide Web . ,60- ,1969
  • 14. 7 Bell et al., 2004; Castells, 2001; Chadwick, 2006; Ince, ) 90- .(2001; Klopfenstein, 2002 " " ,IRC ,Usenet , - : " " FTP- , .(Klopfenstein, 2002) , . , , . .( ) ( , ) , , ) ( , ) . .( , . , - , ( ) ,( ' , ) . . (visibility) , " " . , ." " " " . ' . . . . . , Burnett & Marshall, 2003; ) , .(Chadwick, 2006
  • 15. 8 . (cyber) . , , . , (cybernetics) . ,1984 . . . (Rheingold, 1993) . . . " " . Bell et al., 2004; Wood & ) .(Smith, 2001 , . " . , , . (Rheingold, 1993) . , : , , . , . . , -
  • 16. 9 Castells, 2001; Herring, ) - - .(2002; Wood & Smith, 2001 . " ? , , " " . , Jones, 1997 as cited by ) ' . (Wood & Smith, 2001 , : , , . . .(Bell, 2004; Herring, 2002) , " . . , .(Castells, 2001) . ? – ? ? ? ? , . . : , " " .
  • 17. 10 Aldridge, 2000; ) " " .(Christiano, Swatos & Kivisto , 2002; Hunt, 2002 , : . . , , ,19- " , ." – , , , , . , - . . . . . , : : . .' - , , , Aldridge, 2000; ) .(Christiano et al., 2002; Cipriani, 2000 (Tylor, 1903 as cited in Hunt, 2002) . , . " " . , - . , , , Robertson, 1970 as cited in Hunt, ) , . - - (2002 .(Bowie, 2000; Hunt, 2002)
  • 18. 11 (1864-1920) . . - . . . , - : , , ,( )" " . , , - , . . .(Aldridge, 2000; Christiano et al., 2002; Cipriani, 2000) ,(1858-1917) , . , , Durkheim, ) , .(1965 in Christiano et al., 2002 . - , . , , . , . , . . , , , . : - . - . . .
  • 19. 12 . . , , , .(Aldridge, 2000; Christiano et al., 2002; Cipriani, 2000) . , . , (liminal) - . - . , .(Turner, 1969 as cited in Fernback, 2002) , . . . . (situational) , . , . , . ." "- , , , .(Aldridge, 2000; Christiano et al., 2002; Cipriani, 2000) . . . , , , , , , - . . . . , . , , . - . ,
  • 20. 13 – . . – . . .(Aldridge, 2000; York, 2003) , ? , – , - , . , . , , . - , , , .(Hunt, 2002) . . . . . , ," " . , . , . - .
  • 21. 14 . . , , .(Fernback, 2002) - , , - - . - . , , . , .(Kong, 2001) ? , (Giddens, 1992 as cited by Kruger, 2005a) . . . , . , , .(Kruger, 2005a; Larsson, 2005) , - . , . – : , , , . , , " . , , , . , , , . , , ' , , , - ,
  • 22. 15 - . , , : . – Campbell, 2005a; Dawson, 2005; Kong, ) .(2001; Lovheim, 2005; Larsson, 2005 , . - . - : ? , ? ? ? - , - ? ? ? , .(Dawson, 2000; Kong, 2001; Kruger, 2005b; Larsson, 2005) (Campbell, 2005b) , . . , . , , , , , . ? " " - . .
  • 23. 16 . " " . , . " , Campbell, 2005a; Campbell 2005b; Cowan, 2005; Helland, 2002; ) Helland, 2005; Kong, 2001; Krueger, 2004; Kruger, 2005a ; Kruger, 2005b; .(Larsson: 2005 - .(Cowan, 2005; Helland, 2005) . - – , , . , ? – . . , . ." " , Campbell, 2005b; Lovheim, 2005; O'Leary, ) ' , . - . (1996 - . . , . . (Helland, 2005) . - , . .
  • 24. 17 . - , , , , . , - , , , " " . (Kong, 2001; Lovheim, 2005) . – (religion online) " " 1999 " " – .(online religion) " " . . ? . . , - , - . . , . , . " " , . . Helland, 2002; ) .(Helland, 2005 .(Campbell, 2005a) . , , . ,
  • 25. 18 . , , , - , . , : – – , . , , . , . , . . , .(Campbell, 2005a) . – – . " " , " " , . ." " . - .(Campbell, 2005a) – – . . , . " " , . , , - - , , , . - - , .(Campbell, 2005a)
  • 26. 19 – – . .(Campbell, 2005a) . - - – , , , . , . - . , . . , , .(Campbell, 2005a) . , . . , , ) . ,( . - . , . , . , . . , . , , .
  • 27. 20 Campbell, ) .(2005b “ spiritualizing the ) " " . .(internet” " . , " . . - " " , . " " .(Campbell, 2005b) , . . – . . , . " " . .(Campbell, 2005b) (Zimmerman-Umble, 1992 as cited by Campbell, 2005b) - - . , . , . , , . " " .
  • 28. 21 . - , Livio & Teneboim, 2004; Barzilai & Barzilai-Nahon, 2005 as ) .(cited by Campell, 2005b , , Campbell, 2005a; Campbell 2005b; Krueger, 2004; Kruger, ) .(2005a ; Kruger, 2005b; Larsson, 2005 . - , . . : , , . / , , , . , - , . Fernback, 2002; McIntosh, 2004; Pearson, 2002; ) .(Strmiska, 2005 (Pagan) " " . : "Paganus" . , - . . . ,
  • 29. 22 . ;Strmiska, 2005) " " ." " " " , .(Chryssides, 1999 .(Militia christi) " " " " ."Pagani" " " -" " .(Pearson, 2002; Strmiska, 2005) 18- , ,19- . , . , . " , . (Starhawk, 1979) " . .(McIntosh, 2004 ; Strmiska, 2005) " - " . (Neo) " " , (Paganism) " " , . , " - " . . - - , , , . " " , ,
  • 30. 23 : " " 19- , " " , , . ( ,heathen) " "- " " .(Pearson, 2002; Strmiska, 2005 ) " " , " - " . - . , . . - . , .(Strmiska, 2005) , : . . , , : ,( 30) ,( ) ,( 31) - . –( ) , .(equinoxes) (solstices) . , . , - " " . Fernback, 2002; ) .(Pearson, 2002
  • 31. 24 , : – (Witchcraft Religions) . . – (Reconstructionist) . : . - –Asatru) ,(Celtic Recon) ,(Druidism) (Religio Romana) , - ,( ) ,( - ) . ,( – . Wren, 2005, "Intro: ;2003 , ," : ") .(Pagans, Heathens and Recons"; York, 2004 . , , : , . - – , . . – , , - . , - , , . - , . . . Strmiska, ) , " , . ,(2005
  • 32. 25 - . ,(The Craft ) " " " " (1884-1964) . ' . 50- , ' . , . , , ,(Rosicrucian) . . , . . . Chryssides, 1999; Klassen, ) , .(2002; Krueger, 2004; McIntosh, 2004; York, 2004 ,(1926-1988) . . , " . - " . (visibility) (Starhawk, 1979) ,( ) . - 1971 " .(Klassen, 2002; Krueger, 2004; McIntosh, 2004) ,( ) , , ,NROOGD ,( ' ') , , .(Chryssides, 1999; York, 2004) (Goffman, 1967 in Krueger, 2004) .
  • 33. 26 . . ,(Covens) 12 . ) . ( . , . , , ( ) Krueger, 2004; McIntosh, 2004; Pearson, 2002; ) (Sabbats) .(York, 2004 . , , " " "- . . . , Chryssides, ) .(1999 . " . ." " " . , . , " .(Berger & Ezzy, 2004; Krueger, 2004) . " " " ," " - " "- " " , ," - , , .(Klassen, 2002; Krueger, 2004; Schutten, 2006)
  • 34. 27 . . . , , , . , , : . - , , , ' . - " , , . . . . . : ( , ) ,( , ) , .( , , ) . "Grooves" " Chryssides,1999; McIntosh, 2004; Pearson, 2002; ) .(Wren, 2005, "Intro: Pagans, Heathens and Recons" - - . - . , . . . . .(York, 2004)
  • 35. 28 - . , , , , , , , . . , . , . , York, ) .(2004 .(Ásatrú) " " . - ."Heathen" ," " . Heathen , . - McIntosh, 2004; Strmiska, 2005; Wren, 2005, "Intro: Pagans, Heathens and ) .(Recons" " " , , New Religious Movements) " " (New Age) - .(NRM's . , . , . , " , . ,60- 50- ( ) . " , : , " " , .
  • 36. 29 . .(Chryssides, 1999; Pearson, 2002; York, 2004) , . , , . , - , . , . , - . , , " "- .(Chryssides, 1999; Pearson, 2002; York, 2004) , , - " " . . , . , , , , , . ,(1865-1923) , , " " :(cult) ,(sect) " ", , - " " . . . , , , " " , . ." "
  • 37. 30 : .(Daschke & Ashcraft, 2005 ;2007 , ) Wallis, ) , - :(2007 , 1976 , , - . , , . ,(" " ) . , , , - , - , ,(Branch Davidians) . , Aum Shinrikyo ,(Heaven's Gate) , , , . . Daschke & ) . (Ashcraft, 2005 - . , . , , . (Luckmann,1967 in Krueger, 2004) . "- , - ." ,
  • 38. 31 , , .(Krueger, 2004) , 90 - " "- . - .(Krueger, 2004) – – . , ( , ) . Krueger, ) , , , ' , .(2004 . , . - . - . .(McIntosh, 2004) , . , - , . , - . . - . " "
  • 39. 32 - , . , . , , . ." " - - - . .(Fernback, 2002; Klassen, 2002) - . - , – . ,(sabbats) " " , , . , , : .(Klassen, 2002) - (Fernback, 2002; Klassen, 2002) - . . , . . - - , . (Fernback, 2002; Klassen, 2002) , - . . , - .(Technopagans) - (Zippies) - , , . .
  • 40. 33 - . , – – . - . (Krueger, 2004, Kruger, 2005a) . , - - . , – . . , . , ( ) . – . , - , , – , . .(Krueger, 2004, Kruger, 2005a) . , , , , . , . , , , . .(Krueger, 2004, Kruger, 2005a)
  • 41. 34 - . . , , , " , - Krueger, 2004, ) - 15 .(Kruger, 2005a (Fernback, 2002) , - , . - - . , , . .' , - . - . . - " " - . , - . . . , : , - - , , .(Fernback, 2002) ,
  • 42. 35 (chat) ' . : . " " , . , .(Fernback, 2002) (Klassen, 2002) , Cybercoven - . . , . 23 Cybercoven- . . . , . Cybercoven - : . ,61 - 16 . , , " , - , . - , . , . , - . , , .(Klassen, 2002) ,Cybercoven - : , , , , - , , , , , ,
  • 43. 36 - Cybercoven - . , , , . - " " , , , . - , , : ? . ,Cybercoven , . . , , . , . , , . . - , , . ? - . ." " , - , . - , . , , . . . , , Cybercoven