k12 5th Grade Science Class Connect on the Human Body

3. Our Stops Today:
•Digestive System
•Circulatory System
•Nervous System
•Respiratory System
•Skeletal System
•Muscular System
•Excretory System
•Endocrine System

4. Digestive System Organs & their Functions
Mouth & Teeth- The mouth and teeth change food into a soft, moist mass through the processes of
chewing and adding saliva. This is the first step in the process of food digestion.
Esophagus- The esophagus is a tube-shaped structure that has muscular rings around it. The
esophagus transports food from the mouth to the stomach.
Stomach- The stomach is a muscular sac. It releases acid, which breaks down food into smaller
parts. The stomach also mixes the food, which helps to break it down.
Small intestine- The small intestine is a long tube-like organ that is lined with muscle and special
cells. These cells absorb the nutrients from digested food into the blood. Muscles in the intestine
wall help food to move through to the large intestine.
Large intestine- Like the small intestine, the large intestine is tube-shaped and lined with muscle. The
cells in the wall of the large intestine absorb water from the partially digested food. They absorb
about a gallon and a half of water daily. Also, bacteria in the large intestine help break down some of
the remaining undigested materials. The material that cannot be digested moves out of the body as
waste.
Liver- The liver is the largest internal organ of the human body. It makes a chemical called bile, which
helps to break down food, especially fats. The liver is located beside the stomach and is mostly on
the right side of the body.

6. Circulatory System Organs & their
Functions
Circulatory System Organs & their Functions
Veins—Veins are the larger blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart after its
oxygen has been carried to body tissues. Veins are normally drawn blue in diagrams.
Arteries—Arteries move blood that is rich in oxygen away from the heart. The pressure
from the heart’s pumping action keeps this blood moving in the right direction. Arteries
are normally drawn red in diagrams.
Heart—The heart is made up of four sections, or chambers. Two of them, the right atrium
and the right ventricle, push blood returning from the body to the lungs. The other
two, the left atrium and the left ventricle, get oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and send it
back out to the body. The pulse you can feel in your wrist is the blood hitting the walls of
the artery there with each pump of the heart.
Capillaries—Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that carry oxygen to tissues. They can only
be seen under a microscope because they are about one-tenth the width of a human
hair. Capillaries have thin walls that allow oxygen and nutrients from the blood to move
through them to the tissues. Carbon dioxide and other wastes leave the body cells, cross
through the capillary walls, and enter the blood for the trip back to the heart and lungs.

9. Nervous System
Components & their
Functions
Brain—The brain is the control center of the body. It
controls body functions and helps humans to
respond to conditions and events in the
environment.
Spinal cord—The spinal cord carries information to
and from the brain. Nerves reach from the spinal
cord to the rest of the body. The spinal cord is
protected by the bones of the spine.
Nerve cells—Nerve cells have long fibers that reach
to different parts of the body. These nerve cells
collect information from the environment and send
it through the spinal cord to the brain. The brain
then processes the information and comes up with
the proper response.

11. Respiratory System Organs & their
Functions
Nose—The nose is lined with mucus and tiny hairs. The hairs trap particles, such as dirt
and bacteria. The mucus adds moisture to the air and also helps trap particles.
Trachea—The trachea, or windpipe, is a tube that allows air to pass to the lungs. It is lined
by a mucous membrane that traps particles that were able to travel through the
nose. Close to the lungs, the trachea divides into two branches called the bronchial tubes.
Bronchial tubes—Each of the bronchial tubes carries air into one of the lungs. Once inside
the lung, the bronchial tubes divide into smaller and smaller tubes that eventually lead to
small air sacs.
Air Sacs—The air sacs are lined with a thin layer of skin cells. Gases like oxygen and
carbon dioxide move through the walls of the air sacs and into capillaries that surround
them. Air sacs are too small to be seen without a microscope. There are about 480 million
air sacs in each human lung.
Diaphragm—The diaphragm is a large muscle that sits just below the lungs. When it
flexes, it causes the lungs to expand and take in more air. When the diaphragm
relaxes, air moves out of the lungs.

13. The Skeletal System
The skeleton is a human body
system that is made up of over
200 bones. Every time you walk
to school or stand up from your
desk, you are using your
skeleton.The bones of the
skeleton are important for:
•providing support for muscles
and other body tissues
•protecting organs, such as the
brain, heart, and lungs
•allowing movement, such as
walking

14. The Muscular
System
•Muscles work with bones and
joints to allow us to move.
•The human body has more than
650 tough, elastic pieces of tissue
called muscles. Muscles attach to
the bones of the skeletal system and
allow the body to move.
Muscle Movement
•The pull of a muscle occurs when
the muscle contracts and become
shorter and tighter. Often muscles
work in pairs so that
one relaxes while the
other tightens.

15. The Excretory System
The excretory system collects wastes from cells and empties the waste
outside of the body. The human excretory system includes the lungs, sweat
glands in the skin, and the urinary system.
Lungs and Sweat Glands
•The human body creates carbon dioxide gas as a waste product during
cellular respiration. The lungs remove this waste from the body when a
person exhales.
•Sweat glands in the skin can remove excess water and salt from the body.
The Urinary System
The urinary system removes waste products from the blood and excretes
them in the form of urine. The urinary system is made up of the
kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra.
The kidneys filter blood and send wastes in the form of urine through
muscular tubes known as ureters into the bladder. The bladder then stores
the urine until it can be excreted to the outside of the body through a small
tube called the urethra.

17. The Endocrine System
The main function of the endocrine system is to help the body regulate itself by way
of hormones, or chemical messengers, that are produced by glands.
These hormones enter the bloodstream and regulate many body processes, including
growth and development, metabolism, and reproduction.
The pancreas is a gland organ that is part of the endocrine system. It has two main
functions. It releases hormones, such as insulin, which help keep blood sugar levels even. It
also produces digestive enzymes, which it then sends into the small intestine in order to
help break down food.

18. Human Body Structures
•The eyes sense light, which makes it
possible for people to see. Sight
allows people do describe the
objects around them in different
ways, such as through an
object's color or its level
of brightness.
•The nose senses the smell of
odors. Odors move through the
air, and the nose collects this
air. Odors can be described by terms
such as sweet, musty, fruity, or sour.
•The ears gather information about
the noises in the air. Sound travels
through the air, and the ears capture
it. This is how people hear. The
sounds people hear can be described
in ways such as loud or soft and high-
pitched or low-pitched.

19. Smile while I take your picture for
attendance!

21. Let’s see what you remember
with a labeling activity!

22. Use your text tool to label:
Esophagus
Liver
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine

23. Use your text tool to label:
Nose
Trachea
Bronchial tubes
Lungs
Diaphragm

24. Use your text tool to label:
Veins
Arteries
Heart

25. Use your text tool to label:
Brain
Spinal Cord

26. Before you leave today, remember to:
• Add 60 minutes to you science attendance
• Complete your Study Island assignment for
this week
• Move yourself to a breakout room to play a
game for 5 minutes!