Chapters 2&3

Basic Chemistry: Chapter 2 and 3 Unit 1 Notes

Matter ,[object Object],[object Object]

Physical Properties of Matter ,[object Object]

Chemical Properties of Matter ,[object Object]

Atoms ,[object Object],[object Object]

Atomic Structure ,[object Object]

Ions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Elements ,[object Object],[object Object]

Elements (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Elements (cont.) ,[object Object]

Chemical Formulas ,[object Object]

Chemical Formulas ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Compounds ,[object Object],[object Object]

Molecules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chemical Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object]

Covalent Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Covalent Bonds ,[object Object]

Hydrogen Bonds ,[object Object]

Chemical Equations ,[object Object],[object Object]

Mixtures ,[object Object],[object Object]

Solutions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Solutions ,[object Object],[object Object]

Suspensions ,[object Object],[object Object]

Water and The Fitness of the Environment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Water, not Earth ,[object Object],[object Object],Figure 3.1

Water is Polar ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Polarity of Water ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hydrogen bonds + + H H + +  –  –  –  – Figure 3.2

Water and Life ,[object Object]

Cohesion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],Water conducting cells 100 µ m Figure 3.3

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 3.4

Moderation of Temperature ,[object Object],[object Object]

Heat and Temperature ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Water’s High Specific Heat ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Evaporative Cooling ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Heat of Vaporization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Insulation of Bodies of Water by Floating Ice ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ice and Liquid Water ,[object Object],[object Object],Liquid water Hydrogen bonds constantly break and re-form Ice Hydrogen bonds are stable Hydrogen bond Figure 3.5

Ice and Life ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Solvent of Life ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],Negative oxygen regions of polar water molecules are attracted to sodium cations (Na + ). + + + + Cl – – – – – Na + Positive hydrogen regions of water molecules cling to chloride anions (Cl – ). + + + + – – – – – – Na + Cl – Figure 3.6

[object Object],This oxygen is attracted to a slight positive charge on the lysozyme molecule. This oxygen is attracted to a slight negative charge on the lysozyme molecule. (a) Lysozyme molecule in a nonaqueous environment (b) Lysozyme molecule (purple) in an aqueous environment such as tears or saliva (c) Ionic and polar regions on the protein’s Surface attract water molecules.  +  – Figure 3.7

Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Substances ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Solute Concentration in Aqueous Solutions ,[object Object],[object Object]

Molarity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Acids and Bases ,[object Object]

Dissociation of Water ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],H Hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) H Hydroxide ion (OH – ) H H H H H H + – + Figure on p. 53 of water dissociating

Acids and Bases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The pH Scale ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],Increasingly Acidic [H + ] > [OH – ] Increasingly Basic [H + ] < [OH – ] Neutral [H + ] = [OH – ] Oven cleaner 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 pH Scale Battery acid Digestive (stomach) juice, lemon juice Vinegar, beer, wine, cola Tomato juice Black coffee Rainwater Urine Pure water Human blood Seawater Milk of magnesia Household ammonia Household bleach Figure 3.8

Buffers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Threat of Acid Precipitation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 More acidic Acid rain Normal rain More basic Figure 3.9

Chapters 2&3

Recommandé

Recommandé

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Tendances (20)

En vedette

En vedette (20)

Similaire à Chapters 2&3

Similaire à Chapters 2&3 (20)

Plus de ktanaka2

Plus de ktanaka2 (14)

Chapters 2&3