1. Assignment 14
Photography
Research and Practice
Kaya Rahel
Gledis Joanne

2. Who is doing each part of the Presentation…
Person 1 Person 2 Person 3 Person 4
Kaya Rahel Joanne Gledis
 Lighting  Lighting - Key –  Lighting – fill (how  Lighting –
(overexposure/ high/low to fill) reflecting
underexposure
 /good exposure)  Shutter speed –  Shutter speed –  Shutter speed –
what is it? fast & slow motion blur (type 1
 & 2)
 diffusing  Transferring
 Shallow focus photos to computer  Transferring
 Deep focus photos to computer
 Composition –rule  Composition –
 Composition – of thirds/power- changing  Composition -
leading lines points angle/perspective framing

3. Photography Basics – Lighting: Over Exposure
Explanation Example Image My Images
Over exposure in
lighting is
basically allowing
too much light on
a photo
consequently
rinsing it of
colours and
detailed features
in a photo.
This can happen
from natural and
flash light

4. Photography Basics – Lighting: Under Exposure
Explanation Example Image My Images
Under exposure
is taking a picture
when your
surroundings
have no natural
more flash light
thus producing a
dark photo which
casts a shadow or
darkness on the
whole photo –
again rinsing of
colours and facial
features

5. Photography Basics – Lighting: Good Exposure
Explanation Example Image My Images
Good exposure is
having the
perfect balance
of colour, light
exposure and
shadow to which
a photo appears
crisp and
portrays features
and aspects in
the photo
apparent to its
real life form.
Perfect balance
of light and
shadow

6. Photography Basics – Lighting: Diffusing/Diffusers
Examples of different diffusers/ ways of diffusing
Holding a white paper over Putting bottle bottom
the flash over flash
This is my diffuser –
used to take pictures of small
objects, rather than outside or
Holding a white screen people as its an enclose cube-
Using white reflective where the flash is like shape
umbrella's flashing

7. Photography Basics – Lighting: Diffusing/Diffusers
Explanation Example Image My Images
Diffusers are
basically used to
make images
appear softer from
the direct flash
light on a camera.
Diffusers basically DIFFUSED BEFORE
reflect light thus
enforcing lighter
light onto the
picture taken –
also producing a
more natural and
appealing image.
DIFFUSED BEFORE

8. Photography Basics – Deep Focus
Explanation Example Image My Images
Deep focus is a
photographic and
cinematic
technique which
uses a large
depth of field
allowing
everything in a
frame to be
captured in Everything in
Poor focus of
detailed. everything in
shot is focused
shot
It appears sharp
and clear

9. Photography Basics – Leading Lines
Explanation Example Image My Images
Leading lines are
intentional or
unintentional,
natural lines
created in the
photograph used
to create a visual
composition.
Leading lines are
also used to draw
your eye to a
Photo with Normal shot of
focal point in the leading lines road
shot that you
would like to
highlight.

10. Lighting – High Key
What is high key lighting?
• reduces the lighting ratio present in the scene
• High key photos are very bright
• Doesn’t have very strong contrasts

11. Lighting – High Key
Examples

12. Lighting – Low Key
What is low key lighting?
• Creates dark looking photographs
• Low-key lighting often uses only one key light,
optionally controlled with a fill light or a
simple reflector
• Creates strong contrast
• Low key lighting describes any scene with a high
lighting ratio,

13. Lighting – Low Key
Examples

14. Shutter speed – what is it?
• It’s the exposure time - the length of time a
camera's shutter is open
• It is how quickly a shutter opens

15. Shallow focus
What is shallow focus?
• When the main object or person is in focus
and the background is blurry
• Incorporates a small depth of field

16. Shallow focus
Examples

17. Composition – rule of
thirds/powerpoints
Rule of thirds
• It is the theory that an image should be imagined as
divided into nine equal parts by two equally-spaced
horizontal lines and two equally-spaced vertical lines
• Also the idea that important compositional elements
should be placed along these lines or their intersections
• Purpose is to make photographs look more pleasant to
view

18. Composition – rule of
thirds/powerpoints
Powerpoints
• Similar to rule of thirds
• its the 4 axis points where the horizontal and
vertical lines join.
• The theory is that objects positioned in the
powerpoints create the finest composition

19. Composition – rule of
thirds/powerpoints
Examples

20. Lighting - Fill
Fill lighting is used fill in any shady or
dark areas by placing
Used to give a more clearer rounded
photograph

21. Lighting – Fill (Found Images)
Without Fill Lighting With Fill Lighting
• Only one direct light on the persons •Fill lighting used to highlight and
face show all features and details in the
• Making the rest of the image dark image giving even and enough light
and features cannot be seen for all to be seen

22. Lighting – Fill (Found Images)
Without Fill Lighting With Fill Lighting
•Without the whole face is not •With fill lighting features are
visible visible and clear to see

23. Shutter Speed – Fast & Slow
Shutter speed determines the clarity and effect of an image taken...
Slow Shutter speed Mid-Shutter Speed Fast Shutter Speed
•The longer the shutter is •The shutter is open for a •The shutter is open for
open the more it will take shorter period of time less an a split second
in •Being able to capture •Capturing a clear image
•Producing a blurry image movement a bit more of an moving object or
and an object or thing is in clearer thing
motion

24. Shutter Speed – Fast & Slow (Found Image)
With fast shutter speed its more With slow shutter speed all you
clear as the shutter has been open see is a blur as the shutter has
for a very short period of time taken in so much information
taking less information

25. Transferring Photos To Computer
Their are many ways to Transfer images to your computer, some of which are...
iCloud SD Card Social Media
If the image is taken from your phone
there are different options to send to
your computer
Using iCloud an online storage An SD card holding all your
service you can send the image photos can be taken and
electronically inserted into an SD slot on your
computer/laptop

26. Composition – Changing Angle/Perspective
Changing angle is using different position
and angles to give different
views/perspective of an otherwise normal
setting
This makes images more interesting and
eye catching to the viewer

27. Composition – Changing Angle/Perspective
(Found Images)
This angle give the image more life and This image taken from the ground up give the
looks exciting and a rush building more height and more eye catching

28. Composition – Changing Angle/Perspective (My
Image)
This image taken from above gives a more
interesting view than what would have been if
on the ground

29. What does reflecting light mean?
• Reflection is defined as the bouncing back of a ray of light into the
same medium, when it strikes a surface.
• It occurs on almost all surfaces - some reflect a major fraction of the
incident light.
• Others reflect only a part of it, while absorb the rest.

30. A found example
• There is a dark shadow on her • There is much more light on the neck
neck caused by her chin. now because its being reflected.
Without Reflector With Reflector

31. A found example
• Dark shadow on her face and
body caused by object from • The colour of her top is much darker due to lack of light.
above blocking light. • With a reflector the top becomes lighter.
• The light
reflecting is
filling the dark
areas of the
previous photo.
Without Reflector With Reflector

32. my example
How I used a home-made light reflector:
• I took a laminated piece of paper.
• I wrapped the paper in tinfoil.
• I then held the paper up next to the subject.
• The tinfoil reflected the light in the room onto the subject.

33. Reflector : my example - Before
Without Reflector
• As there was no
reflector used a
shadow was created
where the light from
above couldn’t reach.

34. Reflector : my example - After
With Reflector
• In order to reduce the
shadow on the side of
the object I used a
reflector to reflect the
light on the side that
was not hit directly by
the light.

35. Shutter speed- motion blur definition
The artefact by which fast-moving objects appear blurred. Each frame
in a conventional film is an average sample taken over about half the
time it takes to record the frame. In consequence, fast-moving images
appear blurred.
• Type 1: • Type 2:
If the subject of your photo is not When the subject in the photo is
moving it then becomes blurred
moving, or you want to show the
and the background stays
passage of time (with a running river the same.
or waterfall), then you can use a
slower shutter speed.

36. A found example
• When the shutter
speed increases you
can almost see the pear
in motion.
• The movement is made
visible within a a still
photograph.
• This is done through
the blurring of the
image.

37. A found example
Fast Shutter Speed:
• Each water
droplet is made
visible to the
human eye.

38. Motion Blur - my example
Type 1:
• Because the person is
in motion they have
become so blurred • The background is
out that they are not as blurred
hardly visible. because the camera
is not moving along
with the person.

39. Motion Blur - my example
Type 2:
When the camera follows the moving
person the background becomes blurred
and they are much more visible.

40. Motion Blur - my example
Slow Shutter Speed:
• With a slow shutter speed
the camera is only able to
capture a limited amount of
movement thus reducing a
blur in the image.

41. Motion Blur - my example
Fast Shutter Speed:
• When the shutter speed
time is decreased to 0.5
seconds the image
becomes blurry as the
camera is picking up every
movement.

42. Transferring Photos to computer
Examples:
Cables Bluetooth Email
Once your Bluetooth is on Attaching a file from you
you can click on the found ‘Photos’ folder when
devices and send your composing an email.
images to the device.
Connecting a cable with your
camera or device and your
computer.

43. Composition – Framing definition
• Framing is using objects in the picture to create a frame around the
subject.
• Good framing can also be controlled by how the camera captures the
subject. E.g. zooming out too much creates awkward spacing and
therefore poor framing.
• This is a good way to make a photograph look interesting and draw
attention to the subject.

44. A found example
Bad Framing
• Far too much empty space makes the
picture appear awkward an not
appealing to the eye.
• The head of this person
has been cut off due to
poor framing.

45. A found example
Good Framing
• The people are in the centre of
the frame which stops anything
being cut off e.g. their heads or
arms.

46. my example
Bad Framing
• Empty and
awkward
• Because the framing is so spacing.
poor, the eye is unable to
focus on anything in the
scenery.
• This makes the photo
unappealing to look at
despite the setting.

47. my example
Good Framing
• The flowers are placed
exactly in the centre of • Because they are in
the frame. the centre the photo
is more attractive and
appealing as this
makes it easier for
the eye to focus on
the object.

48. my example - Before
• Empty and
awkward • The edge of
spacing. the picture is
cut off.
• The poor framing doesn’t allow the eye to
comfortably focus on the object.

49. my example - After
• The picture is now in the
centre of the frame
allowing you to focus on it.
• There is no awkward
space to take away focus.

50. Who is doing each part of the Presentation…
Person 1 Person 2 Person 3 Person 4
Kaya Gledis Joanne Rahel
 Opening & photo  Crop  Brushes  Brushes
undo (repair, red eye,  (lighten, darken,
saturate, sharpen, soften)
 Rotate desaturation)
 Removing
effect/revert  Sharing
 Channing colour
 Naming/tagging
 Changing
exposure  Effects
 Auto enhance

51. Basic Photo Editing – Opening Photo
When you open iPhoto you can pick ways you
want to open your photo. This is a ‘Photos’
example where all pictures come up at once
This is an example of ‘Albums’
Here you tap (or click) on
the photo you want and
then the screen moves to
the basic editing choices

52. Basic Photo Editing – Photo Undo & Remove Effect
PHOTO UNDO
This little arrow symbol undo’s any
mistakes or effects you want to take
off your photo bringing it to its
previous state – undoing one
effect at a time
REMOVING EFFECT
When you put on an effect –
you simply tap the wheel icon and the red bar
write ‘remove effect’
Doing this, the effect is removed putting the
image back to its previous state

53. Basic Photo Editing – Changing Exposure
To change exposure you
tap on this symbol
Then here it shows the key from
brightness to darkness – hold
either the right or left semi-circle
icon to alter the exposure
Here you can
also increase
shadow

54. Basic Photo Editing – Changing Exposure
Having both semi-circle icons
Having both semi-circle icons
at the centre of the line
at each end of the line creates
creates over exposure on the
deep exposure on the picture
picture

55. Basic Photo Editing – Auto Enhance
Auto enhance enriches
colour on your picture to
the way the computer
thinks it should be –
making the picture more
appealing
Tapping on the wand
icon automatically does
this
To this

56. Description / Purpose –
Crop
Before
1. To crop a photo you
click on the crop icon
After
2. You then pinch the screen
and push your fingers
outwards to crop the image.

57. Description / Purpose –
Rotate
• To rotate the image means to turn it in
a certain direction.
• Either left or right.
• This is done through the rotate tool.
• In order to rotate an image
you push his icon with your
finger in the direction you
wish to rotate it.

58. Rotate – Before and after
My Examples:
After
Before

59. Description / Purpose –
Colour Change
• To change the colour of
the image you push your
finger along the icon to
how much you which to
alter the colour.

60. Colour change – Before and after
My Examples:
Before After
• To achieve this colour I simply
slid the ‘Saturation’ icon all the
way to the end which intensified
all the colours.

61. Description / Purpose –
effects
• In order to change the effects of
the photo you touch the icon
with the stars and it gives you
different options for different
effects.

62. Description / Purpose –
effects
• When you click on the
circular rainbow icon
the different effects
slide out in a row.

63. Changing the effects
My Examples: Before
• To change the effects on my
photo I clicked on one of the
available effects options and
it altered the image.
After

64. Changing the effects
My Examples: Before
• To change the effects on my
photo I clicked on one of the
available effects options and
it altered the image.
After

65. Brushes

66. Brushes - Repair
The repair wand automatically fixes
any defects in the photo from
lighting to red eyes

67. Brushes - Repair
By using Repair it will automatically find the defects in the
image and fix them such as, lighting, red eye. Eliminating
the task of you doing it yourself

68. Brushes – Red Eye
The Red Eye brush allows you to fix red eye
which come from the over exposure of light from
the flash

69. Brushes – Red Eye
This is the original unedited
image with faults and visible This is after the Red Eye brush has
red eye due to the amount of totally removed any sign of Red Eye
like exposure

70. Brushes - Saturate

71. Brushes - Saturate
This is the original image unedited Saturate give the image an orange
tinge enabling you to highlight and
contour an image

72. Brushes - Desaturation

73. Brushes - Desaturation
This is the original image unedited Desaturation allows you to blur any
defects or areas that you would wish to
hide, over using it gives a blurry effect

74. Naming/Tagging
This allows
you to tag a
photo with
any name
you with and
this will
place it into
categories

75. Naming/Tagging
Tagging allows you to put the photo After tagging you can see the different
into categories and in more than categories which makes the images
one easier to find and share

76. Brushes - Lighten
BEFORE AFTER
The lighten brush makes the
picture look a lot more glowing
and makes it more clearer to
see

77. Brushes - Darken
BEFORE AFTER
After pressing this darkening brush,
the picture is a lot dimmer

78. Brushes - Sharpen
BEFORE AFTER
The sharpen brush gives the picture
a lot more definition as you can
really see the texture of the chairs
etc

79. Brushes - Soften
BEFORE AFTER
The soften brush made the picture a lot
more soft

80. Sharing
When you have
completed editing you
can share your photo
meaning that the
photo will be shared
on Twitter, Facebook
etc
Email
Twitter iMovie Facebook