Dunia Animalia

1. Phylum Echinodermata1
Phylum Echinodermata

2. Phylum Echinodermata2
Phylum Echinodermata
 Defining Characteristics
– A complex series of fluid filled canals with numerous
flexible feeding and locomotory appendages
– 5 pointed radial symmetry in adult

3. Phylum Echinodermata3
Echinoderms Skeleton
 Have an internal skeleton of
calcium carbonate
– Ossicles vary in size and
structure and are
manufactured by
specialized cells
 Feeding biology?

4. Phylum Echinodermata4
Water vascular system
 A separate coelom is
used with
interconnecting fluid
filled tubes and canals
 A ring canal circles the
mouth and gives off 5
radial canals
 The radial canal is
exposed and runs along
the ambulacral groove

5. Phylum Echinodermata5
Water Vascular System

6. Phylum Echinodermata6
Tube Feet
 The ampullae is a
small ball that sits
above the tube foot
 Contraction and
expansion of the
ampulla accomplishes
movement

7. Phylum Echinodermata7
Mutable Connective Tissue
Another unique Echinodermata
characteristic is the presence of mutable
connective tissue

8. Phylum Echinodermata8
Taxonomic Summary
 Phylum
Echinodermata
– Class Crinoidea
– Class
Concentricycloidea
– Class Stelleroidea
 Subclass Asteroidea
 Subclass Ophiuroidea
– Class Echinoidea
– Class Holothuroidea

9. Phylum Echinodermata9
Subclass Asteroidea

10. Phylum Echinodermata10
Sea Stars
 The oral surface of each arm has a single ambulacral
groove
 Have a large coelom where all the main organs occur

11. Phylum Echinodermata11
Sea Star Feeding
 Feed mainly on slow
moving, sedentary,
or sessile
invertebrates
 Some species evert
the stomach onto
prey and digest
externally, others
swallow whole

12. Phylum Echinodermata12
Pedicellariae
 Specialized pinchers
found on the aboral
surface.

13. Phylum Echinodermata13
Reproduction
 Can reproduce asexually
by disk division
 Sexual Reproduction
– Dioecious with sperm
or eggs produced in 2
or more gonads in
each arm
– Larval stage =
bipinnaria

14. Phylum Echinodermata14
Regeneration
 Many species autotomize,
leaving predators with a
nutritious souvenir while
they escape
 Most spp. can regenerate
from fragments that
include the disk

15. Phylum Echinodermata15
Subclass Ophiuroidea
 Defining Characteristics
– Well-developed
ossicles in the arms
forming a system of
articulating vertebrae
– The oral surface bears
5 pair of bursal sacs

16. Phylum Echinodermata16
Brittle Star Structure

17. Phylum Echinodermata17
Reproduction
 Similar to Asteroids;
yet a pluteus larva
is formed
 Regenerate well,
and one spp., in our
area reproduces
asexually by disk
division

18. Phylum Echinodermata18
Class Echinoidea
 Defining characteristics
– Ossicles are joined to form
a rigid test
– Adults possess a feeding
structure called Aristotle’s
lantern
 Two attributes: mobile spines,
and hollow skeleton or test

19. Phylum Echinodermata19
Sea Urchin Structure

20. Phylum Echinodermata20
Pedicellariae
 Pedicellariae prevent
fouling of test and
are used in defense
 More complex than
sea stars and are
located on tall
moveable stalks

21. Phylum Echinodermata21
Ingestion and Digestion
 Feed on alga material, encrusting bryozoans or
scavenge
– Food is chopped by 5 sharp pointed teeth
– The digestive system is long to deal with vegetable
manner
– The anus is located aborally

22. Phylum Echinodermata22
Reproduction
 Most conspicuous
organs are those
responsible for
reproduction
 At spawning the entire
coelom will fill with
sperm or eggs
 Pluteus larva is
formed

23. Phylum Echinodermata23
Sand Dollars
 Irregular: non-
spherical variously
depressed
– Anus is shifted to the
oral surface posterior
to the mouth creating
bilateral symmetry

24. Phylum Echinodermata24
Class Holothuroidea
 Defining characteristics
– Worm shaped body, greatly elongated along the
aboral and oral axis
– The calcareous ossicles are reduced in size and
embedded individually in the body wall
– Highly branched muscular respiratory structures

25. Phylum Echinodermata25
Holothuroidea Feeding
 Possess retractile
feeding tentacle that
surrounds the mouth
 While suspension or
deposit feeding each
tentacle is cleaned in the
mouth

26. Phylum Echinodermata26
Holothuroidea Structure

27. Phylum Echinodermata27
Ossicles
 Although somewhat
soft they do have an
internal skeleton
– The skeletal elements
(ossicles) are microscopic
with complex shapes
– May compose up to 80%
of the dry body weight

28. Phylum Echinodermata28
Respiration
 Respiratory trees

29. Phylum Echinodermata29
Defense
 Many spp. have powerful toxins in the body
wall
 Cuverian tubules
– Sticky and toxic tentacles which are shot out the
anus
 Also eviscerates to avoid predation
– Internal organs regenerate after a period of time